Concept Of Homeland Research Articles

Pojęcie ojczyzny w twórczości białoruskich emigrantów i osób represjonowanych

The article analyzes contexts with nouns that express the concept of homeland in Belarusian: radzìma, ajčyna, bac'kaǔščyna. The main meanings of these words are 'place of birth, small homeland’ and 'native/home country’. The works of emigrants and repressed citizens in different periods of the 20th and 21st centuries are considered, including the changes that the concept of homeland in these works has undergone over the past hundred years. In the first half of the 20th century, bac'kaǔščyna 'fatherland’ predominated, at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, the word radzìma and especially the proper name Belarus prevailed. The noun ajčyna, which belongs to the highest style, was and is used most rarely. In emigration literature, ajčyna and bac'kaǔščyna meant 'homeland’, only the lexeme radzìma sometimes meant 'small homeland, place of birth’. The importance of the country’s history and historical studies for the formation of the concept of homeland is noted.

Kiedy zaczyna się ojczyzna? O wschodniosłowiańskim koncepcie ojczyzna w aspekcie historycznym

The central topic of this paper is the Slavic concept of homeland in its historical aspect. It will be discussed here with the example of two East Slavic areas: the Moscow Russia and the Belarusian residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The time span covered is the later pre-national period, i.e. the 17th-18th c. In this context, more global questions are also addressed, concerning the differences between these two areas, as well the main characteristics of the Moscow culture that makes it substantially different from the European culture and worldview.

Ojczyzna w przekładach biblijnych XVI wieku, powstałych na terytorium Rzeczpospolitej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego

The article presents an analysis of the concept of homeland in 16th-c. Biblical translations produced on the territory of Poland (the late period of the Jagiellonian dynasty and early Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Those include translations into Polish: the Catholic Leopolita Bible (1561) and the Jakub Wujek Bible (1599), the Protestant Radziwiłł or Brest Bible (1563), the Arian translation by Symon Budny (the Nesvizh Bible) (1572), as well as into Church Slavonic: the Ostrog Bible (1580–1581) or a hybrid translation by Francis Skaryna (1517–1519). It is argued that despite religious and linguistic differences, Biblical translations reveal a large number of similarities. Based on the analysis of these similarities, it can be assumed that the 16th century was a turning point in the development of the concept of homeland, and its formation in the modern understanding was influenced, in different ways, by both the New and the Old Testament.

N. V. Ustryalov’s aesthetic ant etatist patriotism

The relevance of the appeal to the concept of Homeland and patriotism by N.V. Ustryalov is determined by the similarity of the scale of cultural and political changes in the country and the world at the beginning of the 20th century and today. The concept of patriotism of the thinker was formed on the basis of an analysis of a specific socio-cultural situation and the formulation of its own definitions of categories such as "Motherland" and "state". The chosen methodology for analyzing his works combines the logical and philosophical method, the method of contextual analysis, and the method of comparative studies. As a result, it is proposed to give the concept of N.V. Ustryalov the name "aesthetic and etatist patriotism" and indicate its main provisions. Homeland is an aesthetic value, the form of existence of which, the state, combines the material and the social. Of the three components of the state, according to N.V. Ustryalov, the leading role belongs to the territory. Justifying his transition to the side of the Soviet government, the thinker points out that the actions of the Bolsheviks objectively contribute to the collection of the lands of the Russian Empire, and the national culture, including the culture of various nations, is being improved. Therefore, the Soviet state can legitimately be called a form of existence of the Motherland. Patriotism has qualities of aesthetic value, because it is truly human and aimed at affirming the beautiful, the priority of creative activity. The Ustryalov’s concept of aesthetic and etatist patriotism removes the contradiction between the high spiritual content of patriotism as a shrine and the utilitarianism of everyday tasks solved by social actors and it allows you to formulate specific criteria for people’s support for the authorities.

