Concept Of Subjective Well-being Research Articles

Brain Wave Oscillations as an Objective Neurophysiological Biomarker of Homeopathic Subjective Well-Being.

Homeopathy uses the "similitude principle" to arouse a therapeutic reaction in the body against its own disorders. For this to occur optimally, the medicinal pathogenetic effects must present similarity with the totality of the individual's symptoms. To assess if this similarity has been successfully achieved, Hahnemann states that "improvement in the disposition and mind"-i.e., subjective well-being-is the most important parameter to consider. Our aim was to perform a narrative review of the literature, exploring what is known about subjective well-being as a marker of therapeutic action, and to formulate ways in which subjective well-being might be quantifiable and applied in future homeopathy research. The concept of subjective well-being has been extensively studied in the complementary and conventional medical literature. Improved well-being has been observed in clinical trials, including those in the fields of positive psychology and meditation. Positive subjective outcomes of this nature are supported by objective evidence through associated changes in brain oscillatory activity using electroencephalography and/or "brain mapping" by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurophysiological responses in the brain have been identified in subjects after they ingested a homeopathic medicine. The concept of subjective well-being is supported by a body of literature and is a measurable entity. When viewed from the perspective of electrophysiological changes, brain activity is an objective neurophysiological biomarker with a potential to quantify individual well-being in the context of homeopathy research.

The Impact of the Current Crisis on Community’s Subjective State. Directions for Rebuilding Individual Wellbeing in the Post-Crisis Period

The choice of a lifestyle was and will remain an important part of the way in which we organise our life, certainly in the given socio-economic and cultural conditions. Lifestyle is built in agreement with the wish of each and any of us to achieve satisfaction with life, or in philosophical language, happiness. The concept of subjective wellbeing is a fundamental one in the quality-of-life paradigm. The main indicator of the subjective state is satisfaction with life. Global satisfaction with life is the outcome of the degree of fulfillment of the individual as general average of all fields of life. In this indicator are included important human benefits, results of economic growth in relationship with the wishes and aspirations to happiness and welfare. They express the permanent orientation of the individual towards self-development/self-construction. In fact, satisfaction with life, as subjective state of individual wellbeing depends on both economic personal welfare (living standard, income, employment, financial situation) and on the state of society’s organization and governance quality, family situation, type of interpersonal and neighborship relations, social participation, etc. The lifestyle is also a key-factor here. Sectoral indicators of satisfaction with life cover the main spheres of human existence (family, profession, work, free time, safety, civic and political participation, personal development, interpersonal relationships, neighborship and friendship relationships, etc.). Subjective wellbeing or “subjective/perceived quality of life” is a critical structural component of the global state of wellbeing. It is the human filter of the objective living conditions. The subjective quality of life is not just the summation of the quality of life’s components, but more than that, the synthesis of its results: the state of human balance, tranquility, wellness. And, the result might allow accessing happiness, the perpetual aspiration of the human. By means of the subjective indicators for satisfaction with life, happiness benefits of ways for precise measurement and analysis. The concept of happiness is a key-concept of all philosophical systems, but it entered by operational forms also in socio-humane, medical and economic sciences, etc.

Values as Motives: Implications for theory, methods, and practice.

The concept of human values is central to the study of culture, ethics, politics, anthropology, sociology, social psychology, environmental studies, health policy, education, management, and human capital. Because it represents the ultimate "why" behind decisions and behaviors, as a concept it plays an outsized role in both theory and practice in each of these fields. Despite the centrality of human values in these domains, the concept lacks theoretical consensus among scholars and practitioners. Like the concepts of subjective well-being, organizational culture, employee engagement, and leadership, the values literature suffers from concept proliferation and cries out for clearly stated definitions that embed the concept within a solid theoretical framework. In this article, we advocate for a fundamental reconsideration of the concept of values, anchoring it within a new psychological theory of human motivation based on first principles. Our primary contribution lies in demonstrating that the operational definitions utilized by academics and practitioners alike can be thought of as attempts to approach concepts of human motivation, specifically, emotional needs, without fully getting there. We review the leading definitions of human values in the literature, concluding that they can be distilled to a fundamental set of human emotional needs, each associated with extensive literatures of their own. We introduce a comprehensive framework of 12 human emotional needs and argue that a comprehensive motivational framework offers significant advantages over current theoretical approaches, which tend to spin off an ever-expanding list of concepts. We consider the impact of embedding values concepts within existing motivational constructs with clear benefits for: (a) theory development, (b) method development, and (c) practical applications, emphasizing the advantages of clear operational definitions.

