Conceptual Information Research Articles

Application of Short Text Classification Model Based on GPT-3.5 in E-Commerce

In the realm of e-commerce, the crucial role of short text classification in enhancing user experience and platform operational efficiency has led to the development of effective. approaches encompassing feature-based algorithms and early deep learning models. However, challenges remain when dealing with complex semantics and vast amounts of unstructured data. To bridge this gap, This paper proposes a novel model of short text classification based on GPT-3.5, which significantly improves classification accuracy by combining conceptualization and character-level information. Our model's superior performence across all datasets was validated through experimentsal trials on five widely used datasets (TREC, AG News, Bing, and Movie Review).

In silico analysis and structural vaccinology prediction of Toxoplasma gondii ROP41 gene via immunoinformatics methods as a vaccine candidate

IntroductionToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Currently, no effective treatments exist to prevent the generation of chronic tissue cysts in infected hosts. Therefore, developing a vaccine to protect to deal with toxoplasmosis is a promising strategy, as a single immunization could provide lifelong protective immunity. Rhoptry proteins (ROPs) play a vital role for the parasite's survival within host cells and perform critical functions during different phases of parasite invasion. Little is known about ROP41 gene. Nevertheless, Understanding the characteristics of ROP41 will enhance diagnostic and vaccine research. Materials and MethodsThe current article provides a comprehensive analysis of the essential components of the ROP41 protein, including its transmembrane domain, physico-chemical properties, subcellular location, tertiary and secondary structures, and potential T- and B-cell epitopes. These features were determined by many bioinformatics approaches to identify possible epitopes for developing a highly effective vaccine. ResultsROP41 protein showed 36 possible post-translational modification regions. The ROP41 protein secondary structure contains 17.35 % extended strand, 33.47 % alpha-helix, and 49.18 % random coil. Also, ROP41 showed many possible B- and T-cell epitopes. According to the Ramachandran plot, 90.78 % of amino acid residues had been placed in favored, 3.28 % in outlier, and 5.94 % in allowed areas. Also, the allergenicity and antigenicity evaluation indicated that ROP41 is non-allergenic and immunogenic. ConclusionThe current study offered critical basic and conceptual information on ROP41 to increase a successful vaccine in opposition to continual and acute toxoplasmosis for in addition in vivo assessments. Further research is necessary for the development of vaccines utilizing ROP41 alone or combined with various antigens.

Grasping the Concept of an Object at a Glance: Category Information Accessed by Brief Dichoptic Presentation.

What type of conceptual information about an object do we get at a brief glance? In two experiments, we investigated the nature of conceptual tokening-the moment at which conceptual information about an object is accessed. Using a masked picture-word congruency task with dichoptic presentations at "brief" (50-60 ms) and "long" (190-200 ms) durations, participants judged the relation between a picture (e.g., a banana) and a word representing one of four property types about the object: superordinate (fruit), basic level (banana), a high-salient (yellow), or low-salient feature (peel). In Experiment 1, stimuli were presented in black-and-white; in Experiment 2, they were presented in red and blue, with participants wearing red-blue anaglyph glasses. This manipulation allowed for the independent projection of stimuli to the left- and right-hemisphere visual areas, aiming to probe the early effects of these projections in conceptual tokening. Results showed that superordinate and basic-level properties elicited faster and more accurate responses than high- and low-salient features at both presentation times. This advantage persisted even when the objects were divided into categories (e.g., animals, vegetables, vehicles, tools), and when objects contained high-salient visual features. However, contrasts between categories show that animals, fruits, and vegetables tend to be categorized at the superordinate level, while vehicles tend to be categorized at the basic level. Also, for a restricted class of objects, high-salient features representing diagnostic color information (yellow for the picture of a banana) facilitated congruency judgments to the same extent as that of superordinate and basic-level labels. We suggest that early access to object concepts yields superordinate and basic-level information, with features only yielding effects at a later stage of processing, unless they represent diagnostic color information. We discuss these results advancing a unified theory of conceptual representation, integrating key postulates of atomism and feature-based theories.

