Concept Of Object Research Articles

Partial colexifications reveal directional tendencies in object naming

Abstract Expressions in which the word for a body part is also used for objects can be found in many languages. Some languages use body part terms to refer to object parts, while others have only a few idiosyncratic examples in their vocabulary. Studying the word forms referring to body and object concepts, i.e., colexifications, across languages, offers insights into cognitive principles facilitating such usage. Previous studies focused on full colexifications in which the same word form expresses two distinct concepts. Here, we utilize a new approach that allows us to analyze partial colexifications in which a concept is built out of the word forms for two separate concepts, like river mouth. Based on a large lexical database, we identified body and object concepts and analyzed 39 colexifications across 329 languages. The results show that word forms for body concepts are used slightly more frequently as a source for object names. However, the detailed examination of directional tendencies and colexifications of word forms between body and object concepts reveals linguistic variation. The study sheds light on meaning extensions between two concrete domains and showcases the synergies that arise through the combination of existing data and methods.

FRAGMENTE2

The exposition provides an insight into the collaborative process of creating and performing Fragmente2 (2021) a choreomusical work by musician Kerstin Frödin and choreographer-dancer Åsa Unander-Scharin based on the Japanese avant-garde composer Makoto Shinohara’s solo piece for tenor recorder, Fragmente (1968). The exposition is an attempt to describe the methodology and creative process in this project, wherein music and dance intertwine in a non-hierarchical manner. The exposition follows the structure of the performance, which consists of a series of fragments, each of them analysed and descibed in terms of choreomusical interaction. We used Don Ihde’s experimental phenomenology and perspective variation (1986) as an artistic method to analyse and explore different aspects of our choreomusical materials and interaction concepts. To address and elaborate the choreomusical elements, we used Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s distinction between abstract and concrete movements (1945/2012), Pierre Schaeffer’s musical objects (1966/2017), and our own concept of choreographic objects. Furthermore, to jointly analyse and evaluate different interaction concepts we used video recordings, annotated scores, choreography scripts, movement instructions, personal reflections, and metaphorical descriptions of the 17 fragments. The process resulted in a contrapuntal choreomusical work where music and dance act as equal parts.

Moral Certainty instead of Moral Objectivity

This paper argues that although Dworkin’s aim of developing a more practical understanding of moral truth is plausible, his attempt to do that while keeping the concept of moral objectivity remains deeply problematic. Because of its opposition to everything subjective, moral objectivity stands in an inherent conflict with the practical reality that we experience as persons from a first-person perspective; therefore, Dworkin’s attempt to reconceptualize moral objectivity from within a first-person perspective is inherently contradictory. The paper suggests that we should go one step further than Dworkin and give up the concept of moral objectivity altogether. A notion of moral certainty instead of moral objectivity would satisfy Dworkin’s intention of finding a practical conception of moral truth more adequately. A brief preliminary conception of it is developed while invoking the German philosopher Robert Spaemann’s ontology of a person.

Empiricism and Realism Reconciled in Agazzi’s Conception of Scientific Objectivity

Evandro Agazzi has shown the possibility of a reconciliation between logical empiricism and realism through the proposal of his conception of scientific objectivity, which replaces the notion of entity with that of object, conceived as a structured set of properties. This conception, on the one hand, has been developed from a more empiricist perspective, according to which the reality of the object is shifted to one of its predictable properties, and on the other hand, has produced his fruitful criticism of the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics and his demand for a realist interpretation based on the introduction of new non-classical concepts.

Covering Gaza

Abstract When journalists witness the same horrors inflicted on their people by a powerful military, anxieties around the concepts of objectivity, impartiality, balance and neutrality in journalism become paramount. Amid military campaigns described as war crimes, journalistic values, including truthfulness, accuracy and accountability, gain even greater significance. Journalists are vital in bearing witness to these atrocities, uncovering the truth and holding perpetrators accountable, even in the most perilous conditions. In the context of the war on Gaza, as well as the conflicts in southern Lebanon and Ukraine, traditional objectivity, I suggest here, is unattainable. The only semblance of truth emerges within a positioned or contextual framework. This perspective is evident in the coverage by Gazan journalists during the Israeli military atrocities, reflecting the broader challenges of war journalism. This article argues that journalists faced with the stark realities of war, they inevitably adopt a positioned objectivity, recognizing the impossibility of detachment or neutrality when confronted with the horrors of conflict. Many Western journalists and audiences have long viewed objectivity and impartiality as absolute ideals unaffected by context. However, this mindset should be challenged, as context should indeed shape our understanding of these concepts.

