Concept Of Self-reliance Research Articles

SELF-RELIANCE ECONOMIC SYSTEM BASED ON WAQF AT ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL DARUSSALAM GONTOR INDONESIA

This study aims to determine the concept of self-reliance of economics based on waqf in Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Indonesia and the impact of it in the development of education and financial institutions. This research is descriptive qualitative, the method of collecting data using documentation, whereas the method of data analysis using content analysis. The result of this study indicate that concept of self-reliance economic system based on waqf in Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor begun from establishing of Waqf Enlargement Institution, known as YPPWPM, whose responsible is to develop, manage, and enlarge waqf asset through waqf business or social enterprise done by teachers and students under the supervision of headmaster, and the impact of waqf business towards education development is known from the cheapest tuition fees of the school and the meals for students, and also the scholarship for teachers while they study in higher education.

Self-reliance paradigm: innate or conditioned

Self-reliance is a clarion call today to meet out challenges of expeditiously growing society, and also an understanding of the natural inherent way of living. The globally acknowledged concept of self-reliance is to be understood with more clarity, whether it is an emerging hypothesis or something absolute or innate, although it is faded in imagination because of various dumped notions. This article suggests a worldview about self-reliance and facilitates the understanding of self-sufficiency, which is unlikely to lead to independence.

Self-Reliance Paradigm: Innate or Conditioned

Self-reliance is a clarion call today to meet out challenges of expeditiously growing society, and also an understanding of the natural inherent way of living. The globally acknowledged concept of self-reliance is to be understood with more clarity, whether it is an emerging hypothesis or something absolute or innate, although it is faded in imagination because of various dumped notions. This article suggests a worldview about self-reliance and facilitates the understanding of self-sufficiency, which is unlikely to lead to independence

Startup Culture: MLMs, Mormons, and Entrepreneurship

Startup Culture: MLMs, Mormons, and Entrepreneurship

Kontribusi Adopsi Media Sosial dalam Menaikkan Penjualan dan Pengembangan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah di Indonesia

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are becoming an increasingly important economic factor in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Previous research shows that small businesses establish the concept of self-reliance. Even in times of economic hardship, small businesses are able to keep prices of national staples such as food and clothing low. In West Kalimantan, local SMEs produce a unique fabric called sasirangan, which has become the region's main product. As the use of IT infrastructure and platforms is usually concentrated in big cities such as the state capital of Pontianak, SMEs in the regions can rely on social media to promote their products. Therefore, this study aims to understand the attitudes of local SMEs towards using social media for commercial purposes. The sample size of this study includes 45 West Kalimantan SMEs in five districts outside the capital city of West Kalimantan. In this study, we used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to study the interaction between variables. The survey results show that small business entrepreneurs generally have a strong desire to use social media for commercial purposes. A more detailed description of the results and limitations of this study is available at the end of this document.

Sustainability and Competencies of Local Vendors in Maritime Defense Industries

The survival of the economic well-being of Malaysia is very much dependent on seaborne trade and maritime resources, and these elements are treated as national strategic interests and maritime strategic values. All these values and areas of interest must be protected and safeguarded from any maritime issues and potential threats that can affect Malaysia. This objective can only be achieved if this country has a capable and credible assets or platform for enforcement activities, and reliable, sustainable and competent maritime defence industries which involving shipyards, local vendors, and subsequently supported by other stakeholders. Thus, the development of local vendors in the maritime defence industries is vital for Malaysia. Therefore, this research is about analysing the importance of having sustainable and competent local vendors for the industry; hence proposing a new framework to develop and create more sustainable and competent local vendors. This research has adopted qualitative method, and focuses on Boustead Naval Shipyard (BNS) as Anchor Company and its local vendors as a case study, and data collection processes through interview, observation and document review, and NVIVO as a tool to mapping up the data compilation. With the implementation of new Vendor Development Program (VDP) framework, it has successfully created more sustainable and competent local vendors for the industry, and this effort must be continued. Failure in implementing this initiative effectively will affect the Government aspiration and policy related to National VDP agenda and the concept of Self-Reliance as required by National Defence Policy (NDP).

