Concept Of Spontaneity Research Articles

Spoken Speech and Spontaneous Discourse: Buryat Language

Nowadays spoken speech is of great interest to researchers, because modern linguistics aims not only to describe normative, as a rule, written speech, but also to explain the causes of grammatical deviations appearing in spoken speech. The urgency of the article is due to the absence of the term “oral spontaneous discourse” in the theoretical literature. The purpose of the research is to attempt to get a holistic view of spoken spontaneous discourse as an object of scientific research and to make up a possible version of definition of this concept based on the data of scientific works in the field of neuropsychology by A.R. Luria, in the field of psycholinguistics by A.A. Leontiev and in the field of discourse analysis by A.A. Kibrik. The article explores main features of spoken spontaneous speech and discourse, and special attention is paid to the concept of spontaneity of speech. There is a brief analysis of examples of spoken monologue speech (not spontaneous and spontaneous) in Buryat language, which was made by an auditory voice analysis and with use of computer program “Speech Analizer”, the article formulates a variative and relatively precise definition of spoken spontaneous discourse.

Exploratory Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Discussion Sessions as a Teaching Strategy on the Concepts of Spontaneity

An exploratory study to determine the effectiveness of discussion sessions as a teaching strategy of Thermodynamics in Basic Physical Chemistry of fundamental concepts in this area as spontaneity by explaining students according to their ideas. A previously validated questionnaire was used as an instrument on Thermochemistry, Enthalpies of Bonding, and Gibbs Function. The performance of the students who participated in the intervention was compared with that of a control group to which the afore mentioned teaching strategy was not applied. The students of the intervened group explained with a higher academic level the concept of spontaneity than those of the control group reaching the level of the development of the process of effective chemical reasoning (DECRP) of the taxonomy of Barrow and Bloom.

Shutter/Shudder to Think: Cinema after Cage

When invited by Martin Scorsese to compose an original soundtrack for Shutter Island, Robbie Robertson, The Band’s guitarist and Scorsese’s long-time collaborator, proposed a selection of works by modern composers instead. Among those were Root of an Unfocus (1944) and Music for Marcel Duchamp (1947) by the avant-garde composer John Cage. The first is a prepared piano piece conceived at a pivotal moment in Cage’s career as he moved away from composing for percussion orchestra; the second accompanied the color animation sequence in Dreams that Money Can Buy by the Dadaist painter and filmmaker Hans Richter. Employing indeterminate methods to “circumvent any conscious or unconscious communication of his own subjectivity through his music,” Cage’s “aleatory” approach has subsequently been deployed by artists and filmmakers, its anarchic possibilities steadily infiltrating a range of filmic practices. Taking as my point of departure Cage’s largely unacknowledged influence on mainstream cinema, I explore the inventive potentials of his methods and consider them in light of Adorno’s aesthetic category of the “shudder”, a novel concept of spontaneity involving “involuntary and free receptivity before the unknown.” I conclude by focusing on cinema after Cage in three geographic regions: Asia, Europe, and North America.

The Concept of Spontaneity and its Relationship with the Individual Characteristics of Personality

In this article, the authors consider the concept of spontaneity and the relationship of this characteristic with such individual personality characteristics as locus of control, autonomy, tolerance to uncertainty, creativity, self-regulation, flexibility in communication and spontaneity itself. The authors conduct an experiment that allows to trace this relationship. The research involved 205 people between the ages of 18 and 40, including 125 people living in Ukraine and 80 people living and studying abroad. The Ukrainian study group consisted of 82 women and 43 men. The group of foreign researchers consisted of 52 women and 28 men. To study the impact on the spontaneity of the sociocultural experience of the individual, representatives of other communities aged 18–39 were involved. The sample of foreign respondents was divided into 4 groups: countries in Europe, countries in Asia and Africa, CIS countries and other countries in the world 80 people in total. In the study, the authors conclude that spontaneity does not exist separately from other personality characteristics, is not an independent personal property that develops according to its own laws, but is closely connected with many important personality formations and structures, and in order to understand how these connections function, it is not enough to investigate spontaneity separately from other personality traits.