DISCUSSION ON THE CONCEPT OF CAUSA IN CONTRACT LAW: A REVIEW OF THE ROMAN HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEMPORARY THEORIES

The paper discusses the impact of causa on the validity of obligations in contract law. Given that many institutions in modern law trace their origins to Roman law, the paper begins by presenting the role of the cause of obligation in Roman law. The authors then analyzes the causal and anti-causal positions of legal theory, emphasizing that the cause of contractual obligation is a highly debatable institute of the law of obligations. The final part of the paper is dedicated to the cause of contractual obligation in our contract law. Considering that the Law on Obligations accepts both subjective and objective conceptions of the cause of contractual obligation.

Grasping the Concept of an Object at a Glance: Category Information Accessed by Brief Dichoptic Presentation.

What type of conceptual information about an object do we get at a brief glance? In two experiments, we investigated the nature of conceptual tokening-the moment at which conceptual information about an object is accessed. Using a masked picture-word congruency task with dichoptic presentations at "brief" (50-60 ms) and "long" (190-200 ms) durations, participants judged the relation between a picture (e.g., a banana) and a word representing one of four property types about the object: superordinate (fruit), basic level (banana), a high-salient (yellow), or low-salient feature (peel). In Experiment 1, stimuli were presented in black-and-white; in Experiment 2, they were presented in red and blue, with participants wearing red-blue anaglyph glasses. This manipulation allowed for the independent projection of stimuli to the left- and right-hemisphere visual areas, aiming to probe the early effects of these projections in conceptual tokening. Results showed that superordinate and basic-level properties elicited faster and more accurate responses than high- and low-salient features at both presentation times. This advantage persisted even when the objects were divided into categories (e.g., animals, vegetables, vehicles, tools), and when objects contained high-salient visual features. However, contrasts between categories show that animals, fruits, and vegetables tend to be categorized at the superordinate level, while vehicles tend to be categorized at the basic level. Also, for a restricted class of objects, high-salient features representing diagnostic color information (yellow for the picture of a banana) facilitated congruency judgments to the same extent as that of superordinate and basic-level labels. We suggest that early access to object concepts yields superordinate and basic-level information, with features only yielding effects at a later stage of processing, unless they represent diagnostic color information. We discuss these results advancing a unified theory of conceptual representation, integrating key postulates of atomism and feature-based theories.

Acting on Totalities of infinite Processes: constructing facets of an Object conception

AbstractWe offer a new angle to explain the comprehension of mathematical infinity. We use Action—Process—Object—Schema (APOS) theory to explore the construction of different aspects of the cognitive Object related to this notion. We focus our attention on different ways of interacting with infinity, and how to act on infinite entities. Our aim is to shed light on the nature of mental constructions that take place when individuals deal with mathematical infinity. An infinite union of finite subsets of $${\mathbb{N}}$$ N provides the context for our theoretical analysis and the design of interviews conducted with graduate students and instructors. In this study we identify three types of Actions with different complexity levels. When these Actions are performed, they lead to the construction of different facets of the associated Object. We question the construction of an Object conception in infinity-related situations and offer an explanation that might change the way we think about the learning of certain mathematical concepts. We discuss the implications of our research for the advancement of APOS theory. We also offer pedagogical suggestions related to the comprehension of mathematical infinity.

К вопросу об отнесении линейных объектов к объектам капитального строительства, недвижимого имущества, категории единого недвижимого комплекса

This article examines the classification of linear objects within the context of capital construction, real estate, and single real estate complexes. The study reviews relevant provisions of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as other federal laws and subordinate regulations. The explanations of authorized authorities, acts of judi-cial authorities, opinions of researchers of civil law science on the concept of linear objects and their inherent characteristics, belonging of linear objects to capital construction objects, real estate, the ratio of these con-cepts, belonging of linear objects to the category of a single immovable complex, things of auxiliary purpose, the specifics of linear objects in comparison are analyzed with other objects of civil rights in terms of restrictions on the interests of land rights holders, necessary for the placement, maintenance and repair of linear objects, the extension of the protected zone of linear objects with a special legal regime to a certain part of the land plots. Conflicts of law, controversial issues of judicial practice are revealed, the author’s definition of linear ob-jects is formulated, including their inherent features. The directions of the development of regulatory regulation, including in terms of the unification of terminology and proposals to consolidate the types of linear objects re-lated to real estate by the norms of special legislation, are determined.