Дом и родина трансмигранта в фокусе современной концептуализации

The article presents a reflection on the conceptualization of the ideas of the migrant’s “home” and “homeland”. Rethinking the experience of conceptualizing these concepts seems appropriate due to its heterogeneity, which is due to the formation of the phenomenon of transnationalism at the end of the 20th century, reflecting the emergence of transnational migration. Home and homeland are considered in the structure of transnational identity as its identifiers. The theoretical framework of the analysis was the concept of the domestic researcher Z.L. Levin, which allows interpreting home and homeland as social, i.e. acquired identifications. The consequence of the reconstruction of the semantic fullness of the concepts of home and homeland is the transformation of identity and/or the formation of a trans-identity, involving a combination of elements of cultures, both the country of origin and the recipient country. The beginning of the discourse about the home of the modern migrant falls on the 80s of the XX century when the issue of its loss to migrants was being considered. In the early 1990s, an anti-centrist line of research was formed, which is, in general, a complex of nomadic studies based on the concepts of globalization, transnationalism and cross-borderism. The idea of transforming the house is being formed. The house ceases to be a “fixed structure” and loses the function of a geographical center, it becomes mobile, its topography expanding. At the same time, there is a group of scientists who deny the generalization of ideas about home and homeland. In general, when defining ‘home’, representatives of global discourse adhere to a number of its unified indicators, the most significant of which are terrain, sense of security, space, social relations of family and neighborhood. The analysis of the results of the modern conceptualization of home has shown the expansion of the semantic load of this concept and the identification of new properties of home – mobility and plurality. If before the start of transnational migration, the concepts of ‘home’ and homeland were linked together by the formulation native home, then in the conditions of fluid modernity, forming a plastic transnational identity of a migrant, these concepts began to exist separately. The concept of homeland, unlike home, has an ideological connotation. In the context of the mosaic of modern social processes and their political coloring, its conceptualization is in the process of development.

Home in the Poetry of Saudi Distinguished Poets: Abdullah Al-Faisal a Case in Point (2)

It can be posited that an individual's attachment to their homeland evolves and matures in tandem with their personal development, ultimately becoming an intrinsic aspect of their consciousness. The resonant call of the poet, though profound, is inevitably eclipsed by the enduring and primordial nature of one's homeland; it remains a perpetually innate affection. This paper, the second instalment in a tripartite series, seeks to elucidate the expertise, familiarity, and proficiency of Abdullah Al-Faisal as expressed through his poetic oeuvre, while concurrently illuminating his profound loyalty to the extensive and illustrious territory to which he is indelibly connected. This research commences with a brief overview of poetry and its cultural significance, before delving into the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, particularly focusing on the relationship between poetry and the concept of homeland. Subsequently, the study examines the literary contributions of the poet Abdullah Al-Faisal, with a primary emphasis on his poem "The Redemption." Utilising a critical-analytical-descriptive methodology, the investigation highlighted key thematic elements within the poem. Through a detailed analysis of selected lines from "The Redemption," the research elucidates the nuanced and multifaceted nature of the idea of homeland as expressed in Al-Faisal's work. The study posits that Al-Faisal's poetry serves as a conduit for expressing profound nationalistic sentiments. Additionally, it illustrates his unwavering dedication to his homeland, as evidenced by the intimate portrayal of his connection to the land throughout his oeuvre. The concluding section synthesises these findings, affirming the intrinsic link between Al-Faisal's poetic expressions and the themes of national identity and belonging.

The concept of homeland in stories (from the creation of young writers of the independence period: as an example of jav- Lon Jovliyev’s stories)

Mustaqillik davri ijodkorlari hur fikr, keng dunyoqarash bilan ijod qilmoqdaki, ularda milliy-madaniy, umuminsoniy tushunchalar o'z ifodasini topib bormoqda. Mustaqillik davrida yosh ijodkorlar safida Javlon Jovlievni e’tirof etib o'tish o'rinlidir. Zero, uning hikoyalari mustaqillik davri hikoyachiligida o'ziga xos o'rin va mavqega ega bo'ldi. Javlon Jovliev, o'z tengdoshlari orasida birinchilardan bo'lib, roman janriga qo'l urgan adib hisoblandi. lining "Qo'rqma" romani katta audotiryaga ega bo'lgan yoshlar romanlaridan biri bo'ldi. Jalon Jovliev nafaqat roman, balki hikoyachilikda ham bir qadar muvaffaqiyat qozonib, ushbu janrning ham imkoniyatlaridan keng foydalandi. lining "Stalinga maktublar", "Mustabidning hasharotlari", "Ayol" kabi hikoyalari vaqtli matbuot sahifalarida e’lon qilingan, 2022 yilda "Onam va koinot” nomli to'plami nashr etilib, unda ko'plab hikoyalar jamlandi. Javlon Jovliev hikoyalarida qahramonlar ruhiyati, ruhiy tavsir, obrazlar ichki dunyosi o'zining teran ifodasini topgan. Ayniqsa "Elbek" "Ko'k, oq va ola kabutarlar", "Ayol", "Onam va koinot” hikoyalarida ayol ruhiyati, o'zbek onasining ruhiy qiyofasi nihoyatda ta’sirli berilgan. Ushbu hikoyalarning har birida o'zgacha syujet tanlangan bo‘lsa-da, ammo qalamga olingan ruhiyat tasviri, ayol ruhiyatining fojeyaviy qiyofasi sabab mushtaraklik kasb etadi.

