Concept Of Things Research Articles

Digital thing as a “new” object of “new” civil legal relations

The article is devoted to theoretical comprehension and establishment of the concept of digital things as “new” objects of “new” civil legal relations which is proposed to be introduced into the civil legislation of Ukraine. It is obvious that in case of emergence of any new objects of civil rights which have become a prerequisite for the emergence of previously unknown relations, there is a need to establish an appropriate legal regime for such goods. Otherwise, the whole type of civil relations will remain unregulated, and this will have a negative impact not only on civil turnover, but will also create conditions for an increase in the number of violations of subjective rights. Therefore, the author analyses the legal relations which arise in the “digital environment” and which are proposed to be considered as new ones in the legal literature, and examines the objects of civil rights in such legal relations. The study concludes that the legal relations arising in the “digital environment” are fully covered by the already known types of civil legal relations and are not new in comparison with the existing ones, and a digital thing is not a new object of civil rights. It is just a new and additional name for long-known and even traditional objects of civil rights, including services, property rights, information, results of intellectual and creative activity, tradable objects of personal non-property legal relations, etc. The only peculiarity of virtual objects is that they are created and provided with the help of digital technologies, an Internet resource. It has been established that an online account is not an object of civil rights at all. It is only the result of recording data in the form of a digital code that allows computer equipment to identify, recognise a particular user and the limits of his/her access to certain Internet resources. A persistent computer (digital, electronic, software) code that is recorded in a database and located (stored) on a server is not an independent object of civil rights, but is only a record.

Time for Rethinking?

The study focuses on the examination of the most fundamental concept of civil law, especially the right in rem, namely the concept of things. The author seeks to answer the question of how new phenomena appearing because of technological development, such as digital assets, including various crypto assets like tokens, can be integrated into the system of classical civil law, whether they may be subject to property rights or the civil law rules applicable to the property. To answer this question, the author first explores the concept of things based on the old Hungarian private law literature and the provisions of the earlier and current Hungarian civil codes, presenting contemporary private legal opinions. Then, she deals with the legislative extension of the rules governing things and reviews which assets have been subject to a possible revision of the conceptual framework of the thing. The author pays particular attention to the examination of digital assets, defining and classifying tokens based on the MiCA regulation recently adopted by the European legislator. In the final part of the study, the author deals with the category of non-fungible tokens, highlighting the problems that are currently identifiable and clearly need to be solved in the future.

Water Quality Monitoring Using Physical Web Concept and Alert via Whatsapp Messenger

Abstract: Monitoring water quality plays a crucial role in safeguarding human health, Industrial equipment and aquatic life such as in aquarium. In this research paper we have present a low-cost and unique demonstration of real-time water quality monitoring using physical web concept and alert to user by WhatsApp if water quality is Low. Physical web concept is a broadcast and discovery service in that, smart object broadcasts relevant information that nearby mobile devices can discover to interact with that object. Using physical web user can digitally interact with object and service without much effort that user feels in conventional method of interaction with object. The TDS and Ph is the important factor for the water quality monitoring among the many other factors. This system utilizes the TDS and Ph sensors to measure and monitor the quality of water. The collected quality monitoring data is processed by the ESP32 and make the decision to sends low-quality alert via WhatsApp to designated users. The system aims to provide a reliable and user-friendly solution for monitoring water quality, enabling timely interventions and minimizing risks associated with it using the physical web concept and Internet of Things (IoT)

Clement of Alexandria’s Homily "Quis Dives Salvetur?" and Its Pastoral Challenges for Alexandrian Christians

The article reconsiders the structure of Clement’s writing Quis dives salvetur? and as a consequence questions the traditional designation of this text as a homily. In the first part, the article focuses on the Gospel text quoted by Clement and attempts to explain some of the unusual choices of the text. In the second part, it highlights some pastorally interesting or, on the contrary, controversial aspects of Clement’s interpretation: (a) the use of the Stoic concept of indifferent things, which makes it possible to give emphasis to the freedom of human decision; (b) the thorough justification of the allegorical interpretation of Mk 10, 21; (c) the pastoral project of the “divine business” based on Lk 16, 9 and finally (d) the possibility of a second repentance after baptism justified by the story of the Apostle John.

