Concept Of Urban Design Research Articles

PENINGKATAN KENYAMANAN TERMAL TAMAN KOTA MELALUI MODEL TAMAN AIR BERARSITEKTUR TRADISONAL BALI

Thermal comfort is a crucial aspect in designing outdoor spaces such as urban parks. Traditional Balinese water gardens have the potential to enhance thermal comfort through the application of water elements and traditional architectural concepts. Previous research by Wirya et al. (2017) identified three models of traditional Balinese water gardens with optimal thermal comfort levels. However, the application of these models in modern urban parks has not been extensively studied. This research aims to develop an optimal urban park design concept in terms of thermal comfort by applying traditional Balinese water garden models. The method used is experimental, employing simulation techniques using Envi-met software. The research objects are three urban parks in Bali: Taman Kota Alit in Tabanan Regency, Lapangan Astina in Gianyar Regency, and Lapangan Kapten Mudita in Bangli Regency. The results show that the application of traditional Balinese water garden models can improve thermal comfort in urban parks. The distribution patterns of air temperature and humidity are more evenly spread with the presence of water elements and vegetation arranged according to traditional Balinese concepts. Wind speed is also better controlled, creating a more comfortable microclimate. The resulting design concept can serve as a recommendation for designing urban parks that are optimal in terms of thermal comfort while maintaining local architectural values.

Deprioritising cars beyond rerouting: Future research directions of the Barcelona Superblock

The Barcelona Superblock is an urban transformation strategy that has gained considerable momentum in the last few years and holds the promise to transform neighbourhoods and cities to be more liveable and sustainable by deprioritising cars. The implementation of Superblocks in different geographies reveals a flexible conceptual interpretation and adaptation. Here, a combination of mobility, street transformation, and ancillary measures is proposed to form the core of successful Superblock implementation. A critical perspective reveals challenges and research needs for a future research agenda along five domains: to quantify sustainability impacts, to perform integrated analysis, to determine optimal locations for implementation, to explore costs and to establish ways for their rapid realisation. Research along these domains is put forward to inform and guide the transformation of public street space to tackle liveability, urbanisation, climate adaptation and climate mitigation. The Superblock is an urban design concept that seeks to bring about a sustainability transition not only in re-arranging routes for cars but also in assigning space to alternative uses. For successful transfer policy transfer, increased evidence-based quantification of positive sustainability impacts and pursuing an integrative agenda that justifies Superblock location choices are argued for, including establishing specific street designs to achieve multiple sustainability impacts.

Ideation, deviation, persistence, and implementation – Six decades of pedestrianization in Antwerp’s urban core

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the process behind the post-war pedestrianization of the urban core of Antwerp, Belgium and specifically the role of the urban design imaginary of pedestrianized public spaces in this process. It investigates how pedestrianization as an urban design concept and image first arrived in Antwerp, how it evolved over time, and how it contributed to the implementation of pedestrian projects across the urban core. The research underscores the persistence of the idea of pedestrianization beyond individual actors, across time, and through political processes. The eventual pedestrianization of Antwerp’s urban core and its main shopping street the Meir represents the realization, maturation and evolution of the urban design idea that had persisted and circulated for decades. This research stands as an example of how urban design concepts are shared, adapted, and localized across national, ideological, and professional divides. The process of pedestrianization in Antwerp provides generalizable case study of how urban design concepts may adapt and be realized in pluralistic stakeholder settings over time. Though the conceptual roots of pedestrianization are grounded within modernism, its implementation process evolved into something much more tactical and flexible than the original modernist comprehensive plan.

An Evaluative Study to Determine the Extent of Shat Al-Arab Corniche Design Conformity with Active Urban Design Principles

The trend of active urban design appeared in the year 2005, and as a result of the increasing factors encouraging inactivity and lack of physical activity, cities began to move towards active urban design to make physical activity part of daily practices in the urban environment, which supports the health of its residents. The research dealt with the concept of active urban design, its principles, and the most important influences on human behaviour that encourage active practice in the urban environment. Then the history of physical activity in the city of Basra and inherited popular sports was reviewed, then the extent to which the urban development processes that took place in Corniche Shatt Al-Arab Street and the surrounding area were achieved was measured. Due to its historical, social and economic importance and the conclusions that accompanied the measurement process related to the most important obstacles facing the city in its path towards a sustainable urban design that preserves the health of its residents.