KRESY AS AN ELEMENT OF NATIONAL IDENTITY: THE CONTEXT OF BORDERLAND

One of the structural elements of national identity is the concept of homeland. In the Polish national consciousness, the concept of a homeland is very often marginalized. To replace him in the epicentre of humanitarian studios, the concept of «kresy» arises. Given the historical overlay of territories that are both «native land/homeland» for Ukrainians and kresy/borderland for the Polish nation, it is worth attempting to rethink the etymology and historical evolution of the concept of «kresy» in the context of its significance for national self-identification. It is also advisable to outline within which methodological approaches it is possible to carry out a scientific study of the phenomenon of Kresy as a space of borderland and an element of national identity.Given the modern civilizational situation and the new establishment of the boundaries of civilizations, the joint efforts of scientists in rethinking the borderland (and kresy) as a space of a common civilizational frontier are necessary.

Conceptual and Symbolic Perception of the Homeland Concept by Russians

The article analyzes the ideas of Russians about the Homeland and the conceptual and symbolic associations. This topic is mainly studied within the framework of the analysis of the concept of ‘small motherland’, the development of a program for patriotic education of young people and strengthening the civil identity of Russians. The research methodology is based on the use of secondary data from the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion, as well as some results of the study of the state of civil identity in the Republic of Bashkortostan within the framework of the projects “Peculiarities of the formation of civil identity of Russians in a multiethnic region (on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan)” in 2016 (sample size 1000 people) and “Communicative mechanisms of social construction of civil identity of Russians” in 2019 (sample size 751 people). Some trends in the interpretation of the Homeland concept have been recorded. Russians tend to define their homeland through the place where they were born, where their father’s house is located. It is especially characteristic for respondents of the older group to identify this concept with a small homeland, while young people and residents of megacities demonstrate more cosmopolitan attitudes. A certain proportion of respondents associate the concept of homeland with personal well-being. The symbolic perception of the homeland largely coincides with the residents of the Russian Federation: politicians and classic writers are most often heard as personalities associated with Russia. The conceptual and symbolic representation of the homeland is one of the aspects in the study of civil identity, the construction of which is primarily aimed at the formation of a behavioral component in its structure. The proposed results can be used in the educational process and by the authorities in the development of management decisions.

Designed Geographies: Mona Hatoum

Known for her conceptual art, performances, and sculptures, Mona Hatoum is a Palestinian artist whose work since the 1980s has focused on the concept of homeland. Through metaphorical and tangible means, Hatoum explores identity, home, and homeland, touching on past, present, exile, and belonging. Through the prism of migration and aesthetics, Hatoum critically assesses and transforms the pain of physical and mental exile from multiple angles. Her works decode mental and physical migration, geography, identity, and the 'other' with a discerning eye. Exploring the meaning of settlement in the globalized era, Hatoum roots her search for the meaning of existence in her geographical origins. In her art, borders symbolize more than physical enclosures; they embody concepts of permission, annexation, prohibition, transit, and residence. Hatoum's concerns extend beyond personal struggles to broader societal and governmental issues. This article analyses Hatoum's cartographic works, such as "Present Tense", "Map" and "3D Cities", exploring their visual, contextual, metaphorical, and historical dimensions while examining the artist's experience of the challenges of migration.