Theoretical and legal characteristics of the concept and specialities of virtual assets by the law of Ukraine

This article highlights the theoretical and legal analysis of the distinction between the concept of intangible assets and related concepts. The author of the article analyzed the concepts of understanding the essence of the legal regime of intangible assets, and also outlined the provision that an important step in the recognition of intangible assets is the project of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Civil Code of Ukraine aimed at expanding the range of objects of civil rights», namely, the introduction of the concept of digital things into the Civil Code.In particular, a digital thing is a subject of the digital environment, which is in circulation only in digital form, and in respect of which civil rights and obligations may arise. Digital things are virtual assets, digital content, online accounts, money and securities that exist exclusively in digital form.As for the concept of virtual assets, a virtual asset is an intangible good that is the object of civil rights, has a value and is expressed as a set of data in electronic form. The existence and liquidity of a virtual asset is ensured by the system of ensuring the turnover of virtual assets.The proposition that the division of things into material and digital things is relevant today is argued. A comparative legal characterization of the following concepts was carried out, in particular the place of virtual assets among virtual property. The concepts of virtual assets and digital content, virtual assets and electronic money are compared. As for distinguishing intangible assets from related concepts, this follows from the features inherent in virtual assets, as well as the peculiarities of legal relations with respect to these assets.

Reconsidering the Concept of a Thing in Terms of the Digital Environment: Law Towards an Understanding of a Digital Thing

This article deals with the issues of reconsidering the concept of thing in terms of the digital environment and the formation of understanding of the digital thing. In terms of digitalization, the legal systems of civil and common law are characterized by the further development of digital objects of law towards of reflecting the material world combined with the features of the digital legal environment. The need for unambiguous regulation of relations regarding the use of new technologies necessitates the implementation in law of a new legal tools that can revolutionise commercе and non-commercial activity, which include, first of all, specifically digital things. Digital things are fundamental component of the digital legal environment, which are being recognized as existing in digital form objects of civil rights. The accommodation of digital legal objects requires a reconsidering of the concept of property and things towards the introduction of a broad understanding of thing, a kind or digital analogue of which are digital things as part of the person’s property, which are appropriated (acquisition and termination) and participated in a civil turnover under the general rules of material things, taking into account the features of the digital environment provided by law, contract or the essence of the digital thing. This necessitates the formation of conceptual legal provisions on property and a broad understanding of things, concepts and types of digital things. The authors of this research propose to reconsider the understanding of property (1) and thing (2) towards of their broad understanding in terms of digitalization, to define the concepts and legal nature (3) and types of digital things (4), to use the functional methodological approach of the digital thing (5) and the resulting features of the virtual asset as a digital thing (6).

A Critical Reflection on James Kreines's Interpretation of Hegel's Account of ‘Mechanism’

Abstract James Kreines's Reason in the World (2015) offers an engaging and thought-provoking examination of Hegel's ambitions in the Science of Logic. However, it has gone unnoticed that there are two fundamental misinterpretations in his account of ‘Mechanism’ from the Logic. First, Kreines interprets the chapter as beginning with a ‘pure mechanism’ hypothesis that investigates the coherence of a purely mechanistic explanation of the world that makes no appeal to the immanent concept of things. Thus, according to Kreines, the Concept is absent from the beginning of ‘Mechanism’ and only appears in the final section of the chapter, in ‘C. Absolute Mechanism’ in the subsection on the law, what Kreines conceptualizes as ‘reasonable mechanism’. Second, within his overall interpretation of ‘Mechanism’ as the development from the ‘pure mechanism’ hypothesis to ‘reasonable mechanism’ Kreines claims that there are logical moments that are explanatorily relevant and some that are not. Thus, Kreines will want to claim that Hegel's analysis of ‘pure mechanism’ reveals that ‘pure mechanism’ fails to be explanatorily relevant because, a) the logical moments do not have a concept immanent to them, and b) have ‘indifference’. It is only in the law that mechanistic explanations become explanatorily relevant because of the appearance of the Concept and the disappearance of ‘indifference’. I argue against both these positions. First, I think that there is no textual support for the idea that ‘Mechanism’ begins without the Concept immanent to it. Second, I think that Kreines is mistaken to equate ‘indifference’ with explanatory irrelevance and the absence of the Concept. My approach in this paper is to give my own analysis of the relevant passages from ‘Mechanism’ and, in doing so, to both show the misgivings of Kreines's interpretation and to offer an alternative way of reading the chapter.