Old Concepts Making New History: Refugee Self-reliance, Livelihoods and the ‘Refugee Entrepreneur’

AbstractAlthough not new topics in the field of refugee studies, self-reliance, livelihoods and entrepreneurship have recently taken on a heightened emphasis. However, critical questions remain regarding how and by whom self-reliance is defined and measured, and the intended and unintended outcomes of historical and contemporary efforts to foster it. This introductory article highlights key points arising from the Special Issue and presents a short history of the evolution of the concept of self-reliance in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including its linkage to livelihoods. The article then discusses contemporary connections between self-reliance and entrepreneurship vis-à-vis the promotion of the ‘refugee entrepreneur’. It concludes with a brief overview of the articles and themes in the issue. Overall, the article argues for an expanded definition of refugee self-reliance that promotes social as well as economic components and moves beyond narrowly implemented programmes targeting individual and market-based solutions.

PKM Peningkatan Kemampuan Aparatur Nagari Dalam Mengelola Keuangan Nagari di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Melalui Pelatihan Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa

The implementation of village fund management even though there are rules as references in its financial management does not mean that it does not encounter various obstacles. The main obstacle faced by village officials is the competency problem of inadequate apparatus, and the lack of training and mentoring obtained to improve their competence. Some efforts are needed for empowerment which in the discourse of community development are linked to the concepts of self-reliance, participation, networking and social justice.This empowerment effort is carried out in the form of training activities provided to the village apparatus (nagari) village financial management processes, especially in preparing the budget. This training activity will be carried out through several stages. The activities carried out are: initial observation to find out the problems and needs of partners, and training of village apparatus related to village budgeting. After the material was given, participants were then given training on village budget formulation and village RKP preparation training. Based on the results of the exercise, it is known that most of the trainees were able to understand the procedures for drafting Village Budget and have been able to compile Village Budget well. Besides that in the preparation of the Village RKP, most of the training participants were also able to complete the training well.Keywords: Village Financial Management, Village Budget, Village RKP

Gud og samvittigheden. Et tema i Ralph Waldo Emersons prædikener

Despite the fact that the entire collection of Ralph WaldoEmerson’s sermons was published more than two decades ago, scholarlyinterest has so far been limited. By focusing on the particular themeof the relation between God and individual conscience, the presentarticle analyzes most of Emerson’s sermons on this particular topic.Emphasizing Emerson’s background in Boston-Unitarianism and histheological debt to William Ellery Channing, it is demonstrated howEmerson already in his sermons cherishes the idea of a living, directconnection between God and the soul. The fact that he inherits fromCalvinism the idea of God as moral perfection, leads him to regard theindividual’s conscience as the highest faculty and the place where Godprimarily speaks to man. Conscience also implies an obligation to judgefor yourself or having ‘self-trust’, and in this way the sermons reveal thetheological roots of the later Emerson’s concept of self-reliance.

Economic Independence of Rural Women through Microfinance - A Study with Special reference to VICIB by Sandhya Development Society in Idukki District

We often forget the fact that men's power is not men's power alone it is women too. Mostly women power is neglected and the development becomes one side and lop-sided. Here the development thinkers understand the significance of women empowerment as the basis of sustainable development of our nation. The term “Development” not only means economic development but also the upward movement of the entire social system. Micro finance is an effective method to cure the financial illness of rural people and gained concepts of self-reliance, self-sufficiency and self-help as its core. Common men understand microfinance as a system providing to very poor families with very small loans (microcredit) to help them engage in productive activities or grow their tiny businesses. But, microfinance has come to include a broader range of services like credit, savings, insurance, etc. Microfinance clients are poor and vulnerable non-poor who have a relatively stable source of income. The main problems faced by Indian women entrepreneurs are lack of adequate finances, technical knowhow, non-availability of new material, inadequate marketing facilities, lack of technical and managerial skills etc. In this study the researcher focuses to the development of women in rural area and how micro finance and micro credits helped to it. An investigation for getting the required data, the researcher takes the aspects like social and economic status of women, decision making capacity of women, the problems, challenges and suggestions for the better functioning of the micro finance programme. Rural women are facing a lot of social as well as economic problems like lack of sufficient income and adequate standard of living. For the upliftment of rural poor especially rural women government and many NGO's developed special programmes. Functioning of Sandhya Development Society in central Kerala in this area is noteworthy. Sandhya Development Society's microfinance division VICIB is very much active in the development of rural population especially rural women. In a district like Idukki VICIB plays an important role in the overall development of rural women. This study helps us in understanding the role of VICIB in making rural women financially independent and self-reliant.

Australian defence policy and the concept of self-reliance

Since the Vietnam War, Australian defence policy has been based on the concept of self-reliance—the ability to defend Australia without allied combat forces. Self-reliance arose from concerns about US support in conflict with Indonesia. It has implications for Australian foreign policy, force structuring, joint operations and the defence industry, which were most coherently laid out in the 1987 White Paper. Later White Papers adapted this framework, but the 2013 White Paper seems to move towards a new approach to defence policy and strategy, which continued use of the term ‘self-reliance’ obscures rather than elucidates.