An Evaluative Study to Determine the Extent of Shat Al-Arab Corniche Design Conformity with Active Urban Design Principles

The trend of active urban design appeared in the year 2005, and as a result of the increasing factors encouraging inactivity and lack of physical activity, cities began to move towards active urban design to make physical activity part of daily practices in the urban environment, which supports the health of its residents. The research dealt with the concept of active urban design, its principles, and the most important influences on human behaviour that encourage active practice in the urban environment. Then the history of physical activity in the city of Basra and inherited popular sports was reviewed, then the extent to which the urban development processes that took place in Corniche Shatt Al-Arab Street and the surrounding area were achieved was measured. Due to its historical, social and economic importance and the conclusions that accompanied the measurement process related to the most important obstacles facing the city in its path towards a sustainable urban design that preserves the health of its residents.

Optimizing human thermal comfort and mitigating the urban heat island effect on public open spaces in Rome, Italy through sustainable design strategies

The climate affects how a city’s outdoor spaces are utilized. It is more likely that people will use and appreciate public areas designed for pedestrian use, such as parks, squares, streets, and foot-cycle pathways, when they provide a comfortable and healthy environment. A predicted increase in global temperature has made the climate uncomfortable, especially during the summer when heat stress is strengthened and anticipated. This phenomenon is more severe in urban areas, often affected by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Since the spatial characteristics of a city influence its climate, urban design can be deployed to mitigate the combined effects of climate change and UHI. This research is conducted to study the UHI effect on thermal comfort in an urban open space in Rome (Italy) and aims at identifying and implementing a methodology that urban designers can follow to reduce the impact of urban heat islands and increase thermal comfort in urban outdoor space. This study is based on an urban design concept adopting the Sustainable Development Goals as guidelines; it investigates how UHI’s effect affects the use of public space and examines the influence of urban microclimatic conditions on the thermal perception of users through PET, PMV and PPD values, that were assessed through simulations with ENVI-MET software. The study thus proposes a redesign for the site in Rome, with a masterplan based on sustainable design principles, aimed at improving the microclimatic conditions in the site. The design solution was then validated through ex post simulations.

Towards sustainable urbanism: The arcology and organic compact urban formation as the approach of sustainable urban design- A comparative study

Arcology is a new vision of urban design for densely populated settlements. It is referred to as the urban formation aimed at achieving the highest level of utilization in the least area of land to reduce human impact on the environment. Moreover, the integration of this formation with the environment will work to reduce energy consumption, and achieve an economy that is characterized by adaptation and self-sufficiency, leading towards sustainable urbanism. The current study deals with this new concept in sustainable urban design, in an attempt to investigate its impact on traditional urban formation and to make a comparison between them. The lack of a clear conception of the term ‘arcology’ and comparing it with the organic compact urban formation as a significant concepts of sustainable urban design, constitutes the main research problem. The current study aims to uncover this concept to extract the 'arcology' parameters and compare them with the organic compact urban formation, as an approach that can be adopted in sustainable urban design to reduce the human impact on the environment. To get to the aforementioned goal, it's required to figure out the theoretical framework and apply it onto two selected study areas: Arcosanti and Bab al-Sheikh (an area within the historical centre of Baghdad) to test its validity using the comparative analysis and space syntax methodology. The research concluded that the organic fabric corresponds to the 'arcology' parameters and indicators, highlighting the importance of its employment in urban planning and design to reduce the negative impact of the urban structure on the urban ecosystem.

Examining Sustainable Urban Design Pattern by Explaining the Compatibility Model based on Density in Residential Fabrics of District 4th in Tehran City

Concerns about energy and climate change have taken center stage in urban studies in recent years. Buildings are the primary focus of the problem of maximizing energy efficiency in cities, and among the energy Additionally, the most crucial aspects of urban energy efficiency research are consumption, solar radiation energy on the one hand, and thermal energy demand on the other. These factors, together with other climatic factors, primarily influence the standard of life in urban areas. The main aim of research is to establish a model of sustainability in the physical form of the city, the primary objective of the current research is to extract the ideal framework and also the proposed model in the form of a structure for the concept of urban design in urban morphology, which is, on the one hand, the architectural scale of the buildings of the urban fabrics. In terms of structure, the current research is analytical-descriptive, and the method of data collection is in the form of documentation, survey, modeling and simulation using energy analysis software in the field of energy with a micro-analytical approach of urban climate such as Envi-met. For this reason, 4 morpho-types were evaluated in the context of the 4th district of Tehran, and the findings of the research show the difference between the optimal state and the current state of the evaluated parameters, and the amount of difference and the effect of added density in each morphological type of the effective range based on the index It explains that the high-rise building type has the most positive changes in the proposed conditions, and the compact types have lower values respectively. In the future researches, other morphological variables and adaptation modes with climatic parameters can also be investigated in order to achieve energy efficiency in other modes. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.545