A REVIEW OF STUDIES ON THE THEORY OF COST STICKINESS WITH BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Costs, which are of great importance for businesses, are evaluated in two groups as fixed and variable costs. According to the traditional cost theory, both fixed and variable costs increase and decrease symmetrically at the relevant activity level. However, in recent years, as an alternative to this approach of the traditional cost theory, opinions have emerged that costs may not move symmetrically but asymmetrically depending on the increase or decrease of the activity level. In this framework, the aim of this study is to present conceptual information about this view, which is put forward as an alternative to the traditional cost theory, and to conduct a bibliometric analysis of international studies on the subject . In the study, international literature was searched and Web of Science database was used. In addition, the relationships between the data obtained in the study were presented by creating visual network maps through the "VOSviewer" program. According to the results of the analysis, the most studies on cost stickiness were conducted in 2021 with 64 publications. 90% of the studies were published as articles. 15,197 citations were made to 685 publications, a rate of 22.19% per publication. The researchers who published the most on cost stickiness with 8 publications were Banker, Rajiv D. and Naoum V.C. The highest number of publications in Web of Science categories on cost stickiness was in Economics with approximately 44%. Again, the highest number of citations was in Economics with approximately 69% and the highest number of publications in this field was in Corporate Governance with approximately 32.4%. 62% of the publications were in journals indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). 99% of the studies were conducted in English. Approximately 26% of the studies were published by Emerald Group Publishing. The study is important in terms of determining the studies on cost stickiness theory in accounting science and the relationship between these studies.

Developing Concepts of Authenticity: Insights From Parents' and Children's Conversations About Historical Significance.

The present study investigated children's understanding that an object's history may increase its significance, an appreciation that underpins the concept of historical authenticity (i.e., the idea that an item's history determines its true identity, beyond its functional or material qualities, leading people to value real items over copies or fakes). We examined the development of historical significance through the lens of parent-child conversations, and children's performance on an authenticity assessment. The final sample was American, 79.2% monoracial White, and mid-high socio-economic status (SES) and included 48 parent-child pairs: 24 with younger children (R=3.5 to 4.5 years) and 24 with older children (R=5.5 to 6.5 years). Parent-child pairs discussed three books we created, with three storylines: a museum (culturally authentic) storyline, a clean-up (personally authentic) storyline, and a control storyline. Across measures, conversations suggested that authenticity may begin as a "placeholder concept" that is initially rooted in a broad appreciation for the significance of old objects and only later filled in with specifics. This placeholder initially directs children's learning about authenticity by linking, in an unspecified way, the value and significance of objects to their past. For example, we found that young children appropriately appealed to history (vs. perceptual or functional features of objects) in contexts regarding authentic objects but struggled in determining which objects were more significant on the post-test assessment, suggesting that they attend to object history but are not yet sure how histories matter for making authenticity judgments. We also found some evidence that directing children's attention toward conceptual information related to object history may in turn direct them away from material or perceptual considerations, as seen in trade-offs in parents' and children's conversations. Together, this exploratory report offers many new avenues for work on the development of authenticity concepts in childhood.

Prior familiarity enhances recognition memory of faces, not just images of faces, when accompanied by conceptual information.

A recent paper reported that recognition discriminability was improved for faces that were familiarized prior to study, but only if that familiarization protocol included conceptual information, like a name (Akan & Benjamin, Journal of Memory and Language,131, 104,433, 2023). In those experiments, familiarity with each facial identity was gained through exposures to the same facial image prior to study, and memory for each facial identity was tested using the same images across study and test. That design characteristic has a serious constraint on generality, since it is possible that prior conceptual information enhances memory for images (of faces), but not for the representation of the face itself. Here we evaluated whether this finding generalizes to a paradigm in which each exposure of a face is a novel image. In two experiments, faces were familiarized with orienting tasks that induced more perceptual or more conceptual processing prior to study and test phases. Results from recognition tests replicated the results from Akan and Benjamin (2023): (1) Discriminability was enhanced when prior familiarity involved conceptual processing but not when it involved perceptual processing, and (2) familiarity gained through either perceptual or conceptual processing led to an increase in both correct and false identifications. This successful replication in a design with exclusively novel images indicates that the discriminability advantage provided by conceptual familiarity goes beyond memory for facial images and applies to memory for faces. These findings have implications in practical contexts, such as eyewitness identification situations involving suspects who are previously known or familiar to the witness.

