Conceptual Criteria Research Articles

Государственное регулирование туризма в Российской Федерации в контексте динамики международных отношений

The article analyzes the internal and external factors influencing the development of tourism, including government policy, economic trends, infrastructural opportunities and international cooperation. Special attention is paid to the conceptual criteria defining tourism as a change of location, temporary stay and non-commercial travel purposes. The authors of the article consider the current trends and risks associated with tourism in Russia, as well as consider strategies and measures that can contribute to the sustainable development of the tourism industry in the country. The article offers a comprehensive approach to assessing the tourism potential of Russian regions, emphasizing the importance of separating attractiveness and quality of service in order to optimize tourist flows and increase the attractiveness of Russian tourism for both domestic and foreign visitors.

Who is really an excellent university student and how to identify them? A development of a comprehensive framework of excellence in higher education

This paper addresses the need for a more comprehensive framework of excellence in higher education, which goes beyond academic achievement alone, placing emphasis on its integration with personal characteristics, and acknowledging the diversity in the student population. Two research studies were conducted to establish this comprehensive framework. The pilot study aimed to offer a conceptual definition of the excellent university student according to the perceptions of the academic community. The study, which involved 26 teachers and 159 students, was informed by teacher interviews, student essays, and focus group discussions. The established conceptual framework of excellence was based on a subset of essential attributes that could be embodied by a real student. The conceptual framework comprises facets of expertness, proactive learning, and being a good person organised within the dimensions of educational and personal excellence. It is complemented by academic achievement and underpinned by genuine study motivation. Building upon the findings of the pilot study, the main study aimed to develop and implement a systematic procedure for identifying excellent students. The study, which involved 53 teachers and 112 students, was based on a multisource assessment of multiple contextually relevant criteria of excellence. The identification procedure involved three phases: teacher nomination and assessment, academic achievement assessment, and peer assessment. As a result, 10 excellent students were identified who met all the conceptual criteria of excellence. In conclusion, this paper presents a comprehensive conceptual and methodological framework for defining and identifying excellent university students, grounded in both theoretical principles and empirical findings.

도덕과교육과 부정적 수업

Moral education as a subject is based on the simple belief that moral education can and should be achieved through instruction. However, as Kohlberg’s moral development theory and its influence on Moral Education clearly illustrate, the various theoretical approaches that are influencing Moral Education today have inherent limitations that distinguish them from Moral Education. The distinction ‘in nature’ means that the various theoretical approaches are not theoretical explanations of the moral instructional activity that communicates moral knowledge. Today’s Moral Education tends to be influenced by theoretical approaches that don’t pay due attention to the situations that communicate moral knowledge. This trend resulted in the task of moral instructional activity being replaced by the educational prescriptions provided by each approach. Based on this idea, this study starts from the question ‘What is instruction?’ and focuses on exploring what Moral Education is that satisfies the concept of instruction and what it looks like. Satisfying the concept of instruction should be understood as meeting the conceptual criteria of education, which include communicating ‘something of value’, causing ‘cognitive change’, and ‘the process must be ethical’. In particular, negative instruction is noteworthy in that it faithfully exemplifies moral instructional activity that satisfies the concept of education.

Models of Introspection vs. Introspective Devices Testing the Research Programme for Possible Forms of Introspection

The introspective devices framework proposed by Kammerer and Frankish (this issue) offers an attractive conceptual tool for evaluating and developing accounts of introspection. However, the framework assumes that different views about the nature of introspection can be easily evaluated against a set of common criteria. In this paper, I set out to test this assumption by analysing two formal models of introspection using the introspective device framework. The question I aim to answer is not only whether models developed outside of philosophy can be successfully evaluated against the set of conceptual criteria proposed by Kammerer and Frankish, but also whether this kind of evaluation can reveal some limitations inherent to the framework.

Do we understand each other when we develop and implement hip fracture models of care? A systematic review with narrative synthesis

BackgroundA hip fracture in an older person is a devastating injury. It impacts functional mobility, independence and survival. Models of care may provide a means for delivering integrated hip fracture...