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as an Urban Design Concept for Enhanced Mobility and Tourism in Lagos, Nigeria

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as an Urban Design Concept for Enhanced Mobility and Tourism in Lagos, Nigeria

EXPLORING URBAN STREETSCAPE DESIGN: COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

The purpose: to analyse and synthesize research on urban street space and the evolution of urban streetscape design concepts, tracing their origins, development, classifications, and design practices.
 Methodology. The study conducts a historical and theoretical review of scientific and literary sources, employing methods of analysis, systematization, classification, and summarization of the obtained results.
 Results. Classical theories of designing public spaces, as well as the development of concepts related to spatial perception and a human-centric approach in design, have been examined and analysed. The interaction of these theories with big data and artificial intelligence in the research and design of urban public spaces has been identified, revealing that such collaboration accelerates the emergence of cutting-edge theoretical and practical innovations.
 Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis conducted, three main research directions in street space are identified and systematized: macro-level research, micro-level research, and research in urban design practices.
 Practical significance: The results of this research establish theoretical foundations and outline directions for the future development of studies in the field of street space design. They can be utilized by architects and urban designers in the process of planning and design.

Automating the conceptual design of residental areas using visual and generative programming

The design processes based on parametric design and generative design allows multiple alternatives to be generated, analysed and corrected. The aim of the developed program was to automate the urban design concept development process for selected land units with a local development plan. This document, ordinances and other sources were the guidelines for the program to be developed. The solution-generating program starts by taking in the data, and then geometrical objects are created that have the right relationships to each other. Finally, results are evaluated on the basis of calculated indices and further generations are created taking into account the best options. This process must be overseen by a human, but with the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence, automation will progress, reducing human effort. The results of the study were collated and compared with other experiments in an in-depth literature review.

Sense of place: How should we think about urban planning practices today?

Considering the recent socio-technological, psychosocial, political, and economic developments, will the urban planning practices (in the systemic sense of its exercise) be able to adapt to a growing, changing urban culture? Noting the diverse variety of contemporary spatial practices in which methods, concepts, and discourses tend to be sealed off from one another, this reflection calls for a reevaluation of the plurality dimensions and layers in the construction of the urban reality, questioning in this process, the predictable hegemony regarding the supremacy of Architecture in shaping modern and current urban imagery. This essay seeks to foster a reflection on new contemporary paradigms of Western urban life, tracing a retrospective view that allows us to look systemically at what we have built. In this process, the aim is to stimulate a future collision path, a conceptual and operational dialogue between the creative disciplines of Architecture and Contemporary Art on the current urbanization courses, proposing this possible relationship as an inseparable disciplinary set in the process of producing public space and urban territory. Putting forth the hypothesis of reassessing the established models of contemporary urban planning, the goal is to explore the possible operationality of the bauhausian canon in its historical disciplinary triad (architecture/art/design) while, in a process of symbiotic interaction, considering them as complementary tools in urban design concept, promoting a pluralistic and expanded dialogue between the processes of designing, requalifying, and resignifying the future places.

From HURPI to community corridor: the evolution of the central linear axis in South Korean new towns

ABSTRACT This scholarly investigation provides a critical analysis of the developmental trajectory of the central linear axis in the context of South Korean new towns. The study traces the genealogy of this urban planning model, examining its conceptual origins in the 1960s, maturation through the Mok-dong New Town project in the 1980s, and subsequent iterations in first- and second-generation new towns. Employing a diachronic methodology, the research elucidates the changing dimensions, compositions, and functionalities across these phases, with a particular emphasis on how the model has been localized to suit socio-temporal and site-specific conditions. This adaptation process has yielded variations such as the ‘service axis’ and the ‘community corridor,’ each contributing to the heterogeneous landscape of South Korean urban planning. Within this evolutionary trajectory of urban design concepts, this paper highlights the pivotal roles of institutional environment, planners, and other stakeholders such as land developers and local municipalities. As the first scholarly work to formally define and contextualize the ‘community corridor’ concept, this study makes a significant contribution to academic discourse. It provides valuable insights into the mechanisms through which imported urban planning methodologies undergo transformation and localization in different cultural and temporal contexts.