Представление о РОДИНЕ жителей белорусско- польско-литовского культурно-языкового пограничья (на материале польских периферийных говоров)

The article discusses the concept of HOMELAND based on the material of Polish peripheral dialects on the territory of Voronovo district, Belarus. As a context, the author used selected dictionaries of other researchers of the “Polish language of Borderlands” in the Belarusian-Polish-Lithuanian borderlands, narratives of the inhabitants of the Myadel region (Belarus), memories of emigrants from the Vilnius region (Lithuania), as well as residents of Podlasie, Warmia and Mazuria (Poland). The author collected the material as records of continuous texts on various topics, it was not a purposeful study of vocabulary and semantics on the topic of the homeland. The method of cognitive definition proposed by Jerzy Bartminski, which provides for the reconstruction of the “mental object”, i.e. the maximum set of characteristics fixed in the language, was used in the article. As a result of the analysis of the material, similar features, indicated earlier by the researchers of this borderland, were found. Among the components of the imagination of HOMELAND, in the first place there was a warm attitude to native places (the emotional connection of a person with the place of birth and the period of childhood) and ancestors (including the deceased, the cemetery). The importance of the place of residence and neighbours (their own, ours, etc. people with similar experience), as well as religion (their own and neighbouring parishes, the cult of the Virgin Mary) was also emphasized. Less often, but expressively accentuated cultural (for example, traditions and language) and everyday signs of the concept (stability; private property; homeland where you can live). At the same time, more expressive than in other works, sketching of the ideological homeland by local residents was noticed (for the older it is the Second Polish Republic, for the younger – Belarus). According to the author, this is explained by the fact that among the respondents were, among other things, the residents whose ancestors participated in the uprising of 1863, fought with the Bolsheviks in the Polish-Soviet war, as well as those associated with the Home Army. In addition to the traditional point of view of an ordinary peasant/ petty nobleman, the perspective of a patriot not only of a “small homeland”, but also of a non-existent state (Second Polish Republic) is also considered.

Hjemstavn som erindring i migrantlitteratur

This article focusses on the representation of homeland in two Scandinavian novels: Amal Aden’s Min drøm om frihet (2009) and Jonas Suchanek’s Do danska (2014). Both novels can be considered migrant literature, i.e., literature written by authors who have themselves experienced migration. Another thing that these novels have in common is that their authors construct the image of their original homeland through their own memories. Typically, the idealizing memories are reinforced as the characters are confronted with negative experiences in the new country, where they do not feel assimilated, as we can see it in Aden’s novel. In Suchanek’s novel, nostalgia plays an important role, namely the historical fact that his homeland has actually disappeared (the protagonist emigrated from the communist Czechoslovakia and returns to a completely new post-revolutionary country).Both novels demonstrate the concept of homeland not only as a geographical place, but also in terms of the cultural aspects associated with it, be it friends or food. At the same time, the concept of polygamy of place, which is often mentioned in the context of globalization, does not seem to work very well. Especially in Aden’s novel, the protagonist’s relationship with her original homeland and the new homeland oscillates between topophilia and topophobia. Essential to the memories of the homeland, then, are the triggers that take the characters in both novels back to a time before their migration, creating a sense of discomfort and nostalgia.

Editors' Note

Editorial| May 01 2023 Editors' Note Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East (2023) 43 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-10375291 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Editors' Note. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 1 May 2023; 43 (1): 1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-10375291 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsComparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East Search Advanced Search Among the many narratives gifted by the colonial excavations of subcontinental pasts, one is the flight of Buddhism from “India” eastward. For the colonial imagination, Islam's violent incursion into the subcontinent in the early eighth century marked the end of Buddhist dominion (and brought about the “Dark Ages” of Hinduism). While scholars have done much to combat such ahistoricist renderings, it remains an ongoing exercise to reimagine (and re-enliven) the relationship between people, faith, and space. This issue opens with a special section, “Buddhist Homelands: Transregional Pathways,” that productively restages the encounter between Hinduism and Buddhism, on the one hand, and modernity and the nation-state on the other. In interrogating the concepts of homeland and diaspora, the section allows us to pay particular attention to embodied movements and the spaces of ritual (temples, say) around which much of contemporary politics is organized.The agitated categories of movement and belonging are... You do not currently have access to this content.

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЯ КОНЦЕПТУ БАТЬКІВЩИНА В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ МЕДІАТЕКСТАХ

