User-centered Design Concepts Research Articles

Determining the Criteria Related to the Preference of Contemporary Mosques by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method within the Context of User-centered Design

The concept of user-centered design has recently been accepted in contemporary design teachings and has created new perspectives in the design field. This article aims to evaluate the contemporary mosques built in Türkiye from a user-centered perspective. In this context, first of all, the concept of user-centered design was included and the necessity of a pluralistic environment in decision-making processes was emphasized in order to create an ideal publicity phenomenon. In the context of the conceptual framework created, contemporary mosque examples built in the 21st century were selected and presented to the preference of architect and non-architect participant groups. Decision criteria that are thought to affect the choice of participants are aesthetic value, material and workmanship, dimensions of the building, religious symbols in the building, and the brand value of the building. These factors, which may be effective in the choice of contemporary mosques, were evaluated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. Accordingly, it was observed that the main criteria constituting the contemporary mosque preferences of the architect group were aesthetics, the brand value of the building, material, and workmanship criteria. On the other hand, the main criterion constituting the contemporary mosque preferences of the non-architect group was the presence of religious symbols. Accordingly, it was observed that architectural profession ideologies affected and differentiated the reasons for preference. As a result, it was concluded that the ideology of the architectural profession is effective in the construction process of the contemporary built environment.

AI and BDA impact on Stakeholders' Responses to Education Technology Adoption

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the impact of AI and BDA in education in the light of stakeholder apprehensions by examining the complex interplay between issues connected to AI and several other elements such as the integration of AI, use of BDA, past technological experience, computer anxiety, societal uneasiness, and the incorporation of user-centred design principles. This provides valuable perspectives and approaches for effectively incorporating AI into the field of education, with a particular focus on the significance of cultural context and diversity.
 Methodology: A structured questionnaire survey was conducted with a total of 398 participants. Various distribution mechanisms were employed for data collection. Using Likert-type scales, the survey evaluated the levels of AI-induced anxiety, AI integration, BDA, previous technological experience, computer and social anxiety, and user-centered design. To determine the trustworthiness and accuracy of the measuring tool, an initial evaluation was conducted using Cronbach's Alpha and inter-item correlations. Following this, statistical methods were utilised to conduct hypothesis testing and examine the correlations between constructs during data analysis.
 Findings: The research indicates that BDA has a positive effect, while AI-induced apprehension (AIA) detrimentally impacts AI integration in education. Previous technological experience enhances individuals' confidence and motivation when integrating technology into their lives. However, computer and social anxiety are obstacles and lead to hesitancy and resistance. The concept of User-Centered Design facilitates the integration process by emphasising the development of intuitive interfaces that are easy for users to navigate. The function of cultural context is of great importance in AI and user-centred design, as well as in individuals' prior technological experience.
 Value: The value of this research is to offer valuable perspectives and practical resolutions for enhancing the adoption of technology in the field of education while considering the influence of cultural diversity. This endeavour effectively acknowledges a significant deficiency in the existing body of scholarly work and contributes to the ongoing discourse on incorporating technology in educational settings worldwide.

Assessing user preferences for design characteristics of oral dissolvable strips for pediatric HIV medication: a qualitative study

BackgroundCurrent infant antiretroviral therapy formulations pose barriers to daily adherence due to complex weight-based dosing, conspicuous preparation, and poor palatability. These adherence barriers jeopardize adherence, making patients vulnerable to virologic failure, development of drug resistance, and preventable mortality. Our team has previously established proof-of-principle for multi-drug oral dissolvable strips as alternative pediatric antiretroviral formulations with the potential to overcome these challenges and improve pediatric ART adherence and outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess caregiver and provider preferences for oral dissolvable strips and its packaging to inform its development.MethodsGuided by concepts of user-centered design, we conducted key informant interviews with 30 HIV care providers and focus group discussions targeting caregivers of children < 10 years of age living with HIV at 3 Kenyan hospitals. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were audio recorded, translated/transcribed verbatim, and hand coded for a-priori and emergent themes.ResultsA total of 30 providers and 72 caregivers (caring for 83 children, aged 5 months to 18 years) participated in the study. Caregivers and providers expressed a strong desire for an easier way to administer medication, especially among children too young to swallow tablets whole, and expressed enthusiasm around the idea of oral dissolvable strips. Key preferences included a pleasant taste; one strip per dose; small size with rapid dissolution; clear markings and instructions; and no special storage requirements. For packaging, stakeholders preferred individually wrapped strips within a dispenser. The individual packaging should be durable, waterproof, and easy to dispose of in communal spaces. They should also be easy to open, with clear indications where to open. The packaging holding the strips should be durable, re-usable, accommodating of various refill frequencies, and easy to use for children as young as 6.DiscussionThe concept of oral dissolvable strips was highly acceptable to caregivers of children living with HIV and HIV care providers. By engaging stakeholders in an iterative design process starting from the early phases of design and development, we will maximize the likelihood of developing a product that is acceptable to the caregiver and infant, therefore leading to sustainable adherence.