Spontaneity of consciousness in Dzogchen philosophy

This article examines the phenomenon of spontaneity of consciousness from the perspective of Dzogchen philosophy – one of the doctrines of Tibetan Buddhism. It views spontaneity as the initial and intrinsic, but at the same time latent quality of human consciousness. Liberation in Dzogchen, first and foremost, is related to person’s achievement of spontaneous state. It becomes possible through revelation and support of this state of mind. However, the method of achieving of this state, as well as such understanding of liberation drastically differ from many other traditions and ways of self-improvements, including those accepted in other schools of Buddhism. The goal of this article consists in determination of possible interpretations, as well as demonstrated importance of the concept of spontaneity in Dzogchen, its role in the philosophy and practices based on the traditional views of this doctrine. In the course of the research, comparison is conducted  on comprehension of the problematic of spontaneity in Dzogchen and classical Western philosophical thought in the context of consideration of the question of spontaneity and freedom of Kant’s philosophy of mind, determining parallels and common grounds between them. The conclusion is made on substantial similarity in understanding of the qualities of human consciousness, possibilities of its freedom and ways towards its achievement.

The Speaker's Experience of Stuttering: Measuring Spontaneity.

Purpose This study measures the experience of spontaneous speech in everyday speaking situations. Spontaneity of speech is a novel concept developed to account for the subjective experience of speaking. Spontaneous speech is characterized by little premeditation and effortless production, and it is enjoyable and meaningful. Attention is not directed on the physical production of speech. Spontaneity is intended to be distinct from fluency so that it can be used to describe both stuttered and fluent speech. This is the first study to attempt to measure the concept of spontaneity of speech. Method The experience sampling method was used with 44 people who stutter. They were surveyed five times a day for 1 week through their cell phones. They reported on their perceived spontaneity, fluency, and speaking context. Results Results indicate that spontaneity and fluency are independent, though correlated, constructs that vary with context. Importantly, an increase in spontaneity significantly decreases the adverse impact of stuttering on people's lives. Fluency did not significantly affect adverse life impact of stuttering. Conclusion Findings support a theoretical construct of spontaneity that is distinct from speech fluency and that can inform our views of stuttering and approaches to stuttering treatment.

A criação de histórias no centro de convivência: um encontro espontâneo por meio do psicodrama

This article will describe the experience of building a Story Creating Stories Workshop in a Living Center in the city of Campinas; such experience was developed from the work of a mental health resident, having as theoretical basis the Psychodrama, especially the concept of spontaneity. Through the act of creating stories it was possible to realize that the frequenters could experience their spontaneity in other ways. It is suggested that the Living Together Center should be a space that turns to inclusion and health promotion, but also to the spontaneity and protagonism of its users.

Rosa Luxemburg’s Concept of Spontaneity and Creativity in Proletarian Mass Movements—Theory and Practice

ABSTRACTIn her 1906 booklet, “The Mass Strike, the Political Party, and the Trade Unions,” Rosa Luxemburg described her basic concept of democracy and emphasized the importance of spontaneity in proletarian mass movements. According to Luxemburg, socialist party leaders should accept and support the spontaneity of the workers, as it would result in an increase in readiness for action and creativity on the part of the masses; it would also strengthen labor organizations. The strong connection between spontaneity and creativity in the proletarian mass movements is also found in other of Luxemburg’s works, such as “The Crisis of Social Democracy” (1915), her unfinished manuscript on “The Russian Revolution” (September/October 1918) and the “Spartacus Program” (December 1918). Analyzing the anti-war mass movements in Germany from 1916 until 1918, we can see that Luxemburg’s concept of the close connection between spontaneity and creativity became reality, especially during Germany’s successful November Revolution in 1918.