Hans-Jörg Rheinberger as a Philosopher of Time.

When Hans‐Jörg Rheinberger proposed the concept of epistemic things, he drew inspiration from the art historian George Kubler, who had considered the aesthetic object as resulting from problem‐solving processes in The Shape of Time (1962). Kubler also demonstrated that a sequence of objects could retrace the progress that led to a solution that was afterwards accepted as the most classical. Parallel to Kubler, Rheinberger demonstrates how temporally extended activities of experimentation are condensed in the object, revealing the moments of innovation that lead to it. In the history of science as well as in art history, various trajectories can thus be grasped in the materially given. Rheinberger conceives of an object as a network of heterogeneous time strings. However, these are manifold: they cannot be thought of as making up a homogeneous temporality encompassing all the others as a temporal container and synchronizing them within it. Since the discovery of the Anthropocene, we no longer separate natural from cultural time, and no hegemonic historical narrative can be taken as unifying all the others. Historical epistemology as proposed by Rheinberger will be read as a contribution to constructing new models of natural as well as of cultural time.

"You've Got to Work on This Axon": J. Z. Young and Squid Giant Axon Preparations in 20th -Century Neurobiology.

Employing and extending Hans-Jörg Rheinberger's analytical concept of epistemic things, this essay proposes one reason why squid giant axons, unusually large invertebrate nerve fibers, had such great impacts on twentieth-century neurobiology. The 1930s characterizations of these axons by John Zachary Young reshaped prevailing assumptions about nerve cells as epistemic things, I argue. Specifically, Young's preparations of these axons, which consisted of fibers attached to laboratory technologies, highlighted similarities between giant axons and more familiar ones via lines of comparative study common to aquatic biology. Young's work convinced other biologists that the squid giant fibers were, in fact, axons, despite their unusual fused (syncytial) structures, thereby promoting further studies, such as intracellular measurements, made possible by the fiber's size. Tracing direct relations between preparations of squid axons and broader interpretations of neurons as epistemic things, this paper renders an actors' category, "preparations," into an analytical one. In turn, it offers glimpses into how aquatic organisms shaped twentieth-century neurobiology and how local experiments can drive broader, disciplinary changes.

Онтологическая конституция вещи как simul totum и учение о дистинкциях в «Метафизике» Николая Бонета

The article examines the doctrine of thing in the “Metaphysics” created in the early 1330s by an original Franciscan theologian and philosopher Nicholas Bonetus. The article points to the historical-philosophical significance of this work. In the scholastic tradition, Bonetus’s “Metaphysics’ is argued to be one of the first large and independent treatises on metaphysics, i.e. it is not related to the tradition of commenting on Aristotle. It is also the first treatise in the history of philosophy under the title “Metaphysics”, named so by the author himself. First, we present the biography of the author of the treatise and briefly characterize the structure of his four-part “Opus philosophicum”, as well as emphasize the importance of the division between metaphysics and natural theology, for the first time in the history of the scholastic tradition not only declared as a project, but also im­plemented by Bonetus. Secondly, we examine the place that book III of the “Meta­physics” occupies in Bonetus’s entire metaphysical treatise, and determine the two main themes of this book: the doctrine of res and the doctrine on distinctions and identities. Thirdly, through the analysis of the Ist and IIIrd books of “Metaphysics” we demonstrate the connection, opposition and partial coincidence of two fundamental concepts of Bone­tus's metaphysics: the concept of being as being and the concept of thing. Additionally, the leading meaning of the concept of a thing as a simul totum, that is, a single “consti­tuted whole” from metaphysical elements (formalities, quidditative and individual differ­encies, intrinsic modes, properties), is clarified. Finally, we analyze the relationship be­tween the doctrine of res and the doctrine on distinctions in Bonetus and explain how the doctrine of real and formal distinction and identity is subordinated to the goal of ana­lytics of the metaphysical “constitution of res” and is built into the treatise on the thing. This, in turn, allows us to conclude that the main difference between the “formalist trea­tise” on distinctions and identities (and this is exactly how the content of the IIIrd book of Bonetus’s “Metaphysics” was perceived in the subsequent Scotist tradition), in com­parison with the corresponding treatises of Francis of Meyronnes and Peter Thomae, is precisely the role of the ontological concept of a thing as a “metaphysical whole” or in­dividual in Bonetus that determines his understanding of “formalities”.