Emotional well-being of schoolchildren: theoretical foundations and prospects for research

Introduction. Within the framework of current educational reforms, a trend towards raising requirements for intellectual and psycho-emotional abilities of all educational process participants has become evident. With an increasing number of emotionally intense events, the issue of forming and maintaining the emotional well-being of schoolchildren is becoming more urgent. The key feature of the school environment is emotional well-being, which the authors define as a stable and emotionally positive state of a child in the learning environment; and which is based on satisfying one’s age-related needs, awareness of one’s own emotions and possession of the skills of emotional regulation and reflection.Aim. The article aims to formulate and analyse the problem of emotional well-being, to provide an overview of scientific approaches to its operationalisation, and to determine methodological foundations and directions for assessing the emotional well-being of Russian schoolchildren.Methodology and research methods. Research methods include a review of scientific works by contemporary Russian and foreign scholars; systemic, comparative, and logical analysis of modern approaches to the notion of emotional well-being of schoolchildren. The research methodological foundation is rooted in the provisions of positive psychology, the concepts of subjective well-being (N. Bradburn, E. Dinner) and psychological well-being (C. Ryff), self-determination theory (M. Seligman, R. M. Ryan, E. L. Deci), and ecological systems theory (W. Bronfenbrenner).Results and scientific novelty. The paper determines scientific approaches to analyse emotional well-being of a schoolchild, contributes to the concept of operationalisation, and defines the directions for assessing emotional well-being on the basis of two factors: social environment and personal characteristics of a schoolchild.Practical significance. The research results can be used as a foundation for designing the empirical research into characteristics of the emotional well-being of Russian schoolchildren. The present findings might help to develop a programme for improving schoolchildren emotional well-being considered as a key factor to assess schoolchildren emotional well-being in the learning environment in the context of constant social transformations.

Human-built environment interactions: the relationship between subjective well-being and perceived neighborhood environment characteristics

The neighborhood is one of the most fundamental urban elements and acts as the intermediary link between the city and citizens to enhance the quality of life. The present study examined the significance of the relationship between the subjective well-being of citizens and perceived neighborhood environment characteristics in urban historical fabrics for creating healthy neighborhoods. To this end, a survey research method was employed, and the data were collected via questionnaires. The population consisted of all the citizens of the historical neighborhood of Sange Siah in Shiraz, Iran, who lived or worked in the neighborhood and used the neighborhood spaces daily. A Nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficient was run to assess the correlation between the variables. The results showed that the component of social inclusion from among the six components of subjective well-being had a significant positive correlation with perceived neighborhood environment characteristics (r = 0.712). In the following, the components of satisfaction with life (0.614), mental well-being (0.569), positive and negative effect (0.526), and feeling of happiness (0.468) had a moderate positive correlation; and the component of physical and mental health also had a weak positive correlation with perceived neighborhood environment characteristics (0.230). In addition, the concept of subjective well-being with a correlation coefficient of 0.579 had a moderate positive correlation with perceived neighborhood environment characteristics, which indicates that the structural characteristics of the neighborhood have a significant relationship with the subjective well-being of the people living in the neighborhood.

How important is subjective well-being for patients? A qualitative interview study of people with psoriasis

PurposeThis qualitative study aimed to investigate the importance of subjective well-being (SWB) as an outcome of psoriasis treatment from patient’s perspective. We focused on the affective component of SWB as assessed with the Daily Experience Sampling Questionnaire (DESQ), a validated daily diary.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with in-patients of a dermatological rehabilitation clinic, after participants had completed the DESQ for up to seven days to get familiar with the concept of SWB. Patients were asked to reflect on the importance of SWB as treatment goal and on its relative importance as compared with other treatment outcomes. We also addressed whether SWB could be an indirect measure of benefit in that it reflects other important outcomes. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsEleven patients participated (24–63 years, mean 53 years, 8 male, 3 female). Participants uniformly confirmed that changes in SWB reflected treatment benefit. All but one considered SWB to be a central aspect of treatment benefit—either as the most important treatment goal or as an indirect benefit indicator. In particular, participants described positive associations of SWB with other outcomes, such as symptoms. They reported that both the disease and the medical treatment had an impact on their SWB, which was reflected in the DESQ.ConclusionOur findings suggest that SWB is a relevant indicator of treatment benefit for patients with psoriasis. Therefore, SWB measures, such as the DESQ, could be used to operationalize patient-relevant benefit of psoriasis treatment, complementing outcome measures currently used.