Navigating Memorability Landscapes: Hyperbolic Geometry Reveals Hierarchical Structures in Object Concept Memory.

Why are some object concepts (e.g., birds, cars, vegetables, etc.) more memorable than others? Prior studies have suggested that features (e.g., color, animacy, etc.) and typicality (e.g., robin vs. penguin) of object images influences the likelihood of being remembered. However, a complete understanding of object memorability remains elusive. In this study, we examine whether the geometric relationship between object concepts explains differences in their memorability. Specifically, we hypothesize that image concepts will be geometrically arranged in hierarchical structures and that memorability will be explained by a concept's depth in these hierarchical trees. To test this hypothesis, we construct a Hyperbolic representation space of object concepts (N=1,854) from the THINGS database (Hebart et al., 2019), which consists of naturalistic images of concrete objects, and a space of 49 feature dimensions derived from data-driven models. Using ALBATROSS (Stier, A. J., Giusti, C., & Berman, M. G., In prep), a stochastic topological data analysis technique that detects underlying structures of data, we demonstrate that Hyperbolic geometry efficiently captures the hierarchical organization of object concepts above and beyond a traditional Euclidean geometry and that hierarchical organization is related to memorability. We find that concepts closer to the center of the representational space are more prototypical and also more memorable. Importantly, Hyperbolic distances are more predictive of memorability and prototypicality than Euclidean distances, suggesting that concept memorability and typicality are organized hierarchically. Taken together, our work presents a novel hierarchical representational structure of object concepts that explains memorability and typicality.

What Is Culture Made of? An Exploratory Study of Ethical Cultures and Provider Perspectives on the Care of Periviable Neonates

Objective Studies examining intercenter variation in neonatal intensive care unit practices at the limits of fetal viability have hypothesized that institutional “culture” can be one of many factors that impact patient care. This study aimed to describe institutional culture at a single, large academic center with regard to the antenatal consultation, resuscitation, and postnatal management of periviable neonates. Study Design Members of six clinical groups—attending and fellow maternal–fetal medicine physicians, attending and fellow neonatal–perinatal medicine physicians, neonatal nurses, advanced practiced neonatal nurses, pediatric hospitalist physicians, and neonatal respiratory therapists—were invited to complete qualitative, semi-structured interviews. All audio recordings were transcribed. Dedoose software was used to complete team-based coding and thematic analysis. Results Twenty-two interviews were completed. Thematic analysis revealed three central themes described by participants as contributory to institutional culture: Perception, referring to factors based on individual attitudes and insights, Statements of Information, referring to factors anchored in more objective concepts such as outcomes data and institutional policy, and Dynamic Factors, referring to the relatively fluid factors of institutional culture that interact with both Perception and Statements of Information. Participants were more likely to mention factors in the Perception category (n = 430) compared with factors in the Information category (n = 225), and although the latter were described as critical components of antenatal counseling and perinatal management, the philosophy of our unit appeared to be more heavily rooted in institutional memory and individual belief systems. Conclusion Our data demonstrate a personal undertone to institutional culture at the limits of viability, with an emphasis on individual attitudes and subjective interpretations of fact rather than empirical data. As the landscape of neonatology continues to change, understanding those factors that contribute to culture remains a necessary step toward deconstructing institutional belief systems and optimizing clinical care. Key Points

Analisis Kualitas Isi dalam Teks Berita detiknews.com Edisi Januari 2024 sebagai Referensi Bahan Ajar Kelas XI SMA