Figurative Language Used in the Characterization of Katherine Applegate's Home of the Brave

This paper depicts the types and uses of figurative expressions in the characterization of verse-novel Home of the Brave by Katherine Applegate. The objectives of this study are, first, to identify what kinds of figurative language the author uses in the story and second, to identify the use of figurative language in the characterization. As a descriptive qualitative study, the writers applied various literary theories such as figurative language (metaphor, simile, and personification), direct characterization, and stylistics. After analyzing the data, the writer found that there are 292 figurative languages found in the verse-novel Home of the Brave, which include: 89 metaphors, 98 similes and 105 personifications. Based on the findings, personification is mostly found throughout the story and the author mostly uses natural elements as comparison. The writer found that the use of personification is suitable for delivering story from narrator’s perspective because he is an immigrant from Sudan who can hardly understand the concept of many unfamiliar things in America. By linking human nature, he describes the world he sees and personifies it. Besides, it also proves that the use of figurative language is successfully employed by the novel’s author in the portrayal of characters physically and mentally as narrated by Kek as the main character of the story, in the view of the first person.

George Crumb's Black Angels and the Vietnam War

In this essay, I analyze how Crumb's Black Angels relates to the Vietnam War. I trace a history of this association through reviews of the piece's performances and shows that reviewers began connecting it with Vietnam after the American withdrawal and the end of the war in 1975. Through a comparison with Tim O’Brien's The Things They Carried ([1990] 1998. New York: Broadway Books), the analysis shows that listeners thematically connect aspects of Black Angels with the Vietnam War. Themes of blurriness, and unreliable narrator, trauma, and morality connect the texts. Using Lochhead's concept of musical things, and O’Brien's notions of happening-truth vs. story-truth, the analysis relates issues of musical structure to the novel to show how the piece conveys presence related to the Vietnam War.

Buduća stvar kao predmet stvarnih prava

The paper aims to answer the question whether the concept of " future things" is compatible with property relations by addressing the issues such as: future things as an object of real rights, future things as real securities, transfer of real rights on future things, and future things as an object of enforcement proceedings. The analysis provided in this paper shows the COVID-19 crisis has brought many repercussions, not only to the public health systems in Europe but also to the European economy that has sustained losses during the pandemic. In such dire conditions, certain Macedonian financial institutions (such as banks) have offered financial support to the government and have lobbied for some benefits in return. Unfortunately, the benefits that banks have lobbied for threaten the stability and consistency of the civil law system. The situation raises concern among scholars who have urged for the preservation of the civil law institutes so that the short-term legal solutions implemented in haste for the benefit of some entities (banks) will not cause irreparable long-term damage to the overall civil law system. The authors analyze the provisions of several Macedonian legislative acts that implement the concept of future things in some areas of property law, such as: the exercise of real rights on future things, future things as real securities, transfer of right on future things, and forced sale in enforcement proceedings. The main objective of the analysis is to demonstrate that regulating " future things" as an object of real rights is not sustainable due to the nature of these rights.

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Based on D-Number Theory

In real life, there will be a lot of uncertainty problems, one of which is due to the vagueness of the concept of things, that is, it is difficult to determine whether an object conforms to this concept. This situation widely exists in some states, phenomena, parameters and interrelationships between things. For such uncertain events with heavy subjective influencing factors and incomplete data, it is suitable to use fuzzy methods to deal with them. In present our work, we firstly introduce the notion of D-number cognitive maps (DCMs), which are intelligent framework models based on D-number theory and cognitive maps. Compared with Evidential Cognitive Maps (ECMs) and Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), DCMs can fuse multiple sources of information with uncertainty and construct a cognitive map model with incomplete and conflicting information. To better solve the problem of knowledge combination, D-number fuzzy cognitive maps (DFCMs) are also constructed based on D-number theory and fuzzy cognitive maps. In many practical applications, the establishment of fuzzy cognitive maps is usually completed by using a simple arithmetic average method for multiple experts to obtain comprehensive fuzzy cognitive maps. This simple processing method may lead to the loss of some important information so that the synthesized results do not reflect reality. To overcome this challenge, we synthesize the knowledge of multiple experts by using D-number theory and the characteristics of the representation of expert knowledge in FCMs. It is based on expert knowledge, and the synthesized reliability distribution function is used as the basis of final weight synthesis.