Conceptualizing "positive attributes" across psychological perspectives.

The growth of positive psychology has birthed debate on the nature of what "positive" really means. Conceptualizations of positive attributes vary across psychological perspectives, and it appears these definitional differences stem from standards for "positive" espoused by three normative ethical frameworks: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. When definitions of "positive" do not align with one of these ethical schools, it appears researchers rely on preference to distinguish positive attributes. In either case, issues arise when researchers do not make their theoretical alignment explicit, leading to value-laden, often subjective criteria being smuggled into science as a description of what is positive. To foster a deeper critical understanding of the different approaches, we examine how these conceptual definitions of positive attributes (mis)align with their ethical traditions or fail to align with an ethical school. We review several positive attribute theories across psychological disciplines that serve as examples of the ethical and non-ethical sources of "positivity." Through this, we assess the conceptual criteria for what each approach considers "positive," note the degree of alignment between definition and ethical school, and draw attention to potential issues. We advance the conceptual assessment of positive attributes by considering the implications of failing to explicitly address the theoretical foundation from which a construct is defined.

Tax loss carryforwards: valuation of deferred tax assets

In the article, a comparative analysis of modern approaches to the assessment of deferred tax assets recognized for tax losses is carried out. The ambiguity of tax losses as an object of accounting observation is substantiated. Positive and negative effects of tax losses that do not allow to objectively qualify tax benefits as assets in accordance with conceptual criteria for their recognition are characterised. Prospective and retrospective factors for assessing the future recovery of deferred tax assets are presented. An example of accounting entries regarding recognition and recovery of tax losses using a valuation account is provided. The timing of prospective analysis is justified. Conservative and affirmative approaches to the assessment of tax losses in the financial accounting system are described. Based on the findings of the study, conclusions are given, and lines of future research are suggested.

Design Process of Lifting Crane Capacity of 300 Kilogram at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia

Indonesia has long coastal line surrounding the country, so it becomes a maritime country. Due to this situation, the country was endowed to numerous trading via sea by utilizing numerous harbors. In harbors, there were several activities specifically about heavy equipment lifting and loading. To uplift the heavy equipment, it is necessary to develop such tools which capable to result the lifting force. Lifting crane which extensively used for heavy equipment lifting is designed to tackle that problem. The design process of lifting crane involves several efforts of planning, design process, and numerical simulation. The planning step used initial and conceptual criteria based on references. Afterwards, the design process was developed by using computer aided design of Solidworks. The numerical simulation was carried out by using ANSYS R2 2020. The design process of lifting crane has successfully done which present a comprehensive framework to model the lifting crane of capacity 300 kilograms. The resulted design of lifting crane also meets with the safety requirement for heavy equipment lifting and loading. Therefore, the result of this research would facilitate PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia to improve the lifting crane tool with high safety and robust loading capacity.

Studying Democracy in Europe: Conceptualization, Measurement and Indices

AbstractGiven the academic and media salience of democracy and its measurement, in this contribution we take a closer look at the various existing datasets. For this purpose, in the first two sections we look at democratic conceptualization and measurement, and then focus on the most used datasets on democracy and assess them against the conceptual criteria illustrated in the first section. The third section focuses on the notion of quality of democracy and how it has advanced the understanding of contemporary democracies. The subsequent section illustrates changes in democratic scoring in European countries over the past 15 years. Our results show that democracy has not become more robust in European countries: on the contrary, several countries witnessed significant democratic deterioration. Furthermore, we show that – with the exception of Polity – the indexes analysed are highly correlated and therefore could be equally useful for an ongoing analysis of European democracies.

The criterion problem in cross-cultural performance research

The criterion problem is a serious conceptual and methodological challenge that has confronted investigators and managers in the organizational sciences for over 100 years. This paper is an introduction to the criterion problem and some of the complex, multifaceted issues it encompasses. It defines and discusses important concepts (e.g. the problem itself, conceptual criteria, operational criteria). It explores broad dilemmas that afflict all types of criteria and narrower dilemmas that are more individually relevant to criteria traditionally considered objective or subjective. It concludes by examining prospects for the criterion problem both in general and within cross-cultural management.