Validation And Measurement Invariance Of The Ukrainian Version Of The Scale Of Positive And Negative Experiences (SPANE)

Psychological well-being is determined from different positions in positive psychology, one of which is the concept of subjective well-being as a three-factor construct – global satisfaction with life, positive affect and negative affect. In this crossover study, the Ukrainian version of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (SPANE) has been adapted Ukrainian population and validated as an improved diagnostic tool for emotional component of subjective well-being. The sample consisted of 458 Ukrainians aged from 18 to 55 years (Md = 19; 42,4% were men). The questionnaire has been translated using forward-backward method. Confirmatory factor analysis has been performed to estimate factorial structure of the questionnaire, reliability and measurement invariance. It has confirmed that a two-factor model in which a positive affect (SPANE-P) and a negative affect (SPANE-N) have a moderate negative correlation (r = -0,594) fits empirical data better than one-factor model, model with two uncorrelated factors and bifactor model. The composite reliability is 0,909 for SPANE-P and 0,861 for SPANE-N. The convergent validity has been determined by the average variance extracted index, which is 0,630 for SPANE-P and 0,533 for SPANE-N. Discriminatory validity, determined by the Furnell’s and Larker method and the Heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratio of correlation, is satisfactory for both SPANE subscales. The measurement invariance for gender and age (early maturity and middle-aged) has been estimated. Measurement strong invariance has been confirmed that allows us to compare mean values of latent constructs across these groups. It has been found that women reports higher levels of negative affect than men. The results of the study showed that he Ukrainian version of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (SPANE) has acceptable psychometric properties, shows measurement invariance for age and gender and can be used as effective tool for studying affective well-being of Ukrainians.

SUBJECTIVE SEXUAL WELL-BEING: CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL

The importance of interpersonal and sexual relations and realized sexuality in the concepts of subjective well-being is considered quite often, but the understanding of sexual well-being is presented rather vaguely, mainly in the context of medical issues as the absence of sexual dysfunction, as a component of sexual health, is equated with the satisfaction of sexual life. This article uses theoretical research methods - analysis, generalization, synthesis, conceptualization and modelling. Based on theories and approaches to subjective well-being, is highlights the concept of sexual well-being and presents a psychological model of subjective sexual well-being. We define sexual well-being as the harmonious realization by the subject of his sexuality on the bodily-physical, soul-emotional and spiritual-mental levels; a person's harmonious experience of belonging to the sex and an adaptive way of realizing this belonging. In a broad sense, subjective sexual well-being can be seen as a multifactorial construct that reflects the complex interrelationships of cultural (for example, continuum of norms accepted in culture), social (permissibility of certain thoughts and actions), psychological (cognitive, emotional and behavioral; for example, attractiveness, desirability, satisfaction, self-esteem), physical (physical attractiveness, sexual constitution) and spiritual factors (transcendence, axiological interpretation). Sexual well-being can be considered on at least two levels - non-deficient, from the standpoint of the absence of disorders and problems; and at the level of eudemonic, meaningful, existentially filled. According to the levels of sexual development, sexual well-being can be assessed at the bodily-physical level, soul-emotional and mental-spiritual level. Sexual well-being can be represented in the trinity of cognitive, emotional and conative (motivational, behavioral) components. The cognitive component includes: self-awareness as a representative of the sex, acceptance of one's own self-sexual, acceptance of one's own gender, orientation and attraction, one's own body, corporeality, acceptance of a partner, partnership, trust and openness, communication. The emotional component includes a positive assessment of oneself as a sexual subject, satisfaction with a partner, partnership, intimacy, satisfaction with sexual life. The conative component includes: libido, sexual interest, openness of experience, adaptive sexual scenarios, sexual security (absence of violence, coercion, blackmail, discrimination), freedom of expression, equal partnership. Factors of sexual well-being are individual (permissiveness, sexual interest, realized sexuality), dyadic (relationships as value, sexual communication, intimacy, trust, openness) and evaluation factors (satisfaction with one's own self-sexual, satisfaction with sexual relations, partnership, satisfaction with sexual life in general). We can talk about the levels of determinations of sexual well-being: 1) ) determinants of the personal level or microsystem (socio-demographic characteristics, sexual dysfunctions, personality traits, sexual self-disclosure, attitudes toward sexuality and subjective well-being); 2) determinants of the interpersonal level or mesosystem (characteristics of the relationship itself, sexual communication, intimacy, equality, openness, trust, romantic love, partnership), 3) determinants of exosystems (traditions, family values, social support, pregnancy, parenthood, victimization and victimization) in childhood); 4) determinants of macrosystems (religiosity and political ideology, public morals and values, freedom of expression). Further study of sexual well-being requires empirical verification of theoretical assumptions, clarification of empirical criteria of sexual well-being with the help of our developed psychological tools for psychodiagnostic measurement of this indicator.