Preispitivanje pojma stvari u privatnom pravu

In a rapidly changing World, changes in the field of law are inevitable, both at the theoretical level and in the domain of legal regulation. This, first of all, refers to basic doctrinal notions and legal definitions, which represent the basis for the construction and development of legal institutes. In this context, a special place is occupied by the thing, as a starting category of property law that regulates relations related to the appropriation. In many legal systems, but also in legal doctrine, it is not entirely clear what and under what conditions can be appropriated. This is, on the one hand, a consequence of legal regulation lagging behind changes in society, and on the other, legal science lagging behind other scientific fields and technological development. Serbian civil law is specific in this regard. In legal theory, which has been developing since the beginning of the 20th century under the strong influence of German doctrine and the German Civil Code of 1896, the prevailing view is that things are only matter (a material part of the environment). There is no general conceptual definition in the current laws. That gap can be filled by applying the old rules from the Serbian Civil Code of 1844, which contains a definition that, due to its breadth, is much more suitable for the era in which we live, than the one that the doctrine took over from German law. According to the SCC, "the name of a thing is understood in the legal sense of everything that is not a human being, or is not a person, and serves the needs of a human being." Such determination is closer to the position of fundamental sciences and modern integrative scientific disciplines of the new generation, according to which everything in the human environment is consists of matter, energy and information. Certain changes in the understanding of things occurred under the pressure of time and practical needs. Instead of meeting the changes, legal regulation and legal science react belatedly and intervene to what has been a part of reality for a long time. The gap between the normative and the real is alleviated by the fact that the other two elements of the Universe (energy and information) are also included under the traditional general notion of things (based on the thesis that thing is exclusively matter). Paradoxically, in many countries this was done in the domain of criminal law or under its influence. However, even that change is not enough. It is necessary to make another step towards what is the new reality in the 21st century and accept the fact that energy and (physical, structural) information should not be subsumed under a general term, because they are already part of the thing, they are inside it (as its constituents). Instead, a more abstract and at the same time comprehensive concept should be built. Summa summarum, in the spirit of modern science and in the broadest property law sense, a thing is every component of an environment that can be physically and legally subject to appropriation. Such a notion is sufficiently abstract and broad enough that it can encompass elements that at the current level of development of science and technology are considered to be constituent of everything existing, as well as some new ones, to which the evolution of scientific thought will lead. It can also represent a framework for finding answers to some new legal challenges. For instance, for complex problems related to physical information and the information code of matter such as DNA, which is followed by questions from the domain of biomedical engineering, issues related to the digital shadow of living matter and its reproduction, and in that context, with the so-called bioinformational property. Special attention is required for what is directly related to the fourth industrial revolution, above all the Internet of Things (IoT). Under the influence of technical and technological progress, the boundaries between subjects and objects of law are shifting or even being erased. Some things (understood in a modern way, as a synthesis of matter, energy and information) have or gradually acquire some kind of legal subjectivity. These include humanoid robots, various forms of artificial intelligence, etc. Virtual reality (Cyber space) and its (intangible, digital) entities, such as avatars, digital fashion, digital immortality, etc., represent a special area with which the modern concept of things should be connected. The paper also discusses some important issues related to notions and definitions, with the reasons for their rethinking and methodological approaches to that issue, among which the new scientific encyclopedism and interdisciplinarity are particularly significant.

Integrated Of Islamic Education in Ideology Liberalism

Educational liberalization is a contemporary educational movement in which education must take cultural action for cultural freedom and revolution. The concept of liberalism about education implicitly leads to the idea of integrative education. It is the same with Islamic education, where educational liberalism emphasizes the principle of problem-solving when referring to the concept of the main thing about academic liberalism. The expected goal is about integration between theory and practice. This paper uses qualitative concept research. Data sources come from related articles and books. Then analyzed and described descriptively. The study results indicate that the concept of educational liberalism is under integrative education (idea) or in line with the idea of Islamic education. While the idea of Integrative Islamic education in the ideology of liberalism can be seen in 4 ways. 1) foundation, 2) objectives, 3) methods, and 4) evaluation.