This research is motivated by the tendency of news today to pay less attention to the 5W+1H elements (What, Who, Why, When, Where, and How) which are explained according to the concept of objectivity and effectiveness of news and information. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of information in the detik.news January 2024 edition. This analysis focuses on information quality, data availability, efficiency, and objectivity. This study is based on “Detiknews.Com News Text January 2024 Edition” and data collection techniques with the goal of learning, analyzing, and documenting. The analytic techniques used are qualitative and quantitative. In data collection, we used a formal data collection method that included the use of a symbol (or symbol) and a collection method. The purpose of using this qualitative deskriptif method is to analyze verbal phrases found in detiknews.com articles. The findings of this study may be seen in relation to the number of stories that have been published on detiknews.com, namely whether they have high quality images with clear and easy-to-understand text. The purpose of news reporting is to report on current events without revealing any personal information. The quality of information found on detik.news is intended to be useful in determining whether a piece of information is reliable in terms of language, objectivity, effectiveness, and the extent to which it has been disseminated to the public.

Truth in Time Travel: Subversions of Time in An Adventure

This article explores how Frances Lamont and Elizabeth Morison’s An Adventure (1913) disrupts temporal and spatial dichotomies through its supposed representations of time travel. An Adventure presents time as a shifting force that aligns with Bergsonian notions of temporality – specifically the concepts of objective and subjective time as defined in Henri Bergson’s Creative Evolution (1911) and “Time and Free Will” (1913). This article also considers how Freudian notions of “condensation” further outline the subjective rendering of time in An Adventure’s surreal journeys back in time to the French Revolution and how the narrative’s subjective presentation of time aligns with Ford Madox Ford’s later theories of literary impressionism, particularly his idea that modernist narratives are composed of “various unordered pictures”. This article ultimately argues that Lamont and Morison’s book benefited from the temporally minded scientific and social climate of the time and used the theoretical groundwork of thinkers like Henri Bergson, Ford Madox Ford and Sigmund Freud as starting points from which they could tell their tale as truth. Specifically, their formal construction of the text as scientific research seeks to consciously obscure the differentiation between fact and fable, effectively positing their nonlinear time slip as truth. If that truth is humored, Lamont and Morison are proposing a more radical conception of time than Bergson – a nonlinear conception of time – a proposition that sits in tension with their use of scientific diction and discourse.

Continuity or Disruption? Rethinking Engagement in Multi-Stakeholder Forums Through the Lens of Boundary Objects

Multi-stakeholder forums (MSFs) are crucial for managing complex decision-making; yet ways for evaluating engagement, especially for Indigenous peoples, remain ambiguous. This study examines the Honduran Mosquitia, where conflict over the illegal occupation of Indigenous lands led to the creation and eventual dissolution of an MSF. It questions whether the continuity of formal dialogue structures signifies genuine engagement or if disruption might better indicate it. The study applies the lens of boundary objects—concepts or devices that enable collaboration among actors with differing agendas—to assess engagement. In Mosquitia, territorial governance served as a boundary object, fostering the establishment of an MSF. Government, donor, and Indigenous stakeholders had their distinct interests in supporting territorial governance. Indigenous stakeholders exited the MSF when their aims for securing land tenure were unmet, turning to civil disobedience to assert territorial governance. The MSF’s dissolution prevented the co-optation of territorial governance by government and donors, remaining a contentious term that more accurately reflected the tensions among stakeholders. This case shows how engagement might paradoxically be reflected in the MSF’s disruption.

Castillo Decorated Ceramics as Boundary Objects: A Technological Reappraisal of the North Coast Tradition from Peru During the Early Intermediate Period

ABSTRACT On Peru’s northern coast, the frequent findings of Castillo Decorated ceramics in Virú (200–600/700 BCE) and Moche (100–800 CE) archaeological contexts have led to definition of a northern coastal tradition. Presumably, these ceramics were produced by a community of potters who possessed and transmitted their own technical traditions for nearly eight centuries, independent of the elites. A recent study of Virú and Moche shaping techniques reveals that Castillo Decorated ceramics were mainly produced by hammering, a typical Virú percussion technique. However, one exception is found at the Uhle Platform at Moche, where some of these ceramics were manufactured by coiling, a Moche technique. To reconsider the North Coast tradition, in particular the spatial and chronological distribution of Castillo Decorated ceramics, I apply the boundary object concept to understand the use of two distinct and contemporary shaping techniques for production of the same vessel form.