Evolution of the Subject Area of Happiness and Subjective Well-Being Research in World and Russian Science

The article provides an analytical overview of the peculiarities of the international and Russian tradition of studying overlapping structures describing happiness, subjective well-being, quality of life and satisfaction. The semantic content of such constructions and the peculiarities of their use in empirical research are studied. The most common and studied determinants of subjective well-being are described. Existing Russian and international databases that can serve as sources of well-being analysis in the time and cross-country space are considered. A semantic analysis of the concept of "happiness" as the closest and most commonly used synonym for the term "subjective well-being" is conducted. The discussion questions of the relationship of theoretical constructs describing the concept of subjective well-being are discussed in detail. A characterisation of the extent to which the existing needs of an individual are met has been proposed as a basis for developing similar structures, where it is important to take into account the individual specificity and level character of the needs themselves. It has been shown that the concept of subjective well-being is adequately described by the parameter of need satisfaction, the indicator of which is positive emotions. A model of subjective well-being is considered, which takes into account the difference between the hedonistic component characterized by a measure of satisfaction with universal basic needs determined by material and other resources, and the eudemonistic component characterising success in achieving individual meaningful life goals. The article provides an analysis of the fact that a person's well-being is determined both through an assessment or self-assessment of his or her social status and situation, his or her ideas about the possibility and feasibility of achieving the desired goal. On this basis, a two-level model of subjective well-being is proposed, distinguishing between an affective component, such as an assessment of an individual's emotional balance at the time of measurement and a cognitive component, which characterises the assessment of quality of life in general, the degree of subjectivity and reasonableness in achieving a person's life goals.

The Turkish Adaptation of the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: A Validity and Reliability Study

Eudaimonic well-being is described as the individual endeavor to discover and develop one’s best potentials and abilities, to determine suitable objectives for these potentials and being internally motivated to reach these objectives. It is thus differentiated from the concepts of subjective well-being and psychological well-being. In the current study, it was aimed to adapt the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB) to the Turkish language and determine the psychometric properties of this self-report measurement. The sample of this study consisted of 424 university students with a mean age of 21.12 (SD=1.47; 77.1% female, 22.9% male). Exploratory factor analysis results showed a three-factor structure. The results of correlation analysis supported that the QEWB-TR had convergent (positive correlations with psychological well-being, subjective well-being, life satisfaction, positive emotion, and global self-esteem measurements) and discriminant validity (negative correlations with negative emotion, contingent self-esteem, external locus of control, depression, anxiety, and stress measurements). The reliability analyses revealed that this measurement had good internal consistency (.84) and the split-half reliability (.75) coefficients. In conclusion, the findings of the current study revealed that the QEWB-TR was a reliable and valid scale to assess eudaimonic well-being of individuals in Turkey. Keywords The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being, scale adaptation, validity, reliability

A Brief Measure of Parental Wellbeing for Use in Evaluations of Family-Centred Interventions for Children with Developmental Disabilities.