DESIGN UI/UX E-LEARNING ENGLISH MOBILE USING USER CENTERED DESIGN (UCD) METHOD

E-learning English Mobile application design is a Mobile-based application design needed by SMAN 2 Purwakarta for future learning purposes. With this application design SMAN 2 Purwakarta has a picture of learning applications that will facilitate students and teachers in learning and teaching activities.&#x0D; In this application design research, there are several methods that are widely used by previous researchers. One of the methods used in this research is the User Centered Design (UCD) method which is a new method in system development. UCD is a language that is widely applied in describing designs. The concept of UCD is the user as the center of the system development process, and the goals, the system environment are all based on the user experience.&#x0D; The results of this study produced a learning application prototype, namely E-learning English Mobile. After testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS). The average value obtained is 78. It can be concluded that the design of the E-Learning English Mobile application is acceptable because it meets the Acceptable category

Usability testing of Healthcare Devices: A review of the current UX methods used for usability testing of healthcare devices

This literature review examines the state of usability testing in medical device design, focusing on techniques and instruments used for assessing user-centered design. The analysis includes 30 studies from various fields, such as telemedicine, assistive technology, and healthcare devices. The review discusses different UX analysis techniques, their benefits and their drawbacks. Usability testing is critical in healthcare equipment design, utilizing various approaches and metrics. However, the analysis also highlights significant obstacles that need to be addressed, such as the need for more rigorous testing procedures and the application of user-centered design concepts. Overall, the review underscores the importance of usability testing in creating user-friendly, secure, and efficient medical equipment that benefits both patients and medical professionals.

Development and evaluation of a COVID tracking system to support provision of social service in Wyandotte County, Kansas.

In addition to the state-mandated case investigation and contact tracing, the Unified Government Public Health Department of Wyandotte County, Kansas implemented social support services for COVID-19 cases and contacts; however, did not have the systems in place to document the provision of these services. Our team worked with the health department to develop and implement the COVID Tracking System (CTS), an eHealth system that linked multiple involved teams. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of the CTS. The objective of this manuscript is to describe and evaluate the development and implementation process of the Covid Tracking System. Drawing from concepts of user-centered design, we took a 4-phase approach to development: understanding context, specifying needs, designing solutions, and evaluating. A mixed-methods evaluation of the development and implementation process using RE-AIM was conducted. Quantitative CTS data captured between February 1, 2021, and September 30, 2021 were exported. Descriptive statistics were calculated for categorical variables and means (SD, range) or median (IQR) for continuous variables. Qualitative discussions with key users supplemented the quantitative data. There were 1,152 cases entered into the CTS, of whom 307 (26.6%) requested a letter be sent to their workplace to excuse them during their quarantine period, 817 (70.9%) requested and had food and cleaning supplies delivered, 21 (1.8%) requested guidance on applying for federal assistance, and 496 (43.1%) requested to be contacted by a community health worker. While a few technical glitches slowed down early implementation, these were quickly resolved and key users felt that the CTS streamlined client referral and simplified their workflow, allowing them to spend more time on patient care and follow up, rather than documentation. After study implementation ended, the Unified Government Public Health Department of Wyandotte County continued using the CTS for client tracing and follow up. This project provides a roadmap of how user centered design can be applied to the development and evaluation of eHealth software to support program intervention implementation, even in situations where urgent action is needed.

App Design Features Important for Diabetes Self-management as Determined by the Self-Determination Theory on Motivation: Content Analysis of Survey Responses From Adults Requiring Insulin Therapy.