Концептуальная правовая основа формирования информационного взаимодействия федеральных органов исполнительной власти и гражданского общества

The article considers the conceptual and legal interdepartmental information interaction of federal executive authorities), identifies problems of legal regulation of forms of interdepartmental information interaction, makes a legal analysis of the application of interdepartmental information interaction the normative legal form of regulation of interdepartmental information interaction and the contractual form of interdepartmental information interaction, defines the range of subjects participating in legal relations of interdepartmental information interaction and identifies problems of formation of legal terminology in this area, recommendations on the regulation of public law relations in the field of interdepartmental information interaction have been developed.

Beyond 'Gist': The Dynamic Interplay of Conceptual Information and Visual Detail in Long-Term Memory

Beyond 'Gist': The Dynamic Interplay of Conceptual Information and Visual Detail in Long-Term Memory

Categorically distinct subsets allow flexible memory selection in hybrid search.

In many everyday situations, we search our visual surroundings for any one of many memorized items held in memory, a process termed hybrid search. In some cases, only a portion of the memorized mental list is relevant within a specific visual context, thus, restricting memory search to the relevant subset would be desirable. Previous research had shown that participants largely fail to "partition" memory into several distinct subsets, on a trial-by-trial basis. However, given the known role of semantic content in long-term memory organization, we hypothesized that semantically defined subset categories might serve as a more powerful means for flexible memory selection in dynamic hybrid search situations. Experiment 1 revealed that, indeed, semantic characteristics (i.e., object category), but not perceptual features (e.g., arbitrary color), can provide a firm basis for flexible memory partitioning. Experiments 2 and 3 further showed that such memory partitioning is costless and is independent of the nature of the surrounding visual distractors (i.e., a categorically homogeneous or heterogeneous display). These findings demonstrate that confining one's memory search to a currently relevant subset of items is highly effective when the different memory subsets are defined by clear semantic categories. The results underscore the importance of conceptual information in the organization of activated long-term memory and in forming the basis for a flexible trial-by-trial memory selection. Our findings further highlight the relationship between visual search and memory search, and they may shed light on the processes contributing to a successful construction of bounded episodes in long-term memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Causes and Consequences of Conflicts Among Agricultural Communities in Ethiopia: The Case of Tisho Kebele’s Deliberate Attacks on the Yebeno People in Burji Zone, Southern Ethiopia

This research was conducted in Burji zone South Ethiopia region. The main intent of the paper was to assess the causes and consequences of Tisho kebele’s deliberate attacks on Yebeno people in mid of April 2024. More precisely, the research was aimed to identify the underlying causes, to investigate the socio-economic effects of the conflicts, to assess the responses provided by Burji zone government to arisen conflict and to propose intervention strategies to end the conflict. As a result, the study employed a descriptive research design and followed qualitative research approach. Besides, the primary data of the study was collected from the kebele leaders, elders and religious leaders through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. To select the respondents who have ample understanding about the conflict the researcher was used the purposive sampling techniques. Moreover, the conceptual information about the conflict was collected from secondary data sources such as journals and articles. Above all, the deliberate attack of Tisho kebele on the Yebeno people were out of the norm of Burji people in their long time history and it was destructive in nature. Due to this, a number of people were displaced and wounds within combination of burning and stealing of resources that estimated in millions of Birr. Thus, it is expected from the concerned stakeholders to search ways how to resolve the arisen conflict as soon as possible.