Water flow modeling in bounded gas-bearing fractured geological strata: A semi-analytical and experimental study

Underground water disposal is a technique for wastewater management, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), or artificial groundwater/aquifer recharge. Host layers might be naturally or even hydraulically fractured which can significantly increase the permeability of the medium where a linear flow geometry around the vertical fractures intersecting the wells is expected. In fact, each of flow from wellbore (injection point) to fracture as well as fracture-matrix flow may be linear in different conditions of fracture conductivity. When both are linear it is named “bilinear flow” in hydraulic fracture appications equivalent to “fully linear flow” in this study. In this paper, a semi-analytical solution is presented for transient saturation of injected water in naturally/hydraulically fractured gas-bearing rocks with linear flow in both wellbore-fracture and fracture-matrix spacings. The solution is general and can be used for either unsaturated soils or depleted reservoirs which are defined with no-flow boundaries. To do so, proposed semi-analytical model was validated with experimental results, based on waterflood testing apparatus in an artificially fractured core-plug which showed a very good matching. In addition to introducing new sets of type curves to delineate water saturation in both matrix and fracture in both constant terminal rate and saturation (CTR and CTS) inner boundary conditions, we defined the average water velocity ratio (AWVR), a conceptual criterion, to assess if CTS and CTR water storage can be logically compared. Results derived based on this concept are: 1) more speedy movement of water front along the last four-fifth of the fracture length by CTR and 2) higher matrix blocks storativity neighboring the first half of the straight fracture plane by CTS. Solutions from our model can directly simulate the unsteady behavior of saturation variations along the fracture and across the rock matrix versus time for an underground water injection problem. Ultimately, this can assist engineers to have an easy spatiotemporal estimation of water storage in the matrix of the host formation.

Adoption of e-government by Indonesian state universities: An application of Technology Acceptance Model

E-government is the use of internet platforms to deliver governmental services to citizens with the goal of improving government efficiency, transparency, and participation. This study aims to find out what factors determine the rate at which public university in Indonesians accept e-government services. This study uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). TAM is a traditional model of technology diffusion that is an essential conceptual criterion. It drives acceptance consisting of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The results of this paper back up the original TAM hypothesis. Based on the data collected and analyzed, the study concludes that three influencing factors, namely perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), and perceived risk (PR), are significantly related to the intention to use e-commerce government. However, trust and social influence do not significantly affect the intention to use e-government services. This paper has significant implications for policymakers and government officials who want to see the growth of e-government usage in Indonesia. When attempting to market a new online system from the perspective of human-computer interaction, it becomes evident that designers must consider how users perceive the risks.

How to assess investments in industry 4.0 technologies? A multiple-criteria framework for economic, financial, and sociotechnical factors

Companies that want to adopt Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies may face difficulties evaluating the return on I4.0 investments. The complexity of implementing such technologies and uncertainties regarding the technological requirements, benefits, and organizational impacts make investment decisions challenging in this context. We propose an investment appraisal framework for I4.0 technologies adoption based on a multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach. Using the Innovation Diffusion and Sociotechnical theories, we build a framework with three main stages (knowledge, persuasion, and decision) to guide practitioners through an analysis of I4.0 investments from three different perspectives: Economic, Financial, and Sociotechnical factors. We provide conceptual criteria for investment appraisal and a methodological approach to combine quantitative and qualitative data for the comparative assessment. We show an empirical application of this framework to assess ten I4.0 technology projects proposed in a multinational company. The application helps to illustrate the use of this tool. It brings new practical insights into how to organize I4.0 investment projects into the following categories: strategic or structuring, value-creating, and side investments. We also show the need to include several qualitative requirements and benefits in the technology evaluation to obtain a more robust view of Industry 4.0 investment priorities.

Pharmacotherapy for Sexual Dysfunction in Women.