Using a diabetes app can improve glycemic control; however, the use of diabetes apps is low, possibly due to design issues that affect patient motivation. This study aimed to describes how adults with diabetes requiring insulin perceive diabetes apps based on 3 key psychological needs (competence, autonomy, and connectivity) described by the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) on motivation. This was a qualitative analysis of data collected during a crossover randomized laboratory trial (N=92) testing 2 diabetes apps. Data sources included (1) observations during app testing and (2) survey responses on desired app features. Guided by the SDT, coding categories included app functions that could address psychological needs for motivation in self-management: competence, autonomy, and connectivity. Patients described design features that addressed needs for competence, autonomy, and connectivity. To promote competence, electronic data recording and analysis should help patients track and understand blood glucose (BG) results necessary for planning behavior changes. To promote autonomy, BG trend analysis should empower patients to set safe and practical personalized behavioral goals based on time and the day of the week. To promote connectivity, app email or messaging function could share data reports and communicate with others on self-management advice. Additional themes that emerged are the top general app designs to promote positive user experience: patient-friendly; automatic features of data upload; voice recognition to eliminate typing data; alert or reminder on self-management activities; and app interactivity of a sound, message, or emoji change in response to keeping or not keeping BG in the target range. The application of the SDT was useful in identifying motivational app designs that address the psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and connectivity. User-centered design concepts, such as being patient-friendly, differ from the SDT because patients need a positive user experience (ie, a technology need). Patients want engaging diabetes apps that go beyond data input and output. Apps should be easy to use, provide personalized analysis reports, be interactive to affirm positive behaviors, facilitate data sharing, and support patient-clinician communication.

Exploring the Intersection of Engineering and Medicine Through a Neuroscience Challenge Laboratory.

The medical curriculum is charged with training medical students who can possess both the technical and contextual abilities to adapt to the transformational world of medicine. This new objective would require incorporating engineering principles into the medical curriculum, which was formed by the University of Illinois as the Carle Illinois College of Medicine. As a fully integrated engineering based medical school, students partake in active learning modules that develop their quantitative, innovative, and entrepreneurship skills. An example of the active learning component of the curriculum is the "Neuroscience Engineering Challenge Lab." The purpose of this study was to explore students' perception of the lab and learn how the active-learning curriculum via the design thinking labs can be enhanced. Using a paired samples t test of pre- and post-survey results, we found that the students did not statistically gain a better understanding of the design thinking process (p = 0.052), which is expected due to the majority of students having an engineering background. Contrarily, the lab increased students' understanding of ideation tools (p = 0.003), user-centered design concepts (p = 0.004), preparing a business plan pitch (p = 0.027), and students felt better prepared for their IDEA and Capstone project (p = 0.010). Based on the results, students are becoming more confident with understanding, experience, and applying these specific tools and skills. Therefore, the medical curriculum should provide opportunities for students to develop and apply their innovation skills through active-learning activities such as a Neuroscience Engineering Challenge Lab.

The Configuration of Older Users as Drivers of Innovation in the Design of Digital Technologies

This paper develops hypotheses on the discovery of older people as "users" in the publicly funded development of digital technologies and underlying innovation policy motives. We then describe the effects of this innovation policy on the development of products and older people as their users in the context of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). To this end, we reconstruct the involvement of users in two AAL funding programs, one at the European level and one at the national level (Germany). Based on this, we discuss the resulting consequences by describing how older people are configured as users in technology development with a focus on the concept of user-centered design (UCD) and what this configuration means for the developed technologies as well as for the older users. We describe how the participation of older people in technology development projects is a complex task that is not without controversy in social science research on user participation. We conclude by arguing for alternative technology development strategies and funding practices.

Game Edukasi Introduksi Bilangan dan Operasi Aritmatika dengan Penerapan Algoritma Fisher–Yates Shuffle

The introduction of numbers and arithmetic operations is basic learning in Mathematics aimed at students at the kindergarten level, where the learning method is still conventional and tedious. The solution that can be applied is to use an android educational game using the Fisher-Yates Shuffle method. useful in obtaining random permutations of a series of questions that allow the arrangement of similar questions to be impossible to appear again while avoiding students remembering the questions and their answers. The idea of making games is to create a new impression and make it easier to learn the introduction of numbers and arithmetic operations. The technique used is Game Development Life Cycle and Android-based Unity 3D software in the development of this educational game application. The application of the concept of User-Centered Design (UCD) is used in the evaluation in measuring game excellence with a Playability testing approach in the form of 4 criteria, namely gameplay, usability, mobility, and game story. The questionnaire was filled out by 10 respondents, namely kindergarten students with the assistance of their parents. Based on the assessment, it is determined that this game gets a score where gameplay is 75%, usability is 75%, mobility is 70%, and the game story is 70%. support kindergarten students in learning number introduction and arithmetic operations.