The genesis of the casual interpretation of legal norms

The author examines the evolutionary development of ideas about the casual interpretation of legal norms. The subject of the study is the legal understanding of casual interpretation in the process of formation of state and legal institutions. The object of the research is scientific publications, monographs, textbooks, treatises and other historical sources containing conceptual information on hermeneutics, legal interpretation and, in particular, on the casual interpretation of legal norms. The purpose of the research is to reveal the paradigms of the emergence and causes of the transformation of views on the casual interpretation of the legal text. The coverage of the present issue determines the initial appeal to the origins of the formation of the hermeneutical methodology itself. The author focuses on such aspects of the subject as the initial object of hermeneutics; its main historical variations; the close connection between the emergence of hermeneutical ideas with the gradual transformation of society and its forms of organization; the problem of establishing criteria for the implementation of true interpretation. The methodological basis of the work consists in the application of a historical, logical, comparative and systematic approach. The result of the research is expressed in the establishment of dominant events that are significant for the formation of the concept of the casual interpretation of legal norms at various stages of the historical development of society. The novelty of the research is predetermined by an innovative view of the formation of the hermeneutics in the context of the development of legal casuistry and legal understanding of individual life situations. The author notes that the emergence of hermeneutical methodology most vividly correlates with the desire of the subject of law to use various interpretations of emerging incidents, including legal ones. The improvement of methods of interpretation of dreams, predictions, signs, and subsequently words and text led to the emergence and doctrinal formulation of the concept of casual interpretation of normative prescriptions. In conclusion, the author summarizes that today there is a similar general theoretical understanding of the casual interpretation of the norms of law as an independent type of interpretation.

Shopee E-Commerce Purchase Decisions Viewed from Hedonist Motivation, Utilitarian, Sales Promotion, and Consumer Interest: A Conceptual Model

One of the most promising forms of online sales today is e-commerce. The convenience of online shopping makes it easier for the buyers to spend more and at the same time compare the prices and quality of goods, without having to step out. The existence of motivation has a great influence in determining the decisions that need to be made. To increase the revenue of an e-commerce business, promotions are the most important thing to attract consumers. The next step involves the consumer’s decision whether to buy the product or not. This researcher constructed the conceptual Hedonic Information System Acceptance Model (HISAM) to identify the utilitarian and hedonic motives that influence consumer purchasing decisions. To find out how hedonism and utilitarian behavior influence online sales partners in the home care industry to conduct targeted promotions to attract customers. Consumer concerns when shopping on the Shopee marketplace. The researchers studied a sample size of 100 people from Master of Management students at Sebelas Maret University in Surakarta using multiple linear regression analysis. Keywords: Hedonist motivation, utilitarian, sales promotion, consumer interest, Shopee e-Commerce, purchase decisions

Ten "Cheat Codes" for Measuring Oxidative Stress in Humans.

Formidable and often seemingly insurmountable conceptual, technical, and methodological challenges hamper the measurement of oxidative stress in humans. For instance, fraught and flawed methods, such as the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kits for lipid peroxidation, rate-limit progress. To advance translational redox research, we present ten comprehensive "cheat codes" for measuring oxidative stress in humans. The cheat codes include analytical approaches to assess reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, oxidative damage, and redox regulation. They provide essential conceptual, technical, and methodological information inclusive of curated "do" and "don't" guidelines. Given the biochemical complexity of oxidative stress, we present a research question-grounded decision tree guide for selecting the most appropriate cheat code(s) to implement in a prospective human experiment. Worked examples demonstrate the benefits of the decision tree-based cheat code selection tool. The ten cheat codes define an invaluable resource for measuring oxidative stress in humans.

A familiar face and person processing area in the human temporal pole

How does the brain process the faces of familiar people? Neuropsychological studies have argued for an area of the temporal pole (TP) linking faces with person identities, but magnetic susceptibility artifacts in this region have hampered its study with fMRI. Using data acquisition and analysis methods optimized to overcome this artifact, we identify a familiar face response in TP, reliably observed in individual brains. This area responds strongly to visual images of familiar faces over unfamiliar faces, objects, and scenes. However, TP did not just respond to images of faces, but also to a variety of high-level social cognitive tasks, including semantic, episodic, and theory of mind tasks. The response profile of TP contrasted with a nearby region of the perirhinal cortex that responded specifically to faces, but not to social cognition tasks. TP was functionally connected with a distributed network in the association cortex associated with social cognition, while PR was functionally connected with face-preferring areas of the ventral visual cortex. This work identifies a missing link in the human face processing system that specifically processes familiar faces, and is well placed to integrate visual information about faces with higher-order conceptual information about other people. The results suggest that separate streams for person and face processing reach anterior temporal areas positioned at the top of the cortical hierarchy.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION MODEL FOR OPTIMIZING LAND USE AND FORECASTING YIELDS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