Increasing emphasis is placed on the provision of family-centred interventions when children have developmental disabilities with the aim of supporting parents as well as fostering the child’s development. Although various instruments have been developed to assess parental health, stress and quality of life, these are rarely used by practitioners because of the burden they place on informants. A brief measure, rooted in the concept of subjective wellbeing, was developed and tested with over 400 parents of children with ASD participating in a home-based intervention. Consisting of eight items and using a 10-point rating scale, the measure was readily understood and accepted by parents. The items contributed to one main factor that confirmed the measure’s construct validity. The internal reliability of the scale was reasonable, and there was promising evidence of test–retest reliability. There is evidence too for criterion validity through a significant relationship with a measure of parental mental health. The summary score derived from the measure was sensitive to the predicted differences on wellbeing scores by parent characteristics as well as to features of their engagement with the intervention. This brief assessment tool could help practitioners to evidence the impact of their family-centred interventions.

The concept of subjective well-being: its origins an application in tourism research: a critical review with reference to China

Purpose The subject of “well-being” has attracted attention from tourism scholars, but differences and misuses in approach have meant that academic contributions and knowledge accumulation to the tourism literature remain relatively little. This paper attempts to clarify the theoretical source of subjective well-being, and critically reflect on the problems existing in the study of well-being when applied to tourism. It is suggested that subjective well-being belongs to the category of “quality of life” and has multiple philosophical foundations and theoretical sources including theories of hedonism, expectation, happiness and various itemised lists of emotions. A hybrid research method is suggested when applying the concept to tourism.

Subjective well-being of the informal workers: an empirical study from Hooghly district of West Bengal, India

Based on primary data from urban and rural informal workers in Hooghly district of India, the paper attempts to explore the welfare of informal workers using the concept of subjective well-being. Subjective well-being is conceptualised through two broad dimensions-psychological well-being and life satisfaction. An individual-specific composite index is constructed to quantify subjective well-being followed by a series of regression analysis on the constructed indices. The findings suggest income to be a strong positive influencer of overall subjective well-being as well as life satisfaction and psychological well-being of informal workers. But a segregated analysis reveals that factors influencing subjective well-being distinctly differ across rural and urban workers. Rural workers tend to have higher well-being score than their urban counterpart and income does not have significant effect on their subjective well-being. Also, regular wage-earners tend to score higher in overall subjective wellbeing as well as life satisfaction than self-employed and casual labours.

How Much Do Sources of Happiness Vary Across Countries? A\xa0Review of the Empirical Literature

This article presents a review of empirical research exploring cross-national differences in the correlates of subjective well-being (SWB). I start by giving an overview of the concept of SWB across psychological, sociological, and economic literature. Measures of SWB have good cross-cultural validity, yet there is currently little consensus regarding the cultural universality of the definition of happiness. An overview of existing empirical literature points toward robust cross-national differences in mean levels of SWB that are associated with national differences in wealth and other socioeconomic, political, and cultural factors. The degree to which individual-level variables are associated with SWB is also subject to cross-national variations. Many individuals’ characteristics contribute to happiness to the extent that they are beneficial, socially desirable, and aspired to in a particular sociocultural context. These results are discussed in light of two theoretical approaches (institutional and fit hypotheses). Directions for future research are proposed.

PERSONALITY MATURITY AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN STUDENTS OF FULL-TIME AND CORRESPONDENCE FORMS OF STUDYING IN THE UNIVERSITY