Design and Application of Automobile Intelligent Instrument Panel Interface

This article first investigates the functions and styles of automotive dashboards on the market, and summarizes some of the existing problems and user pain points. Combining emerging technologies and user needs, analyze the functions and technologies that are helpful to the driver, thereby improving the safety of the driver’s operation. This research uses the user-centered design concept and explores the intelligent and humanized dashboard design to replace the display of the car’s central control screen. The dashboard adopts an innovative form that combines a steering wheel and a game handle, which gives it a sense of technology and speed, and improves the safety and cognition of users.

Efforts to increase public participation in assessment information systems use User-Centered Design

Web-based information services in government agencies have various types of designations, such as public information and as a means of assisting the government in making decisions. However, the environment may affect the community so that the ability to comprehend information and the desire to provide information is not optimal. There are information gaps, and the government has difficulty in getting information directly from the public. Therefore, technology-based information systems are important to study in order to reduce information gaps in government institutions. The purpose of this research is for the public to understand easily and increase public participation in the use of technology-based information services using websites. This study discusses the desired website information system in the government based on the User-Centered Design concept to support the successful use in the future. Using a qualitative approach, the focus of this study is the Assessment Information System in the city of Bandung. The results of the study show that there is a need for improvement in terms of design, content, and competent human resources so as to increase public participation and be more optimal in the use of such websites.

Design and Preliminary Validation of a Lightweight Powered Exoskeleton During Level Walking for Persons With Paraplegia.

Upright-legged locomotion is a desirable ability for people with paraplegia. This paper introduces a newly developed lightweight powered exoskeleton (LIPE) for level walking and posture transfer of people with paraplegia using a user-centered design concept, which integrates the requirements of practical use, mechanical structure, and control system. The LIPE was evaluated with two subjects through several experimental tasks including kinematics and dynamics analysis in a local hospital. Results of functional evaluation showed that these subjects received the exoskeleton intervention well and the LIPE could provide appropriate gait assistance to the wearer during level walking, it could also help the wearer achieve the posture transfer from sitting to standing or from standing to sitting independently. Moreover, an endurance test also indicated that LIPE allows wearers to use it continuously for a long time. It is lightweight, cost effective, easy to use, and practical for people with paraplegia in their daily lives.

A User-centered Decision-aiding Process for Selecting Power Analysis Tools.

A priori power analyses have become increasingly popular in scientific communities, but the practice has not been widely discussed by HFE researchers. Given the complexity of conducting such analyses, software tools are essential. We review the emergence and current state of power analysis software tools, and use the concept of User-Centered Design as an analytical lens for examining the relationship between researchers' needs and power analysis tools' characteristics. Centering on users' wants and needs, we propose a decision-aiding process to assist researchers in identifying appropriate power analysis tools. This process consists of five user-centered considerations - two functional criteria (software input; software output) and three usability heuristics (learnability; ease of use; accessibility) - which are organized into a workflow. These criteria and heuristics are translated into questions that researchers should go through during the decision process. We illustrate use of the decision-aiding process with three example scenarios and lay out implications for researchers.

Effects of the multisensory rehabilitation product for home-based hand training after stroke on cortical activation by using NIRS methods

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effects of the multisensory rehabilitation product for stroke patients on cortical activation response through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). MethodsThe music rehabilitation glove (MRG), multisensory rehabilitation product, was developed with a user-centered design concept. The 40-channel NIRS system monitored the cortical activation changes in the motor cortex (MC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), temporal lobe (TL) and occipital lobe (OL) of 22 young subjects during "sequential finger-to-thumb opposition movements (SFTOM)" phase of traditional training and "musical finger-to-thumb opposition movements (MFTOM)" phase of MRG training. ResultsThe two phases of training showed significant activation (P < 0.05) in the cerebral cortex compared with baseline, with more activation during MFTOM in the MC, PFC and TL. Compared with SFTOM, there were 22 channels of cortical activation in MFTOM that had significant enhancements (P < 0.05). There was also a significant positive correlation between the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex in the cortical activation. ConclusionsAccording to these results, MFTOM-induced cortical activation in the MC, PFC and TL with visual, auditory and tactile stimuli was stronger than SFTOM, providing evidence that the multisensory stimulation is more beneficial to cortical activation and cognitive control to promote neurological recovery.