The paper presents the development of a conceptual information model for optimizing land use and crop forecasting in agriculture, implemented using the PHP programming language, Javascript and the MYSQL database management system. The model is designed to solve optimization problems in various fields such as logistics, manufacturing, finance, etc. As part of the work, an information model was developed, which is a set of data, algorithms and software modules designed to solve optimization problems. The model is implemented based on PHP, Javascript, and MYSQL technologies. The model allows you to solve optimization problems of varying complexity using various optimization methods such as linear programming, nonlinear programming, artificial intelligence methods, etc. The model can be applied to solve optimization problems in various fields. In addition, the model allows you to solve optimization problems with a high degree of accuracy and in a short time, and also has a user-friendly interface that allows users to easily and quickly set optimization tasks. An information model has been developed that will make it possible to predict the harvest taking into account data on weather, soil, crops and historical yield data, as well as optimize land use taking into account data on soil type, climate, crop rotation and financial indicators. The developed information model can improve the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production. The model can be used by agronomists and farmers to make more informed decisions. The model takes into account data on soil type, climate, crop rotation and financial indicators to optimize land use.

A reciprocal – reflective approach to learning: concept and model

Purpose The purpose of this paper aimed primarily at the practitioner is to offer foundational information regarding reciprocal-reflective approach to learning (RRAL). Presentation and explanation include conceptual and theory grounding of the processes to be initiated by a manager for collaboration with an employee. A detailed model reflective of the approach is presented. Conceptual and practice-aimed information may be adapted for training and development. Design/methodology/approach Explanations of employee learning often place the manager in role(s) of teacher, guide, coach and/or expert. Proposed here is an approach in which manager and individual employee, jointly, make use of a learning approach which is representative of an experiential, action or problem-based form of learning from which they both can learn. The manager can initiate the process in which both participants collaborate to identify some specific, shared learning goals aimed at the matters under consideration. Other goals, likely more personal in the case of each participant, may also be identified and efforts made to help one another attain progress regarding such goals. The RRAL process as explained mirrors a bifurcation of instrumental behaviors (focus on learning activities) and emotional behaviors (caring and sharing resulting in a strengthened relationship and trust). Findings Relying on research that clearly identifies various supportive behaviors on the part of the manager, a detailed example of a plan is provided. The plan is driven by shared aims, focus, feedback and adjustment. In addition to individual learning goals, the manager has the opportunity to make her/his own role adjustments that lead to positive, supportive actions stimulating the quality of the relationship with the employee including the building of trust. Practical implications Using the example provided as a guide can be very helpful to a manager with limited experience in instigating employee learning and change. Initial use may be regarded as an experiment subject to much analysis and discussion by both participants as they contemplate how to work together in future reciprocal learning endeavors. Originality/value Currently, there is little research available that expresses how manager and employee can work as partners on some matter (change, problem, improvement) in a collaborative, reciprocal fashion. This paper, as an example, should demonstrate that skills and knowledge of both participants can improve and progress made regarding the issue at hand. The RRAL can be fashioned by the participants to yield progress and a more positive relationship.

Explanation strategies in humans versus current explainable artificial intelligence: Insights from image classification

AbstractExplainable AI (XAI) methods provide explanations of AI models, but our understanding of how they compare with human explanations remains limited. Here, we examined human participants' attention strategies when classifying images and when explaining how they classified the images through eye‐tracking and compared their attention strategies with saliency‐based explanations from current XAI methods. We found that humans adopted more explorative attention strategies for the explanation task than the classification task itself. Two representative explanation strategies were identified through clustering: One involved focused visual scanning on foreground objects with more conceptual explanations, which contained more specific information for inferring class labels, whereas the other involved explorative scanning with more visual explanations, which were rated higher in effectiveness for early category learning. Interestingly, XAI saliency map explanations had the highest similarity to the explorative attention strategy in humans, and explanations highlighting discriminative features from invoking observable causality through perturbation had higher similarity to human strategies than those highlighting internal features associated with higher class score. Thus, humans use both visual and conceptual information during explanation, which serve different purposes, and XAI methods that highlight features informing observable causality match better with human explanations, potentially more accessible to users.

