Concept Of Self-determination Research Articles

The Unity and Struggle of Opposites in Concepts of the Right of Nations to Self-Determination Developed by V.I. Lenin and V. Wilson

The paper deals with the conflict between the concepts of self-determination stated by V.I. Lenin and V. Wilson, which determined the formation of a new world order from the beginning of the 20th century until the end of the Second World War, which is based on the political and legal idea of self-determination.In 1914, Vladimir Lenin put forward the concept of self-determination in the article «On the right of nations to self-determination», which was dedicated to the confrontation between the «oppressive» and «oppressed» nation with the right to secede the latter and «form a national state». This concept was taken up by American President Woodrow Wilson. He used it as a basis for the «Fourteen Points» when addressing the US Congress in 1917 as a political formula and legal justification for the US entry into the First World War, the fragmentation of Europe into nation states and the increase in political influence.The author concludes that the principle of self-determination, developed by Lenin and further developed by Wilson, was based on various ideological premises and initially had a diametrically opposite meaning. Whereas in Lenin’s work the emphasis was on the creation of a sovereign state up to the point of secession and/or annexation to another state, but under the protection of international law, then for Wilson self-determination was almost identical to «government of the people» or «government by consent», with the possibility of exerting political influence on a self-determined nation and justifying military conflicts with the participation of the United States in Latin America.Exploring the conceptual component of ideas, foreign policy documents of Soviet and American diplomacy, the author, based on an analysis of the world order that emerged after the First World War and the rapid process of national liberation movements and decolonization, concludes about the stunning influence of the Leninist formula on the emergence of new states in Europe, Asia, and others regions of the world, as well as for the return of the national outskirts of the former Russian Empire lost as a result of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty.

Social identity and narrative perspectives

Balázs Kézdi, in his work entitled Identity and Culture (2001), draws attention to the fact that the concept of identity is ambiguous and overdetermined not only in social science discourse but also in psychology because the concepts of "self" and selfdefinition are often mixed up with the concepts of self-definition. Different theories emphasise different characteristics depending on whether the self is a personal or a social self-definition and whether the process of identification is interpreted as static or situational. Over the last few decades, the psychological literature on identity has increasingly emphasised the narrative nature of identity. This means that people form their interpretations of the world through narratives (including self-narratives), and these narratives are inseparable from the concept of self-determination (László, 2005). The following paper discusses the particular case of collective identity and significant group identification, including the issue of national identity and the role of collective memories. Accordingly, it focuses first on the psychological and cultural approach to the process of peer self-determination, followed by the group history and the resulting theoretical considerations.

FEATURES OF SELF-DETERMINATION OF FORCED UKRAINIAN MIGRANTS IN THE NEW SOCIAL CONTEXT

Relevance. In the scientific project, carried out with the financial support of the Latvian government in August-September 2022 explicit and implicit competencies of forced migrants were investigated, and their markers were described. Methodology. The research is based on the concept of self-determination, which is one of the methodological principles of informal socialization. The project aims to study the role of implicit competence in the self-determination of the life path of internally displaced persons. The research was based on qualitative methods. In particular, the principles and procedures of the so-called "grounded theory" were used. Data collected during free interviews with eight forced migrant women from Ukraine, who ended up in Latvia as a result of Russian aggression, were analyzed. Results. It was found that forced migrants in their choice of the place of forced displacement are guided by both clearly expressed competence, in the formation of which social ties play a significant role and their own experience of experiencing the difficulties associated with forced relocation. The study showed that the indicators of implicit competence in the informants' narratives were significantly greater than indicators of explicit competence, and they were more diverse. In addition, the growing role of national identity in the informal socialization of forced migrants was revealed.

Impact of Britishs East India Company on Indian Education Policy

Abstract: The 19th century witnessed a profound transformation in the political landscape of many regions, characterized by the rise of nationalism and the subsequent formation of nation-states. This research work delves into the historical context, key drivers, and consequences of this significant historical phenomenon. The research offers light on a crucial time in global history by investigating the causes of nationalism and its effects on the formation of nation-state.Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research draws from historical, political, and sociocultural perspectives to analyze the rise of nationalism. It delves at how many peoples inside established empires and territories felt a feeling of commonality due to their shared cultural, linguistic, and historical identities. The work delves into the influence of Enlightenment ideas, Romanticism, and intellectual movements that fueled the concept of self-determination and the sovereignty of distinct nations. The study also scrutinizes the role of key historical events and figures that catalyzed the nationalist fervor. From the unification of Italy led by Giuseppe Garibaldi to the German unification orchestrated by Otto von Bismarck, the work examines the strategies employed to consolidate fragmented territories into cohesive nation-states. It also considers the implications of these transformations on regional stability, diplomacy, and balance of power.