The Development of Research Recommendation System for Southern Thailand Development

The research was to identify needs on design and development of a research recommendation system for 14 southern province Thailand development. The system employs semantic search function, research system structure and scope of knowledge during January 2008 to December 2017. 3,873 entries had been gathered from Thai Library Integrated System (ThaiLIS), Thai National Research Repository (TNRR), and Southern universities research database by employing textual analysis and knowledge organization focusing on Classification Approach and categorization which main topics are sorted and categorized. To develop ontology, it applies knowledge engineering concept and using Protege Ontology Editor version 3.5 beta and version 5.5 beta to process the data for the accurate system development according to user-centered design concept. The study findings were the developed system is able to support information exchange, information retrieval, and research search and to decrease research redundancy and unnecessary budgeting. Moreover, the system could possible enhance conducting more innovations, confirming experts in the area, showing research trends, and showing research results on related fields, strategies, and problems which leads to the Southern developments extensively. After the implementation, the users’ overall opinions and satisfaction was at a high level (X= 4.14, S.D = 0.14) and information retrieval efficiency of system was at a good level (overall = 0.70-0.88) with 0.70 accuracy, 0.78 recall, 0.88 precision, and 0.82 F-measure.

A Human⁻Machine Interface Based on Eye Tracking for Controlling and Monitoring a Smart Home Using the Internet of Things.

People with severe disabilities may have difficulties when interacting with their home devices due to the limitations inherent to their disability. Simple home activities may even be impossible for this group of people. Although much work has been devoted to proposing new assistive technologies to improve the lives of people with disabilities, some studies have found that the abandonment of such technologies is quite high. This work presents a new assistive system based on eye tracking for controlling and monitoring a smart home, based on the Internet of Things, which was developed following concepts of user-centered design and usability. With this system, a person with severe disabilities was able to control everyday equipment in her residence, such as lamps, television, fan, and radio. In addition, her caregiver was able to monitor remotely, by Internet, her use of the system in real time. Additionally, the user interface developed here has some functionalities that allowed improving the usability of the system as a whole. The experiments were divided into two steps. In the first step, the assistive system was assembled in an actual home where tests were conducted with 29 participants without disabilities. In the second step, the system was tested with online monitoring for seven days by a person with severe disability (end-user), in her own home, not only to increase convenience and comfort, but also so that the system could be tested where it would in fact be used. At the end of both steps, all the participants answered the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire, which showed that both the group of participants without disabilities and the person with severe disabilities evaluated the assistive system with mean scores of 89.9 and 92.5, respectively.

Design and Application of User-Centered Design Concept in Smart City

Design and Application of User-Centered Design Concept in Smart City

Design and Development of a Portable Exoskeleton for Hand Rehabilitation.

Improvement in hand function to promote functional recovery is one of the major goals of stroke rehabilitation. This paper introduces a newly developed exoskeleton for hand rehabilitation with a user-centered design concept, which integrates the requirements of practical use, mechanical structure, and control system. The paper also evaluated the function with two prototypes in a local hospital. Results of functional evaluation showed that significant improvements were found in ARAT (P = 0.014), WMFT (P = 0.020), and FMA_WH (P = 0.021). Increase in the mean values of FMA_SE was observed but without significant difference (P = 0.071). The improvement in ARAT score reflects the motor recovery in hand and finger functions. The increased FMA scores suggest there is a motor improvement in the whole upper limb, and especially in the hand after the training. The product met patients' requirements and has practical significance. It is portable, cost-effective, easy to use and supports multiple control modes to adapt to different rehabilitation phases.

Tenets for Social Accessibility

Despite years of addressing disability in technology design and advocating user-centered design practices, popular mainstream technologies remain largely inaccessible for people with disabilities. We conducted a design course study investigating how student designers regard disability and explored how designing for multiple disabled and nondisabled users encouraged students to think about accessibility in the design process. Across two university course offerings one year apart, we examined how students focused on a design project while learning user-centered design concepts and techniques, working with people with and without disabilities throughout the project. In addition, we compared how students incorporated disability-focused design approaches within a classroom setting. We found that designing for multiple stakeholders with and without disabilities expanded student understanding of accessible design by demonstrating that people with the same disability could have diverse needs and by aligning such needs with those of nondisabled users. We also found that using approaches targeted toward designing for people with disabilities complemented interactions with users, particularly with regard to managing varying abilities across users, or incorporating social aspects. Our findings contribute to an understanding about how we might incur change in design practice by working with multiple stakeholders with and without disabilities whenever possible. We refined Design for Social Accessibility by incorporating these findings into three tenets emphasizing: (1) design for disability ought to incorporate users with and without disabilities, (2) design should address functional and social factors simultaneously, and (3) design should include tools to spur consideration of social factors in accessible design.