Textual connections of the mythonyms in I.A. Bunin’s poetry

The question of the textual functioning of mythonyms in the poetic heritage of I.A. Bunin is raised. The relevance of the topic is due to the interest of linguists in the problem of artistic text-building, in particular the author’s preference in vocabulary selection, as well as the unresolved issue of modeling Bunin’s onomasticon. The purpose of the study is to describe the textual connections of mythological names, through which meaningful and conceptual information is explicated and a subtext is formed. The research material included the scientific edition (by Professor T.M. Dvinyatina) of I.A. Bunin’s poetry, from which 272 units were extracted by continuous sampling. The factual material was systematized and interpreted with the descriptive, taxonomic, quantitative methods, contextual analysis, modeling. Standing out against the background of different layers of the Bunin’s vocabulary, mythological names interact with each other, with other semantic subgroups of onyms, appellatives, attributive and verbal vocabulary. The author notes that mythoanthroponyms and theonyms have the richest syntagmatic connections. Contextual synonymy is found in demononyms, mythoanthroponyms, mythopersonyms, mythoponyms and theonyms; and contextual antonymy is found in mythoponyms and mythopersonyms. The intertextual nature and the precedent level determine the associative connections of Bunin’s mythonymicon units. It is concluded that the textual functioning of mythonyms is determined by I.A. Bunin’s intention to overcome the particularization of cultural worlds and create such an individual author’s mythopoetic space where images and plots already familiar to readers are constantly enriched with new meanings. The prospects of the work include the study of Bunin’s prose mythonymicon and the textual connections of mythonyms in it, which will allow to create a consistent onomastic model of Bunin-writer.

“Having just the right answer is almost as worthless as not having an answer’’: conceptualizing the information needs of undergraduate engineers

PurposeThis paper explores the information needs and behaviors of undergraduate engineers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on a qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews with 18 students.FindingsThe study identified the types of information needs undergraduate engineers encounter while working on problem solving tasks and the strategies they use to resolve these needs. The findings reveal that students often encounter difficulties due to a lack of procedural knowledge rather than conceptual gaps or misunderstandings. Students look for step-by-step solutions to address their information needs and become more efficient problem-solvers. However, most instructors do not provide answers or solutions, leaving students uncertain about their progress and unable to correct their mistakes. Consequently, students seek information from their peers, including step-by-step solutions and access to previous course materials. They use file-sharing and instant messaging platforms like Google Drive and Facebook Messenger as covert means of seeking help, sharing solutions and engaging in coursework-related discussions.Originality/valueThe findings enrich the theory of information needs by delineating between conceptual and procedural information needs. These findings also underscore the significant role that classmates and friends play as sources of information. The study offers implications for conceptual development of information needs, and for instructors to provide solutions and support sharing between peers on official platforms.

The importance of conceptual knowledge when becoming familiar with faces during naturalistic viewing

Although the ability to recognise familiar faces is a critical part of everyday life, the process by which a face becomes familiar in the real world is not fully understood. Previous research has focussed on the importance of perceptual experience. However, in natural viewing, perceptual experience with faces is accompanied by increased knowledge about the person and the context in which they are encountered. Although conceptual information is known to be crucial for the formation of new episodic memories, it requires a period of consolidation. It is unclear, however, whether a similar process occurs when we learn new faces. Using a natural viewing paradigm, we investigated how the context in which events are presented influences our understanding of those events and whether, after a period of consolidation, this has a subsequent effect on face recognition. The context was manipulated by presenting events in 1) the original sequence, or 2) a scrambled sequence. Although this manipulation was predicted to have a significant effect on conceptual understanding of events, it had no effect on overall visual experience with the faces. Our prediction was that this contextual manipulation would affect face recognition after the information has been consolidated into memory. We found that understanding of the narrative was greater for participants who viewed the movie in the original sequence compared to those that viewed the movie in a scrambled order. To determine if the context in which the movie was viewed had an effect on face recognition, we compared recognition in the original and scrambled condition. We found an overall effect of conceptual knowledge on face recognition. That is, participants who viewed the original sequence had higher face recognition compared to participants who viewed the scrambled sequence. However, our planned comparisons did not reveal a greater effect of conceptual knowledge on face recognition after consolidation. In an exploratory analysis, we found that overlap in conceptual knowledge between participants was significantly correlated with the overlap in face recognition. We also found that this relationship was greater after a period of consolidation. Together, these findings provide new insights into the role of non-visual, conceptual knowledge for face recognition during natural viewing.