Объективная и формальная истина при раскрытии доказательств

The article is devoted to the study of the disclosure of evidence in relation to the concepts of objective and formal truth. The author analysed scientific approaches and judicial practice on this issue, concluding that there is a need for a balanced application of these principles when regulating the procedure for disclosing evidence.

Early Muslim Scholars’ Conceptions of Character Development and Contemporary Applications in Mental Health and Well-being

Well-being, as a comprehensive phenomenon related to an individual’s emotional response and life satisfaction, has a vital importance for human beings today. Contemporary perspectives, such as the domain of positive psychology, have shifted from a pathology-oriented perception of well-being and have made efforts to include psychological and spiritual aspects in the picture. The aim of these modern approaches is to activate mechanisms of change and build positive qualities within a person. Similarly, the Islamic tradition has long emphasized the importance of physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual well-being, with the spiritual dimension at the center of the purpose of personal development. Both modern psychological and Islamic theological perspectives consider character development as essential for increasing well-being. While modern psychology uses character development only as a tool to achieve self-actualization, an Islamic perspective includes, within the concept of self-actualization, the notions and objectives of purification from the evils of the world and the self and attaining the pleasure of God. Islamic scholars in the classical period emphasized the importance of keeping a balance between good and bad character traits within the conception of human well-being. This chapter will discuss the mechanisms and approaches to character development suggested by early Muslim scholars, such as Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (9th century), Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (112th1th century), Al-Razi (13th9th century), and Birgivi (16th16th century), as well as discuss possible contemporary applications in the light of modern psychological studies. It will put forth strategies for Islamically informed character development and their potential for implementation within Islamically-integrated psychotherapy and well-being counseling within contemporary contexts.

Verbal and Nonverbal Communication of Presidential and Vice-Presidential Candidates During the Third and Fourth Debates of the 2024 Election: A Semiotic Analysis by Charles Sanders Peirce

As presidential and vice-presidential candidates seek to capture public attention and understanding, they often employ innovative and creative methods. Both verbal and nonverbal messaging play a crucial role in this process. Therefore, understanding the verbal and nonverbal communication of a potential national leader is essential to prevent future misunderstandings. This study aims to analyze the political verbal and nonverbal communication of presidential (capres) and vice-presidential (cawapres) candidates during the third and fourth debates of the 2024 election using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic analysis. The primary focus of this research is to understand how the concepts of Sign, Object, and Interpretant are used by the candidates to convey their political messages during the debates. The methodology employed is qualitative, utilizing a semiotic analysis approach, which allows the researcher to elucidate the meanings behind the signs and symbols used in political communication. The study finds that the use of certain symbols significantly influences voter perceptions of the candidates. Additionally, the research highlights that signs play a critical role in the effectiveness of political communication, where gestures, facial expressions, and body language enhance the candidates' appeal and credibility in the eyes of the voters. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective political communication strategies in future election campaigns.

Object-based practice effects recover the graphic object concept in Alzheimer’s dementia.

Object-based practice effects recover the graphic object concept in Alzheimer’s dementia.

The unbearable lightness of objects: Günter Figal’s spatial aesthetics

ABSTRACT The main work of philosopher Günter Figal (1949–2024) was to undertake the continuation of hermeneutical philosophy after the deaths of its three major proponents: Heidegger, Gadamer, and Ricoeur. Figal’s philosophical project combines both phenomenology and hermeneutics and presents the task of philosophy as being essentially hermeneutical. He also proposes that aesthetics is phenomenology, as nothing is more phenomenal than the work of art, which is out there to be interpreted. His contribution to aesthetics is generally based on his notions of the objectivity [Gegenständlichkeit] and spatiality of artworks. The objectivity of artworks makes obvious their spatiality, and space makes the objectness of the art object most apparent. Both objectivity and spatiality are also essential to the hermeneutics of art. Figal’s contribution to aesthetics, however, is underexplored. The present study thus aims to undertake a conceptual analysis of Figal’s contributions to aesthetics, especially his concepts of objectivity [Gegenständlichkeit] and spatiality of art. In so doing, the present study aims to present an account of Figal’s aesthetics, highlighting its place in the German aesthetic tradition.