This review article discusses the controversy in the DSM-5 conceptualization and diagnostic criteria for female sexual dysfunction (FSD). An overview of recent studies on available treatments for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD), and genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPD) is provided. Include delineation of the process of care for pre- and postmenopausal women with HSDD; release of global position statement on testosterone therapy in women; updates on efficacy and safety of vaginal estrogen for genitourinary syndrome of menopause and bremelanotide for HSDD; removal of flibanserin alcohol REMS; and development of new technology to enhance bioavailability and brain delivery of treatments. The DSM-5 revision combining HSDD and FSAD into one diagnostic category is a less accurate characterization of these separate disorders and may hinder access to demonstrated effective treatments for the women with these conditions. There are a wide range of pharmacological, other physiological, and psychological treatment options available for women with FSD, which can be offered based on their specific symptoms, potential benefits/risks, and preferences.

Provision of Assistive Resources for Patrons with Visual Impairment within Academic Libraries in the Midlands Province, Zimbabwe

The study assessed the strategies that academic libraries in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe could adopt to enhance the provision of assistive resources to patrons with visual impairment. The assessment grew out of the realisation that even though the introduction of assistive resources within academic libraries in the 20th century impacted positively on such libraries, their uptake in developing countries, including Zimbabwe, is inadequate, uninspiring, and fragmented. A qualitative research approach was adopted. The sample constituted five academic libraries that met the conceptual criteria of academic libraries in the study, 32 patrons with visual impairment, 12 library staff members, five lecturers who teach special needs education, four staff members from student services, and six Zimbabwe Library Association members who were purposively sampled. Questerviews, interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis were used to generate data for the study. The study established that the libraries faced varied challenges in providing assistive resources to the visually impaired patrons, which mostly included inadequate equipment and infrastructure, a lack of budget and financial resources, inadequate training and development, the attitude of library staff members, and a lack of national legislation. The study noted the need for the libraries to implement creative and unique solutions, which include sourcing for donations, undertaking crowdfunding initiatives or establishing public-private partnerships (PPPs). The study also underscored the need for the establishment of Disability Resource Centres in each library under study. In addition, library practitioners, through the Zimbabwe Library Association, should advocate for the establishment of national legislation that focuses on service provision to individuals with disabilities in academic institutions.

Síndrome da morte súbita do lactente no Distrito Federal, Brasil: existe evidência?

OBJECTIVES: The syndrome of sudden infant death (SIDS) affects children aged between one month and one year of age. Although it has long been reported, there is still no known cause. Although it has long been reported, there is still no known cause. The present work aims to raise the profile and prevalence of SIDS in the Federal District, Brazil. METHODS: Descriptive, transversal and retrospective study relating to deaths, beyond autopsies and the demographics of children between 28 days and one year of age was performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Federal District between 2003 and 2009. RESULTS: The number of infant deaths registered during the study period was 431. Of these, seven (1.62% of total) died while sleeping and four met the conceptual criteria. The mean age was 102.28 (±11.28) days. However, none was diagnosed as SIDS and theirs causes were analyzed. CONCLUSION: There was no report of SIDS in the Federal District between 2003-2009, contrary it was reported in South/South-Eastern of Brazil whose incidence varied between 0.13 and 1/1,000 live births. This finding suggests underdiagnosis and indicates the lack of a SIDS specific protocol for post-mortem identification. This study shows the need to implement an investigative protocol for SIDS, knowledge, and dissemination of the syndrome among health professionals and the community and shows the importance of awareness campaigns and prevention of this phenomenon.

Evaluation of the quality of state programs: the outcomes of testing of a multi-criteria model (results, problems, opportunities)

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation № 633 dated November 8, 2021 «On approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy in the field of strategic planning in the Russian Federation» among the main directions of state policy in this area, scientific and methodological support for strategic planning of socio-economic development and ensuring national security is defined [3]. Within the framework of this direction, a multi-criteria model for assessing the quality of state programs of the Russian Federation has been developed and passed initial testing. New methodological approaches have been transformed into an algorithm and assessment tools, brought to the level of draft Guidelines and tested on the example of several government programs of various formats and areas of implementation. The model includes the author's conceptual apparatus, parameters and evaluation criteria, a regulated sequence of evaluation procedures (algorithm), specific tools, a specially developed tabular format for obtaining and issuing evaluation results. The principal features of the multicriteria model were described earlier [11]. This article presents the first practical results of assessing the quality of individual state programs of the Russian Federation based on the developed model. The obtained results, in turn, can be used for further improvement of the model.