Reflections on the Impact of Urban Sprawl on the Architecture of the City: Lessons from Benin City, Nigeria

This paper focuses on Benin City, Nigeria, as a case study to explore urban sprawl and its associated problems resulting from unplanned and uncontrolled spatial expansion. Informal settlements house approximately 45% of Nigeria's urban population, leading to a range of land and environmental challenges. The study investigates how sustainable development goals can be realized through efficient sustainable planning and urban design concepts, with a focus on managing urban sprawl in the city. The methodology comprises a literature review, field investigation of unplanned or squatter settlements in a selected part of Benin City through the administration of 201 questionnaires, and an analysis of its developments and physical transformations. Understanding the issues of urban sprawl arising from the rapid spatial expansion of Benin City is crucial for achieving a well-organized, planned, orderly, and sustainable environment. This paper provides valuable insights and information to facilitate effective urban planning in the study area. Additionally, it offers guidance to practitioners and developers on the adoption of sustainability measures in their projects. The findings of this study contribute to expanding the knowledge horizon and serve as a reference for further research on spatial expansion and the incidence of sprawl in urban centers throughout Nigeria.

Conceptualizing the chromatic experience of environment: Two case studies using the Color Walk method

AbstractDesigning the colors of a new neighborhood without a color definition of facades is challenging task. While there is a wealth of research on color perception and architectural color design, tools and methods are needed to understand the chromatic experience of areas. Thus, this case‐study research aims to explore the chromatic experience by introducing a new ethnographic Color Walk method. The participants are professionals in the fields of architecture and color. Two voice‐recorded and transcribed discussions are examined from two perspectives: the suitability of the Color Walk to conceptualize the chromatic experience of neighborhoods and analyzing the main concepts used by professional participants. The analysis shows that the seven main concepts are: (1) material; (2) light; (3) views in/from/into the area; (4) atmosphere; (5) identity; (6) landscape/nature/landscape architecture; and (7) architecture. Architecture includes four subareas: (a) the color scale of the building design, (b) the color scale of the urban design, (c) the history of architecture, and (d) color trends. The results indicate that the Color Walk method allows conceptualizing how environmental colors are experienced. However, several repetitions are needed to confirm all the concepts. Furthermore, complex facade colors are only one element of the chromatic experience. Thus, other aspects should also be emphasized in environmental color design. The results also show that environmental color design is related to urban design and building design. The findings of this study contribute to existing research by expanding the concepts of urban design to environmental color design.

Improvement of thermal performance and predicted mean vote in city districts: A case in the United Arab Emirates

Several studies have indicated that traditional architecture is known for its sustainable capability to manage climate effects, while contemporary architecture focused on style more than sustainability. This study intends to improve thermal performance and comfort in modern urban districts with reference to traditional districts in the UAE using ENVI-met software. The research methodology adopts comparative and qualitative investigations for the old and the new districts to explore their thermal performance on specific days. As per the simulation results, a reduction in the maximum outdoor temperature of approximately 1 °C was observed in the traditional area compared to the contemporary districts. The study has also integrated some traditional passive design concepts such as grass and green shading devices to the modern district to lower its outdoor temperature. This study would help architects and urban designers benefit from the concepts of vernacular urban design and integrate them into the modern urban fabric.

A Review of Cityscape Research Based on Dynamic Visual Perception

Dynamic visual experience is the most common way for people to perceive a cityscape. Previous research reviews on cityscapes have mainly focused on spatial planning, social culture, economic development, ecological protection, etc., with little consideration of the impact of dynamic visual perception on the formation of cityscapes, which hinders the provision of references for the practice of people-centered urban design concepts. Therefore, this article selected 94 works in the relevant literature from 1940 to 2022 to conduct a critical review. First, we conceptualized the cityscape in light of earlier substantial discussions on the intimate relationship between dynamic visual perception and the cityscape. Then, we divided the relevant research from the past century and a half into three periods and summarized theoretical and practical research on the cityscape in these different periods from the perspective of dynamic visual perception. Among these, the refined research on interdisciplinary methods, including Visual Quality Assessment based on dynamic visual perception and visibility analysis algorithms based on digital technology, is emphatically described and discussed. Based on a comprehensive review, this article concludes that the main application scenarios for the existing research on dynamic visual perception are cityscape assessment and decision making. Finally, three avenues for future research are proposed.