‘Our world was made by nature’: constructions of spontaneous order

ABSTRACT This article explores the concepts of spontaneity and spontaneous order, in particular their deployment by Friedrich Hayek and Karl Polanyi. Although in many respects these thinkers were poles apart, the article identifies a point of convergence. They both mobilize the concept of spontaneity in a manner that naturalizes a particular social process: for Hayek, the market economy, for Polanyi, society’s protective movement that arises in reaction against the market economy. To contextualize the uses of spontaneity by Hayek and Polanyi, I trace its evolution, with reference to Leibniz, Mandeville, and the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment. Having sketched the ways in which earlier thinkers understood spontaneity, I turn finally to Hayek and Polanyi. I argue that their invocations of spontaneity and spontaneous order contribute to a downplaying of relations of domination and exploitation. While Hayek sees the market system as the exemplar of spontaneous order, for Polanyi, the concept of spontaneity underpins his belief that the protective countermovement is a ‘natural’ reaction to the evils of market society; as such, power relations pass beneath the radar.

Methodology in Aristotle's Theory of Spontaneous Generation.

Aristotle's theory of spontaneous generation offers many puzzles to those who wish to understand his theory both within the context of his biology and within the context of his more general philosophy of nature. In this paper, I approach the difficult and vague elements of Aristotle's account of spontaneous generation not as weaknesses, but as opportunities for an interesting glimpse into the thought of an early scientist struggling to reconcile evidence and theory. The paper has two goals: (1) to give as charitable and full an account as possible of what Aristotle's theory of spontaneous generation was, and to examine some of its consequences; and (2) to reflect on Aristotle as a scientist, and what his comments reveal about how he approached a difficult problem. In particular, I propose that the well-recognized problem of the incompatibility between Aristotle's concept of spontaneity and his theory of spontaneous generation presents an opportunity for insight into his scientific methodology when approaching ill-understood phenomena.

Psychodrama and Post-Modernity: Spontaneity as a resistance to the actual powers

Psychodrama is a project developed in Modernity that seeks to combat social forms that threaten human freedom. This study aims to investigate the possibilities of Psychodrama’s performance before the subjective and social changes in Post-Modernity. Nowadays, it can be noticed some increasing experiences of impotence, personal inadequacy and self-deprecation. The idea of spontaneity as an effort to regain a presence that enhances a percipient body in action that apprehends the reality in its multiple meanings by seeking to transform the context is an important contribution to psychodrama. The concept of spontaneity may represent a strategy of resistance to the actual powers that desvitalize creative capabilities and destroy the self-confidence of the postmodern subjects.

The Concept of Spontaneity in Sozo Kurahashi’s Views on Musical Expression

The Concept of Spontaneity in Sozo Kurahashi’s Views on Musical Expression

A secure mobile group buying system based on the concept of spontaneity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a secure mobile group-buying system for application on spontaneous group-buying websites. Design/methodology/approach The proposed mechanism uses the Schnorr digital signature technique. Findings The proposed scheme is able to satisfy many security requirements. The computation costs of each phase and party were also analyzed, and the communication cost of each phase was calculated. Originality/value The results indicate that the proposed scheme is suitable for real-world application.

A Study on Science Students’ Understanding of Three Lemmas: State Verb, Action Verb and Noun in the State Run Colleges in Pakistan

<p>English main verbs are classified as stative and dynamic. At first, this paper deals with the analysis of stative verbs, highlights their true nature and function and illustrates the concept of spontaneity within the state verbs. Secondly, it expounds how the term ‘lemma’ helps in sorting out the same words representing different parts of speech. Finally, it reports on the level of the science students’ competency in the use of state verbs, action verbs and nouns. For this purpose, 300 science students of intermediate level were selected as participants for the present study. A language proficiency test was conducted to collect data. The results revealed that majority of the students had scanty understanding of nouns and state verbs but their recognition of action verbs had been of average level. Some suggestions for improved pedagogy in teaching English grammar have been suggested on the basis of these findings.</p>