The article contains the research of connections between personality maturity and subjective wellbeing in full-time and correspondence course psychology students. The concept of personality maturity is considered in terms of O.S.Shteppe’s and Yu.Z.Hilbukh’s approaches, the concept of subjective well-being is considered in terms of E. Diener’s hedonistic approach. For empirical study there were used such methods as Personality Maturity Questionnaire Yu.Z. Hilbukh, Personality Maturity Questionnaire O.S.Shteppe , Subjec tive Well-being Scale A. Perrudet-Badoux in V.N.Sokolova adaptation, Satisfaction with Life Scale E. Diener in D.O.Leontiev adaptation, Subjective Happiness Scale S. Lyubomirsky. The subjects of the research were second year students since this period can be considered the most stable of whole studying time. It’s revealed that the most psychology students have got acceptable level of personality maturity by Yu.Z.Hilbukh that is very high, high or satisfactory level. According to O.S.Shteppe the most of them have got required level of personality maturity. Students feel subjective well-being on emotional and cognitive level by average measure, they feel happy with their life by higher than average measure. Personality maturity in general is signifiantly correlates with subjective well-being in the emotional aspect and satisfaction with life as cognitive aspect of subjective well-being in students of both forms of studying. Also the tendency to form connection between personality maturity and feeling of happiness is revealed in full-time students. Correlations between com ponents of personality maturity and subjective well-being were obtained for full-time and correspondence course students separately. In full-time student’s different aspects of subjective well-being are more wildly connected with such components of personality maturity as motivation of achievement, self-acceptance and life philosophy. In correspondence course students, aspects of subjective well-being are to more extent connected with components of personality maturity as contactability, tolerance and synergy. It can have argued that full-time students to feel emotionally comfortable need to have dispositions which regulate relations with themselves, but correspondence course students need to have dispositions which are demanded in communication and building ofrelationships.

Ideas of Subjective Well-Being in Democratic and Nondemocratic Societies: A Comparative Study

AbstractBeing socially determined constructs, concepts of subjective well-being (swb) affect the motivation behind people’s behavior in every society. Usually, subjective well-being is measured using the survey questions about life satisfaction. Using multilevel modeling with individual and cross-national data from the World Values Survey on 65 countries for the 2005-2014 periods, this research confirms that life satisfaction determinants which constitute pivotal elements of subjective well-being differ significantly in democratic and nondemocratic social contexts. The effect of marital relations, participation in sports organizations and church attendance on life satisfaction is stronger in democratic social contexts than in nondemocratic ones. While the effect of income, educational level, participation in non-sports organizations and religiosity is stronger in a nondemocratic social context. These results contribute to a non-institutional measure of modern democracy, dispel some myths about modern democratic and nondemocratic values, and show the potency and applicability of a sociological approach in the field ofswbstudies.

The Concept of Subjective Well-being in Housing Research

The aim of this article is to review the ways in which subjective well-being has been conceptualized within housing research, with a view to evaluating the use of the concept, the insights it has generated, the problems that have been experienced and the possible range of lessons that might be taken forward. The article begins with an analysis of the reasons why subjective well-being has become popular as a conceptual tool in many fields. The article continues with a discussion of the range of definitions that appear in the literature which leads into discussions of the research techniques and methodologies that have been used in empirical research. Empirical studies which focussed on the impact of physical housing conditions and tenure on subjective well-being are reviewed in order to evaluate what is known about the impact of housing on both personal and collective subjective well-being. This review highlights issues of status, reference groups and adaptation that are important insights from the subjective well-being approach that should set the agenda for further research in this area. The conclusion is that the relationship between housing and subjective well-being is a complex one that repays further study in order to understand the rich texture of the role of housing in people’s lives. The article concludes with suggestions for both conceptual and methodological approaches and the focus of future research.

Technology acceptance among micro-entrepreneurs in marginalized social strata: The case of social innovation in Bangladesh

Technology adoption by the marginalized community is indeed an important issue in global poverty reduction. To realize it, this paper contributes by doing an empirical test of the technology acceptance model, amongst those users typically always deprived in the existing social structure. Firstly, the study aims to examine the influence of Technology Readiness Index (TRI) 2.0′s four indicators (optimism, innovativeness, discomfort and insecurity) on bKash entrepreneurs' perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) of bKash technology. Secondly, it aims to investigate the effect of ‘bKash’ entrepreneurs' PEOU and PU on their well-being. A total of 360 usable data were collected from the bKash agents in Bangladesh. We employed SEM-PLS3.0 for data analysis. The results indicate that optimism and innovativeness strongly drive perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Subjective well-being was found to be strongly predicted by perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The study indicates that poor people are somewhat ready to use and accept technology that leads to a sense of well-being. Bringing together the concept of subjective well-being with TRI and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is this paper's contribution to the knowledge domain.