Концептуальные основы эффективности международного сотрудничества в условиях цифровых трансформаций геоэкономического пространства

Introduction. The work is devoted to the formation of new conceptual criteria for the effectiveness of international cooperation in the context of the geo-economic space digital transformations. The introduction spells out the general content of the modern geo-economic space and stipulates the need for a conceptually new approach to determining the effectiveness of interaction in this space. Theoretical analysis reveals the methodology for studying synergetic efficiency, substantiates the parameters of synergistic efficiency. Empirical analysis. The real events of the modern geo-economic space, which set the vector of synergetic efficiency of international interaction, are analyzed. Results. The content of a new geo-economic space in the context of digital transformations is disclosed. The features of international cooperation are revealed, which, due to the blurring of national borders, goes into the supranational level of interaction. The irrelevance of classical and traditional approaches to substantiating the effectiveness of cooperation in new conditions is shown, which necessitates the development of conceptually new criteria.

Artificial Intelligence, Social Media and Depression. ‘Patient’ Autonomy Revisited

"Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being developed and various applications are already used in medical practice. This development promises improvements in prediction, diagnostics and treatment decisions. As one example, in the field of psychiatry, AI systems can already successfully detect markers of mental disorders such as depression. By using data from social media (e.g. Instagram or Twitter), users who are at risk of mental disorders can be identified. This potential of AI-based depression detectors (AIDD) opens chances, such as quick and inexpensive diagnoses, but also leads to ethical challenges especially regarding users’ autonomy. The focus of the presentation is on autonomy-related ethical implications of AI systems using social media data to identify users with a high risk of suffering from depression. First, technical examples and potential usage scenarios of AIDD are introduced. Second, it is demonstrated that the traditional concept of patient autonomy according to Beauchamp and Childress does not fully account for the ethical implications associated with AIDD. Third, an extended concept of “Health-Related Digital Autonomy” (HRDA) is presented. Conceptual aspects and normative criteria of HRDA are discussed. As a result, HRDA covers the elusive area between social media users and patients. "

On the Connection between Legal Understanding and Politics and Economics

The paper is devoted to the fundamental issues of modern legal regulation, in particular, its grounds and limits. The author substantiates the position according to which the absence of certain essential imperatives of law that help direct and restrict the functioning of public authorities and other subjects, complicates the activities of the latter, concedes its inconsistency and spontaneity, creates conditions for the perception of law as a kind of "designer" of economic, political and other relations. According to the author, the lack of unified conceptual criteria in determining the essence of law leads to an imbalance in public relations, to their turbulence at all levels (national, international, etc.) and as a result has a detrimental effect on the life and security of a person, society and the state.The author notes that at the present stage of civilization development, it is the economy with its interests and principles that acts as the "nerve", as the main driving mechanism in recognizing the status of the subject state. From the author’s point of view, economic interests and relations today form the world agenda, set the tone for political and legal relations, and often directly correct the value bases of other social regulators.The author summarizes that in general, the current situation in the international legal space, associated with the lack of a generally recognized doctrine of legal understanding alongside the variability and inconsistency of views in the field of human rights and freedoms based on the natural law approach, allows some subjects to arbitrarily interpret and impose certain decisions and positions in the course of their political activities, based on their own resources and potential. This supports law usurpation, making it an instrument of manipulation and blackmail in the field of politics, economics, culture, ecology, etc. in order to create the most profitable conditions and obtaining the expected results.Thus, the natural law approach, on the one hand, needs to be rethought, transformed, on the other hand, it needs to be refined or analyzed in detail when building an original concept of legal understanding.