Working with(out) a net: improvisational theater and enhanced well-being

Improvisational theater (improv) fits well into an academic definition of improvisation: “the process and product of creativity occurring simultaneously” (Lewis and Lovatt, 2013). The simultaneity in improv comes from the lack of scripting: players appear on stage, ask the audience for a suggestion, for example, “any object smaller than a breadbox,” and begin a frolic of their own that often lasts about 30 min. This article highlights several parallels between practices in improv and practices in several domains of applied psychology: body awareness and mindfulness, positive psychology interventions, and person-centered psychotherapy. What accounts for these parallels? Here I conclude that both improv and applied psychology practices aim to increase personal awareness, interpersonal attentiveness, and trust among members of the ensemble. The metaphor of “working without a net” certainly seems to apply to improv. For example, a respected improv manual says, “True improvisation is getting on-stage and performing without any preparation or planning… Strictly speaking, improvisation is making it up as you go along” (Halpern et al., 1994). Nervous anticipation of performing without a memorized script is the felt sense of working without a net. But there is more to the story than that; we return to a reversal of the metaphor at the end of the article. Spontaneity, like luck, favors the well-prepared. The virtuoso pianist who improvises brilliantly may be one who practiced more than 10,000 h as a youngster, on fire with a “rage to master” (Ericsson et al., 1993; Winner, 1996). Or perhaps not; there is dispute about the relationship between talent and practice at the high-end of performance skill in some fields (Epstein, 2013). Nevertheless, all forms of improvisation and competitive performance require basics to be learned and practiced until they become “second nature.” Improv actors practice their form repeatedly but don't repeat or rehearse the content of their scenes. The concept of spontaneity needs to be considered in this context: spontaneous creative content is grounded in improv fundamentals that are practiced repeatedly. It is form, not content, that is rehearsed. Many of these practices, also called “games,” are also used by actors training for scripted theater (e.g., Stanislavski, 1989). Our inquiry is whether there is a positive relationship between improv practice and well-being in other life domains. There is a good reason to think so: important theatrical skills are represented, with different names, in the methods of body awareness and other meditations, applied positive psychology, and psychotherapy. If particular practices in these domains are psychologically healthy, then practicing them through improv might also increase well-being. Finally, because improv is unavoidably social, performers are always embedded in the social milieux of improv communities. There are transitions from classroom and small stage to what is after all “but a stage”: life itself.

The Spontaneity of Therapeutic Improvisation from Zhuangzi’s Perspective

The main theme of this study is focused on the spontaneity of therapeutic improvisation from Zhuangzi’s perspective. Based on the free spirit of life, Zhuangzi’s musicology emphasizes ‘one-self [自]’ and ‘joy [快]’ from nature’s point of view. It means that we should be able to pursue ‘joy in oneself’ by ourselves. This is also why musicians, who complain about performance anxiety, need music therapy, such as therapeutic improvisation. In fact, young Korean musicians can feel joy by communicating with the audience through their emotions in music and by exchanging them with many people. However, what is waiting for them, even before empathizing with the audience, is severe competition and evaluation. Why do young Korean musicians need spontaneity? Which implications and ideas for the spontaneity of therapeutic improvisation and Zhuangzi’s philosophy can be given to those musicians complaining about performance anxiety based on eastern culture? On Zhuangzi’s perspective, when young musicians can get free from external stuff WaiWu [外物] like ranking, they can overcome performance anxiety and be absorbed in their own music. This is why Zhuangzi talked about ‘Do not depend on external stuff WaiWu’ and emphasized ‘one-self’ and ‘joy.’ The goal of this project is to find answers to (1) how individual musicians can maintain spontaneity, (2) how musicians can solve the performance anxiety that they have had, and (3) finally how they can maximize their competence and ability as professional musicians from Zhuangzi’s view of spontaneity. Ultimately, this study reviews a music therapy article on young Korean musicians and applies the concept of spontaneity as the free spirit of life in Zhuangzi’s philosophy to the empirical case and interprets the case’s results to answer those questions above. There is one condition: If young musicians want to be able to enjoy music, they have to set themselves free from others’ eyes. They can feel joyfulness accompanied with a kind of catharsis, which can be only possible when they express their own feelings and get absorbed in their performance. This is the meaning of spontaneity as the free spirit of life, which is namely shēngzhīde [生之德] in Zhuangzi’s philosophy.