Subjective Well-Being among Institutionalized and Non- Institutionalized Senior Citizens

The concept of subjective well-being has ever been a matter of intense debate and it has always cogitated the minds of great thinkers all over the world ever since the inception of human civilization .Still it is difficult to define it comprehensively as to what constitutes good life. It varies from individual to individual as some people think material wealth is the source of happiness where as for others, it is renunciation. In fact, the Weser and the Eastern cultures are markedly different on the issue of subjective well-being as the former has always gone for how much more it can have and the later struggled for the least requirement of life. Naturally, the dichotomy is science versus religion or more precisely, it is materialism versus spiritualism. The result is that the West has developed the empirical science and the East has excelled in spirituality. Thus, the overall culture influences the mass into grasping the philosophy of subjective well-being on the average. That’s why the count on subjective well-being may be subjected to external or internal factors like sense-pleasure, human relationship, love-needs, material gain or renunciation leading to spiritual upliftment.

The Effectiveness of Healthy Lifestyle on Psychological Well-Being and Academic Motivation among Female Students

The existence of a healthy society depends on the health of adolescents and youth, dynamic and joyful. One of the things that help young people grow up healthy, psychological well-being is. Psychological well-being refers to the assessment of their life. The assessment of the cognitive judgment (life satisfaction) and to evaluate the emotional (feeling and positive and negative emotions) and covers (Deiner, 2005). The model has three components to the concept of subjective well-being offer. The first component with the consent of the various aspects of life (such as employment, marriage, parenting, friendship and The life of a whole) related to aspects of cognitive psychological well-being, two other components of the structure (positive affect and Negative) dimensions that describe daily emotional experiences (Bakhshi Pour, 2005). It is said that if a person's life satisfaction and euphoria, and only occasionally experience the thrill of such as sadness and anger experience, The psychological well-being is high, and vice versa, if you are unhappy with your life, joy and little interest continuous experience negative emotions such as anger and anxiety and feels, have lower psychological well-being is (Lavassani et al., 2013). In addition to the psychological well-being, according to the academic motivation and academic success youth field can provide population growth. Motivation is defined as a set of factors that led people to the activities and objectives There, it will lead and continuation of the (Kareshki, Momeni & Ghoreshi, 2014). In the field of education, motivation is a three-dimensional phenomenon encompassing individual beliefs about the ability to perform of the reasons or puiposes for participation in the activity and emotional responses associated with it it is an activity. Experts, motivation into two main groups, namely internal and external motivation has been divided, attractive intrinsic motivation necessary to perform an activity, created while under the influence of motivation The purpose of the specific activity of an independent external flashes (Pintrich & Shonk, 1998, translation Mehmaz Shahraray, 2012). To create psychological well-being and enhance motivation in school, there are various methods and techniques. It seems one of the effective methods of treatment approaches, methods of teaching a healthy lifestyle to students (Samimi et al., 2006; Hosseini, 2012). Both positive and negative aspects of lifestyle (healthy and high-risk) is. Many studies show that people who choose a healthy lifestyle risk behaviors are less flexible. Cockerham (2004) defines healthy lifestyle: a lifestyle, collective patterns of healthy behavior choices based on people and their lives in accordance with the position. Choose any form of consumerism lifestyle includes such choices, particularly in food, clothing, appearance, car, leisure, etc shapes, while Cockerham (2004) of these cases goes beyond the decision on the food, safety belts, hygiene, brushing and is considered part of a healthy lifestyle. In other words, healthy lifestyle choices of individuals, according to the situations of life. These choices impact on health-related behaviors (Noor Mohamadi Najafabadi, & Siddiqi Arfai 2011). Therefore, it is necessary to improve the health of a society to be given a healthier lifestyle. In this context Poladfar and Ahmadi (2006) as the relationship between lifestyle management and high school teachers of psychological disorders, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between lifestyle and psychological disorders and the equation is reversed is meant to increase the level of life, reduced psychological disorders. Chen et al. (2005) conducted a study as lifestyle and its relation to quality mental health in adolescents Japan did research results showed that lifestyle as an indicator of physical health on the basis of what is generally accepted to be mental health is anticipated. In addition to physical exercise and proper nutrition is also a positive impact on the health officials also daily lifestyle such as eating breakfast or take part in regular physical exercise have a direct relationship with mental health. …