The evolution of philosophical views of R. M. Rilkein the context of his literary works of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries

The works of Rainer Maria Rilke, one of the most influential modernist poets of the XX century does not lose its relevance and continues to draw interest of the researchers. The goal of this work is to trace the evolution of philosophical views of R. M. Rilke in the context of his literary works of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. The research employs hermeneutical approach for interpretation of the texts of R. M. Rilke through the prism of socio-historical conditions of that time. Systematization and generalization of the acquired data allowed assessing the formation and significance of philosophical and aesthetic views of R. M. Rilke, as well as contradictions therein. Rilke did not adhere to any philosophical systems; however, his works reflect the philosophical-worldview principles and patterns of the era, first and foremost, the symbolic aesthetics, philosophy of life, and metaphysics of art of Nietzsche. The philosophical views of R. M. Rilke in the works of his early period developed in pursuit of the unique, and in many ways, subjective attitude towards life. The conducted analysis demonstrates the process of philosophical reorientation from the subject-centered recognition of the great creator towards the objective world of things. In the lecture on Maurice Maeterlinck (1902), Rilke clearly expresses the ideas on the function of art, tasks and capabilities of an artist. After getting familiar with the work of A. Rodin, Rilke turns to the “poem-thing” genre, when the concept of thing encompasses the entire universe. The establishment of transcendental-poetic unity between the subject and the world is one of paramount philosophical ideas in the works of R. M. Rilke. The artist, objectively depicting the “thingness” of the world, is an intermediary between God and the divine spark in its interaction with the real world and man, correlates times and spaces and preserves the eternal values, which comprise the basis of the cultural code of each nation.

Forming issues and publics: participatory design things and uncertain rural futures

Through a case of civic action in relation to rural development in Denmark, this paper contributes its deliberations on rural participatory policy by shedding light on the unordered site of controversy where participatory-oriented policy meets public involvement practices that happen beyond procedural limits. Danish rural planning is marked by economic and population decline and by economic pressure on the municipal sector. In this uncertain situation, rural livelihood and development increasingly rely on citizens. Drawing on perspectives from participatory design, public involvement, and Science and Technology Studies, and mobilizing the concept of design Thing, the paper attempts to understand a citizen-initiated participatory design (PD) process as an experimental means of public involvement in a rural setting. It analyses the intersection between the micro-level activities of the PD process and national and municipal plans, policies and procedures. In doing so, it traces how the socio-material PD process was a civic attempt to contest institutional definitions and to move the power to define issues from the authorities to the community. It analyses the role of the PD process in the articulation of shared issues, and how this process was one event in the ongoing community practices of public-ization of issues and of forming publics, so as to define local trajectories for an uncertain future. Continuing the analysis, the paper considers that the process of issue and public formation is neither linear nor uncontested; there is no single public, but rather multiple and porous configurations of difference and change.

Posthumanism, New Humanism and Beyond

In this paper, we analyse some of the issues associated with the posthumanist rejection of Humanism. First, we discuss some of the possibilities and challenges that New Materialism and the Ontological Turn have brought into archaeology in terms of understanding past ontologies and decolonizing archaeological thought. Then, focusing on the concept of agency, we reflect on how its use by some posthumanist authors risks turning it into an empty signifier, which can have ethical implications and limit archaeology's potential for social critique. The concept of things’ effectancy is presented as a valuable alternative to previous conceptualizations of ‘object agency’. While we acknowledge the heuristic potential of many posthumanist proposals, we believe that humanist perspectives should not be rejected altogether. Instead of creating rigid divides, we argue that elements of New Humanism, as recently defined by philosophical anthropology, can hold value when facing current societal challenges.

RETRACTED: Hospital wireless system processing optimization and clinical efficacy of type 2 diabetes nursing prevention

Hospital support self-care is an important part of diabetes. Self-care only makes the treatment effective, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and, in some cases, chronic diseases are also cost-effective treatment methods. The advent of portable diagnostic procedures, equipment, wearable technology and self-management has been a new development. The concept of Things (IoT) plays an important role in the management of diabetes self-management. Internet monaural auxiliary blood glucose blood pressure sensor value uses diabetes management by monitoring calorie intake and physical activity. This study increases the health care level and provides personal feedback about diabetes management's effective intelligence service model. Before the event, the model, patients, and families recognize the risks and are also described herein based on the Internet of Things (IoT) diabetes self-management of the exchange program.