Beyond Spontaneity

This article argues for the analytical potentials of the concept of spontaneity in our effort to understand critically the socio-spatial dynamics of Athens, but especially the contemporary collective protest actions in the city. Such critical understanding emerges as a significant task given the current urgency to grasp the capitalist crisis and the collective reactions to it. However, taking into account the re-configuration of extreme-Right violence in the streets of Athens, the article attempts to revisit the Marxist dichotomy between spontaneity and non-spontaneity. Via an anthropological critique of this distinction, the paper suggests an additional point of focus beyond spontaneity.

Rethinking Spontaneity Beyond Classical Marxism: Re-reading Luxemburg through Benjamin, Gramsci and Thompson

This paper reconsiders the established reading of Luxemburg's conception of spontaneity, where she is said to have overestimated the role of spontaneity and underestimated the role of the party because of an economic-determinist view of history. It reconsiders this view by re-reading Luxemburg's concept of spontaneity through the work of Walter Benjamin, Antonio Gramsci and E.P. Thompson. Using conceptions of subjectivity not yet available at the time of these debates, as well as the recent scholarship of Lars Lih on Lenin's What Is To Be Done?, this article illuminates both conscious and unconscious processes behind what often appears to be spontaneous resistance, and offers a new reading of Luxemburg's critique of Lenin's views on organization in 1902–1905. It argues that Luxemburg's perceived economism is produced by her critics’ own economistic reading of spontaneity. In contrast, it suggests that her depictions of spontaneous activity speak to historical processes that can be illuminated by conceptions of subjectivity developed after her assassination, and which require a substantial reconceptualization of the nature of subjectivity beyond the limits of classical Marxism.

Athens in the Mediterranean ‘movement of the piazzas’ Spontaneity in material and virtual public spaces

Mediterranean cities are carrying Gramsci's concept of spontaneity into the 21st century through massive social movements after the ‘Arab Spring’. This paper explores the ways in which the material and virtual cityscape interact with socio-political transformation during the ‘movement of the piazzas’ in Athens, Greece. After a discussion of the importance of urban informality, porosity and land-use mixtures for social cohesion, of creeping ghettoization in some enclaves and of the perils of urbicide, we proceed to an analysis of grassroots action in Athens in comparison with different cities of the Mediterranean and beyond. Social movements are placed in their respective local and global context—their recurrent material landscapes and their cosmopolitan virtual spaces of digital interaction. This analysis leads to reflections on the possible role of popular spontaneity in democratization and in European integration at the grassroots level, against the onslaught of neoliberalism and accumulation by dispossession.

Kant´s Concept of Spontaneity within the Tradition of Aristotelian Ethics

In Kant über Freiheit als Autonomie, Gerold Prauss suggests that in the middle of the 1760's beside Rousseau's influence on the concept of freedom in Kant's moral writings, it is possible to find also the Aristotelian notion of spontaneity. The aim of the paper is to contextualize by means of the methodology of the Quellengeschichte Kant's concept of spontaneity within the tradition of Aristo- telian ethics. In the first part of the paper I analyze Aristotle's concept of spon- taneity and in the second its reception from Renaissance to Kantian philosophy. The third and fourth parts deal with spontaneity in Kant's moral writings with the exemption of the Kritik der Urteilskraft, which involves and implies a much larger set of considerations on teleology and metaphysics. The conclusion is a critical assessment of Kant's appropriation of Aristotle's spontaneity.