The representation of the concept of the homeland in Ukrainian journalistic texts of the period of the first months after the beginning of armed aggression is studied. The concept's semantic content and connotative potential are analyzed as a reflection in the linguistic material of socially significant ideas that testify to its development in the current socio-historical circumstances in need to protect Ukrainian statehood and national identity. The homeland is considered a uni-versal human value, which at the same time is closely connected with extra-linguistic reality, in particular with the histori-cal stage and socio-political circumstances of the development of a specific state or territory, which a group of people defines as their homeland. The concept of FATHERLAND is closely related to the idea of PATRIOTISM, which is considered in civil, cultural, and economic aspects and actualized through volunteering, resilience, courage, caring and good neighborliness. It has been established that the concept of homeland is manifested in the language through the lexemes homeland, homeland, Ukraine. The linguistic material testifies to a wide associative range of the idea, which actualizes its various aspects. In the analyzed media texts, the FATHERLAND concept is realized through such components of its conceptual sphere as the national war, the war for independence, the ability to resist, freedom and human rights, democracy, ethnic identity, Ukrainian history, language, and culture. The struggle for one's state and its independence leads to a rethinking of the content of the concept, the search for new aspects of national self-identification, which is manifested, in particular, in the system of oppositions: Ukraine - the Soviet past, Ukraine - the aggressor country, Ukraine – Europe. The evolution of the concept in the public consciousness and its reflection in language on the material of media texts of the later period con-stitute prospects for further research.

Home in the Poetry of Saudi Arabia Poets: Abdus-Salam Hafeth an Example of a Distinguished Arab (3)

<p>With particular reference to the Saudi poet Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth, this study tries to shed light on some literary characteristics of modern Saudi Arabic poetry. It specifically focuses on the concept of homeland as an illustration of the status of modern Saudi Arabic poetry. One may argue that Arabic poetry is in a good place right now among Arab authors, critics, and poets. By using the poet's magnificent city as a representation of his affection for his big country, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the researcher attempts to demonstrate the poet's intelligence by showing his gorgeous city as a symbol of his love.</p><p>An introduction starts the study, then, it analyzes the subtitle Arabic Poetry: The Tongue of the Arabs. Afterward, a brief analysis of Glimpse at Eternal Saudi Poetry and the Conception of Home in Saudi Poetry. The study's primary section employs a critical-analytical method to evaluate Abdus-Salam Hafeth's poem Nostalgia, Oh My Home. The examination of the poem concentrates on the idea of home as its central theme and covers verse lines nine through eleven. Finally, the research comes to a brief conclusion with some remarks.</p>

Associative image of the Homeland in the language picture of the world of Ukrainian youth

Background. According to lexicographical sources, the semantics of the concept of the Homeland are dominated by the components ‘land’ (‘country’), ‘inheritance’, ‘father’, ‘family’, ‘native’, ‘property’, ‘origin’, ‘genesis’. They are sufficient, but they significantly limit the entire range of meanings, connotations, and associations that can be associated with the Homeland and do not capture the shades of meaning corresponding to the current socio-political and cultural situation.Contribution to the research field. The present study helps us to understand changes occurring in the meanings of words. In particular, the results show the dynamics in the perception of the Homeland, differences in the traditional lexicographic meaning and associative image.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to investigate the associative image of the Homeland concept, which was formed in the language picture of the world of Ukrainian youth.Methods. The written free associative experiment was conducted in April 2022. As a result, 1,009 questionnaires and 1,215 associations on the Homeland stimulus were collected. 253 types of reactions were identified.Results. The experiment showed that young Ukrainians most often associate Ukraine, mother, and home with the Homeland. 8% of responses are determined by the region of residence of the participants. Associations form thematic groups around the concepts of family, home, national symbols, values, and combat. A sense of belonging, ownership, kinship, love, warmth, pride, and happiness is important. Freedom and life become integral values. In the national picture of the world, the Homeland is visualized through the colours of the blue-yellow flag, embodied in Ukrainian nature.Discussion. The verbal image of the Homeland for a modern young Ukrainian has little to do with politics or ideology, instead emotional, imaginative and value components prevail. Despite the war, ideas about the Homeland did not become radicalized and did not acquire aggressive or militant features. On the contrary, the associative image of the Homeland reflects the perception of it as a place of love and warmth, a native home, a fatherland, and the highest value that must be protected.

THE CONCEPT OF “HOMELAND” IN KAZAKH FOLKLORE

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept “homeland” in Kazakh folklore. The purpose of the study is to аnalyzing the notions and representations of “homeland” in the Kazakh creativity, the national features of the people's knowledge of the world, nature, the environment were determined. The scientific work analyzed the image of homeland in the national folklore of the Kazakh people, the linguistic use of the concept of homeland. At the same time, the concept of “homeland”, which is used in toponymic folklore genres, was also studied.
 The study of the verbalization of the concept “homeland” in Kazakh folklore revealed that the concept of Motherland for the nomadic Kazakh people is associated with the space in which they grew up and lived as a nation.
 Folklore works are one of the testimonies that show the height of spiritual being of Kazakh people. This great work of art is a boundless ocean, an inexhaustible treasure, and it does not grow old, and with the change of time grows anew, acquires a new genre character.
 The reason why the native land is hot for the human race is that it has lived in harmony with nature since time immemorial. It seems that the endless dark field expresses the value of the land to the generations and gives spirit from its side. That's why the people who defended their homeland with the tip of the spear and the edge of the sword until the last drop of blood on the spoon, named the places where they touched with childish love, taking into account its symbols, adding them to songs and songs, turning them into the core of legends.
 The results of the work can be used in the research work of students in the humanities.