The influence of bioretention assets on outdoor thermal comfort in the urban area

The urban heat island (UHI) problem is essential for urban living, significantly worldwide urban areas. The preliminary studies found that rising temperatures are proportional to the city’s density and affect human outdoor thermal comfort, which is related to the increasing demand for real estate development, such as the condominium projects located in the city. This research will identify the relationship between outdoor thermal comfort and the bioretention asset to support sustainable city development. Then, this result conducts the outdoor area design guideline for real estate development with nature-based solution responsibility by using bioretention based on the water-sensitive urban design concept. The results show that CASE-03: bioretention combined with large trees can provide additional outdoor thermal comfort during daytime. A preliminary study of the outdoor thermal impacts that affected outdoor thermal comfort and the results will be used as a sustainable guideline for landscape architecture practices in future developments in the city.

The Fractal Approach in the Biomimetic Urban Design: Le Corbusier and Patrick Schumacher

Biomimetic design process approaches have been emphasized systematically as a result of works among disciplines of current technology and biological science. In order to find solutions for a decrease in biodiversity, pollution, and issues of the ecosystem, the nature experience shows itself in areas of biomimetic products, architecture, and urban designs in which nature-focused invasions are basically being imitated. Nature-focused designs have set their own framework by examining forms of different nature dynamics (scale, function, formation process) by presenting a sustainable environment. It can be seen that designs are made real by adhering to the resolution of forms, understanding, and interpretation of nature and by embracing fractal designs with the effort of creating a sustainable environment. In this study, emphasis was placed on revealed nature-based design approaches. The article addresses biomimetic design processes, reveals the role of fractal parameters in the design process, and examines the use of biomimetic approaches. By drawing attention to the importance of studying and understanding these internal dynamics, the contribution of natural inspiration and fractal concepts to the design process is examined. We examine research related to the concept of biomimetics, creation/development of conceptual proposals, and analysis of the established theoretical proposal through selected urban design examples in order to determine the respective overlaps between these areas. Our study takes the form of an analysis of the formal organization of living things together with a formal analysis focusing on the design principles. We try to analyze the design principles and the changes in the principles, and discuss the resulting data within the framework of these concepts. The urban designs of Le Corbusier and Patrick Schumacher, who are important names of the 20th century, were examined in line with the findings obtained in terms of biomimesis levels, namely, the organism level, behavior level, ecosystem level, and functional level. Comparisons of urban design approaches are made using the meta-analysis method with respect to findings obtained as a result of an examination of the golden ratio, modular system, fractal, and parameter concepts of urban design. For this reason, when the fractal concept, which is one of the dynamics of biomimetic-oriented nature, is handled with biomimetic levels and its contribution to the design processes is investigated, we are able to determine that it has important parameters in terms of sustainability. This study aims to contribute to the field of industrial products and urban design disciplines in architectural design.

The Extraordinary Life and Work of Arata Isozaki (1931–2022): Seven Decades of Visionary Architecture

In December 2022, the Pritzker Prize-winning Japanese architect, Arata Isozaki, passed away at his home in Okinawa, aged 91. Known as a theorist as well as a practitioner, Isozaki leaves behind a seven-decade career in architecture, with more than 300 designs and 100 built structures on five continents. This article analyzes the extraordinary life and work of the Japanese grandmaster and presents a portrait of his innovative urban design concepts and buildings. Despite its diversity, the author suggests that his oeuvre can be categorized into four distinctly different phases, exemplifying how Isozaki constantly reinvented and challenged himself. Isozaki combined Eastern and Western philosophies like no other architect before him and had a significant influence on Chinese architecture. He also practiced in China, where he had an office in Shanghai (since 2000) and realized a series of important buildings, including the Shenzhen Cultural Center and Library, the Museum of the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing, and the Shanghai Symphony Hall. The author is a former collaborator and project partner of Isozaki during the 1990s, and draws from close knowledge, first-hand observations, and conversations to comment the most relevant projects and adds background information. Isozaki’s work was concerned with formal and intellectual expressions; it is complex and highly personal in its interdisciplinary approach and absorption of a wide range of influences. For Isozaki, architecture was predominantly a cultural practice. Given that Isozaki has recently passed away and his oeuvre is now closed, the changed circumstances ask for a renewed focus and deeper interpretation of his remarkable, unusual legacy. He created original ideas, formal innovations, and versatile concepts for spaces that defy characterization as belonging to any single tendency or school of thought.