Starzenie się i samodzielność kobiet z trzech odmiennych środowisk: miasta, wsi i Domu Pomocy Społecznej

Introduction. The process of ageing is inevitable. It has an individual nature and may intensify in various stages of adult life. A significant factor affecting the rate of the changes due to old age is the living environment. Aim. The purpose of study is an attempt to get hold of the process of ageing changes in women. Growing old has been related with the concept of self-reliance in daily activities. Materials and methods. Two hundred and eight women have been included in the examinations. The arithmetical average of the calendar age of the examined women is equal to =72.5 years, with median equal to Me=73 years. The women have inhabited three environments: villages, towns and social welfare institutions. The average number of children born by the examined women has amounted to three, but the village women gave more births. The residents of the social welfare institutions have given birth to the least number of children (average 1.7 children). Although once they lived in a village or a town, then as the group from the social welfare institution the number of their children has been the smallest. Results. The women from the three analysed environments have a similar ageing degree index (ADI), which may confirm the trans-environmental and individual occurrence of the somatoscopic features (grey hair, wrinkles, spots on hands, the condition of finger nails). Almost all the women from villages have declared that they had never smoked, less frequently visited physicians and have taken less medicines. The reason for this could have been previous cultural conditioning (smoking was not considered appropriate for the village women), failure to use the physician’s help, and worse financial status. Conclusion. The results concerning self-reliance, in terms of being dependent from family/guardian are approximately the same in the three analysed environments. As long as there are no pain and mobility is preserved, the seniors wish to be self-reliant.

The teaching of mathematics in secondary schools as a tool for self-reliance and re-branding process in Nigeria

Mathematics teaching is an interaction between the teacher and the learners that leads to acquisition of desirable mathematical knowledge, ideas and skills necessary for applicability in our everyday life. This paper therefore looks at the concept of self-reliance, the concept of mathematics teaching, problems and prospects of mathematics teaching and finally takes a look at mathematics as a tool for self reliance in solving our daily problems for the re-branding process in society. Key words: Chinese local MBA, Learning approaches, management graduate students, deep and surface learning approaches

The Concept of Self-reliance through a Public Assistance System Based Primarily on the Daily Life Security Law : A Discussion on Self-reliance Support and a Self-reliance Support Program

The Concept of Self-reliance through a Public Assistance System Based Primarily on the Daily Life Security Law : A Discussion on Self-reliance Support and a Self-reliance Support Program

Education and Self-Reliance among Care Leavers

Claire Cameron reports results from a study on the use of services by a group of young people who have left local authority care, where the proportion holding educational qualifications is above the average for care leavers. Using the concept of self-reliance, she explores how care leavers managed and directed their educational participation and achievement against a background of a lack of financial, familial and inter-personal support. The article suggests that care leavers, who have often developed self-reliance skills in highly disadvantaged circumstances, can be misperceived by professionals as being ‘difficult’.

THE PROS AND CONS OF SELF-RELIANCE: ERITREA'S RELATIONS WITH AID AGENCIES AND NGOS

Eritrea used to enjoy good relations with the international community, but lately they have come to a halt. The article is an attempt to investigate Eritrean relations to development, foreign aid and non-government organisations, both during the liberation struggle and after independence. It tries to investigate the nature and development of these relations, and why they seem to deteriorate, through discussing the Eritrean concept of self-reliance, the strong tradition of networking and the employment of Diaspora potentials.

Cherokee self-reliance.

This qualitative study was conducted using ethnography to identify how (a) self-reliance is conceptualized by the Cherokee; (b) the adult male Cherokee perceives, achieves, and demonstrates self-reliance; and (c) nurses can incorporate the Cherokee concept of self-reliance into health care of the Cherokee. The goal of self-reliance was included in the following mission statement of the 1976 Cherokee Nation constitution: "The mission of the government of the Cherokee Nation is to promote and sustain the self-reliance of its members" (Resolution No. 28-85, 1976). The conceptualization and perspective of self-reliance by the Cherokee must be understood to assist effectively in the development and promotion of self-reliance in the Cherokee, especially the male Cherokee. The cultural domain of self-reliance that emerged from the data is a composite of three categories that include being responsible, being disciplined, and being confident. Cutting across all three categories are the two themes of being true to onself and being connected.