Tożsamość narodowa, nacjonalizm, patriotyzm – sposoby rozumienia, dyferencje, przejawy

Reflections on categories used for social identification are closely related to building one's own identity, including national identity. A special role in this process are playing the concepts of homeland and little homeland, as well as expressed attitudes. These concepts form a sense of belonging to the place and community, with their history, culture, language, customs, rituals, values, communication habits, etc. With regard to the expressed attitudes, two of them are of significant importance – nationalistic and patriotic. Many theories have been developed around them and their understanding is often associated with multithreading and difficulties in interpretation and classification. Especially important is that these attitudes should be based on mutual respect, tolerance and acceptance, mostly towards other nations, no matter these attitudes were called. Only attitudes based on mutual respect, tolerance and acceptance can ensure security and freedom in future. Therefore, it is important to teach the proper understanding of them in the process of education with its upbringing aspect. This teaching can prevent antagonism towards other nations, societies, or cultures.

Топос ‘pодина – могилы’ в текстах периодических изданий Польской православной церкви

The paper examines the ‘homeland – graves’ literary topos appearing in media publications of the Polish Orthodox Church. The material is excerpted from the periodicals ‘Przegląd Prawosławny’, ‘Polski Żołnierz Prawosławny’, ‘Cerkiewny Wiestnik’ and ‘Wiadomości Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego’ from the years 1989–2012. Based on the analysis of nine text samples, the author concludes that the presence of this topos is not connected either with genre features of the publications, or with text’s direct content (the time and place of the described events have no effect on the appearance of the topos). Analyses also reveal that the topos most often stimulates expressive, evaluative language; burial places are often mentioned to emphasize the belonging of Orthodox community members to the Polish nation and also include the aspect of the victims’ sacralization; the concept of homeland may refer to a specific region of Poland, the whole country, or to a territory inhabited predominantly by several generations of Orthodox Christians. The use of the ‘homeland – graves’ topos serves the aim to reveal Orthodox citizens as an integral part of the Polish society that shares the same challenges and makes the same sacrifices as other Poles. On the other hand, the topos may emphasize that Orthodox Christians comprise a separate community within the Polish state as they have been subject to persecution and suffering for their religious beliefs.

Home in the Poetry of Saudi Arabia Poets: Abdus-Salam Hafeth an Example of a Distinguished Arab (5)

The term "homeland" refers to the place and things that a poet associates with his humanity, including his dreams, suffering, and singing of his triumphs. This study seeks to illuminate some literary traits of contemporary Saudi Arabic poetry, with a focus on the Saudi poet Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth and one of his poems. It emphasizes the idea of "homeland" in particular as an instance of the position of contemporary Saudi Arabic poetry. One may say that among Arab writers, critics, and poets, Saudi poetry is currently in a favorable situation. The researcher aims to highlight, on the one hand, the poet's wisdom by utilizing his beautiful city – Al Madinah – as a sign of his love for his vast country, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by using it as a depiction of the poet's adoration. On the other hand, the researcher endeavors to explore the brilliance of the poet in exploiting the classical Arabic language in his poem. The research begins with an introduction before analyzing the subtitle, Arabic Poetry: The Tongue of the Arabs. An overview of eternal Saudi poetry and the Saudi Poets' Conceptions of Homeland follows. Then the study tracks a concise outline of Al-Madinah Al Monawarah as a Landmark of Thought as well as Abdus-Salam Hafeth as a Man and a Poet. The main body of the study uses a critical-analytical approach to assess the poem 'Nostalgia, Oh My Home' (الشوق يا وطني) with a special reference to some verse lines of the poem, which focuses on the notion of "homeland" as the poem's main theme and the Arabic poetic language as the classical tongue. The research concludes briefly with a few observations and a conclusion.