The concept of self-reliance in community development initiatives in the Cameroon grassfields

The Grassfields of Cameroon is a fertile ground for self-help efforts. This paper examines the resurgence and role Village Development Associations (VDAs) are playing in national and community development. Community members are increasingly shouldering the adverse consequences of the economic downturn and the growing inability of the state to provide economic and social development by initiating, mobilising and galvanising their own resources in the quest for improving their standard of living. The reliance on indigenous technology and local human resources has led to overwhelming popular participation in community- driven development.

Rural self-reliance strategies in South Africa: community initiatives and external support in the former black homelands

This paper examines the relevance of the concept of self-reliance in the context of rural community economic development in South Africa. Whilst changing global and local circumstances oblige impoverished communities to become more pro-active in the enhancement of the quality of their lives, they nevertheless cannot ignore basic market forces and the need for an appropriate level of external assistance. Four community-based agricultural ventures in South Africa's former Homelands are examined. A comparison between the four schemes permits an assessment to be made of what such community ventures require if they are to succeed and have a meaningful impact on job creation and poverty alleviation. The role of external support agencies and access to markets in each case features prominently in the assessment.

On the Way to Self-Reliance?: PASOK's Government Policy in Greece

On the Way to S elf-Reliance? PASOK*s Government Policy in Greece Heinz-Jürgen Axt 1. SELF-RELIANCE: THE CONCEPT AND SOME OPEN QUESTIONS The concept of self-reliance has been transplanted from its roots in Latin America ("TeorÃ-a de la dependencia") and Africa (Samir Amin's Le Développement inégal) to Europe.1 Local communities, regions , nations, and supranational organizations (e.g., the EEC) follow a strategy of self-reliance—that, at least, is the suggestion of theorists and intellectuals, and of some political parties. Among these parties the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), in Greece, may be the one which formulated a program closest to the concept of self-reliance. Everyone speaks about self-reliance, but the understanding of this idea is quite different. The attempt to transplant the concept of self-reliance to Europe has left many questions open. Which level is meant to enforce a strategy of self-reliance? Is it the rural village, the subregion, or region, the nation as a whole, the communities "above" the nation-state, or a mix of different levels? What is the concrete meaning of the term self-reliance? One often gets the impression that the concept of self-reliance is used as a synonym for other terms: in the one case, self-reliance is a substitute for general development (or for overcoming special backlogs); in the other case, it is understood as a substitute for participation and democratization. This vagueness, deriving from the theory's origins and its development in peripheral countries of the Third World (cf. below), may be the main explanation for the fact that the concept of self-reliance was so successful when it was taken over by European countries. In this way it was possible to bring together different, and sometimes even contrary, approaches and theories and to create something like a new 'The following is based on Axt, Voraussetzungen. 189 190 Heinz-Jürgen Axt self-consciousness for a Europe confronted with new and increasing challenges. 2. SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STRATEGY OF SELF-RELIANCE Taking into account the fact that the concept of self-reliance lacks theoretical sharpness, there can only be a definition of some elements of this concept in a more heuristic way. Samir Amin characterizes peripheral countries and societies according to the following elements : the dominance of agrarian capitalism, the development of a local bourgeoisie dependent on dominant foreign capital, the tendency to create a special type of bureaucracy, and the unfinished development of a proletarian class. The main reason for this special type of development is seen in the structural dependence of the peripheral on the core countries. "Développement inégal" is the result of the peripheral countries' integration in the capitalist world market (Amin, Développement). As an alternative to traditional strategies of development the concept of self-reliance concentrates on the following : confidence in one's own forces and own resources in order to satisfy basic needs via mobilization of the masses, broader participation, and concentration on the domestic market. This means that the concept of (selected) self-reliance is not compatible with a concentration on external resources or external demand, with the existence of class structures or social inequality , or the dependence on external decisions and outside culture . Insofar as the strategies of self-reliance are transferred to Europe , one has to be aware of a special contradiction. This results from the fact that the strategy has moved to Europe from countries which differ greatly from the European ones. That such a transplantation of theoretical approach was possible and also attractive makes evident the still existing lack of theoretical exactness within the concept of self-reliance. Until now the concept of self-reliance has more or less concentrated on economic aspects and has affected external trade, capital penetration, local resources, technological dependence, etc. This implies that social, political, and ideological aspects have been neglected or even ignored. That is why in this study socio-political and cultural implications of a strategy of self-reliance will be examined in more detail. The analysis will focus on a consideration of who can be the executor of such a strategy, or under what circumstances given...