THE GEOPOLITICS OF GILGIT-BALTISTAN: ANALYSING INDIA, PAKISTAN, AND CHINA PERSPECTIVES

The region of Gilgit-Baltistan, of significant strategic significance, has been a topic of contention between India and Pakistan since their respective declarations of independence in 1947. The territory stated above, located in the northernmost part of Pakistan, plays a vital role as a key gateway to the Central Asian region. It is generally seen as an important geopolitical asset due to its near proximity to China's Xinjiang province. This article provides a thorough analysis of the contemporary geopolitical dynamics in Gilgit-Baltistan, with a focus on the historical backdrop, the current political and economic circumstances, and the possible implications for the security and stability of the region. The region of Gilgit-Baltistan, located in the northernmost part of Pakistan, has considerable strategic importance. The region in issue, which shares borders with China, Afghanistan, and India, has a complex and contested historical context that has had a substantial influence on its contemporary political and economic conditions. The territory of Gilgit-Baltistan has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its strategic location along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and its crucial role as a gateway to Central Asia. The objective of this essay is to provide a thorough analysis of the strategic importance of Gilgit-Baltistan, including its historical background, geopolitical significance, and prospective implications for regional security and stability. The region of Gilgit-Baltistan, located in the Himalayas and Karakoram mountains, has acquired considerable geopolitical significance due to its strategic location and contested legal standing. The perspectives of India, Pakistan, and China about Gilgit-Baltistan provide valuable insights into the intricate interaction of interests, historical narratives, and geopolitical strategies that shape the dynamics of the region. This article engages in a comprehensive analysis of the viewpoints espoused by three influential actors, evaluating the possible ramifications for the stability of the region. The geopolitical landscape of Gilgit-Baltistan is a complex and intricate puzzle, characterised by the intricate interaction of historical narratives, strategic considerations, and regional dynamics. The Indian position focuses considerable stress on the notion of sovereignty, whereas Pakistan's standpoint is largely centred on the concept of self-determination. In contrast, China's approach is primarily focused on the concepts of connectivity and economic growth. Given the convergence and intersection of the aforementioned perspectives, the trajectory of the region's future remains ambiguous, thereby making it an illustrative instance of broader global dynamics concerning power struggles and cooperative endeavours.

Right to Self-Determination of Peoples and the Emerging World Order

In the paper, the author attempted to reveal the influence of the idea of self-determination on the emerging (in the historical and legal context) world order, taking into account the rapidly developing political and legal processes in the 18th-21st centuries. Attention is given to the use of the relevant law by certain states in their national interests, which, in the conditions of instability of the international system, makes self-determination an object of numerous influences, interpretations and restrictions. Considering cases from international practice and documents, the author concludes that over the centuries the concept of self-determination has undergone many transformations and was considered as a tool for redrawing the borders of Europe in the early and middle of the 19th century, after the end of the First World War and before the collapse of the USSR and Yugoslavia. As a mechanism of decolonization, and at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries — as a tool for fragmenting the political map of the world using the ethnic factor as a basis. Quite interesting are the conclusions about the impact of the institution of human rights, remedial secession, external and internal forms of self-determination, globalization processes on the development of the relevant law. The paper, along with other examples, examines the impact of real politics and the existence of double standards when considering issues of international legal recognition of Kosovo in the event of secession from Serbia and the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation.

Herder on the Self-Determination of Peoples

AbstractRecent studies have argued that Herder supported cultural, rather than national, self-determination. While Herder did not argue that all nations should become states, using the term “cultural” as the defining element of his conception of self-determination risks the false impression that political self-determination is not part of it. Focusing on Herder's discussion of the relationship between the people and the state in modern European “state-machines” and his comments on the French revolution, this article shows that Herder encouraged the national “self-constitution” of both subjugated and dominant peoples, thus contributing to the rise of the concept of self-determination of peoples. Rejecting direct popular rule as a “phantom of liberty,” he envisioned modern self-determination to be a continuous process of free public deliberation in print media and representative institutions on the possible reform of the constitution of one's political community, as guided by the public's evolving understanding of the principles of Humanität.

Patients' perspectives of recovery after COVID-19 critical illness: An interview study.

Critical illness is a traumatic experience, often resulting in post-intensive care syndrome, affecting people's physical, psychological, emotional, and social well-being. The early recovery period is associated with increased risk, negatively impacting longer-term outcomes. The aims of this study were to understand the recovery and rehabilitation needs of people who survive a COVID-19 critical illness. An exploratory descriptive qualitative interview study with 20 survivors of COVID-19 critical illness from two community-based healthcare settings in London, England. Data collection took place September 2020-April 2021, at least 1 month after hospital discharge by telephone or virtual platform. Data were subjected to inductive thematic analysis and mapped deductively to the three core concepts of self-determination theory: autonomy, competence and relatedness. Three key themes emerged: traumatic experience, human connection and navigating a complex system. Participants described how societal restrictions, fear and communication problems caused by the pandemic added to their trauma and the challenge of recovery. The importance of positive human connections, timely information and support to navigate the system was emphasized. Whilst findings to some extent mirror those of other qualitative pre-pandemic studies, our findings highlight how the uncertainty and instability caused by the pandemic add to the challenge of recovery affecting all core concepts of self-determination (autonomy, competence, relatedness). Understanding survivors' perspectives of rehabilitation needs following COVID-19 critical illness is vital to delivery of safe, high-quality care. To optimize chances of effective recovery, survivors desire a specialist, co-ordinated and personalized recovery pathway, which reflects humanized care. This should be considered when planning future service provisions.

Operationalisation of self-determination of persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: A Delphi study

ABSTRACT Background The high support needs of persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities hamper their possibilities for self-determination. To support their self-determination understanding of what this means for this group is necessary. Method A three-round Delphi procedure with international experts was undertaken to operationalise self-determination for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. The quantitative output of Likert scales guided us in finding consensus or differences in the qualitative data. First round qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results The analysis revealed four topics: (1) statements regarding the characteristics of the person with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities, (2) statements regarding characteristics of the social environment, (3) statements regarding the concept of self-determination, and (4) statements regarding the definition and operationalisation of concepts. Conclusion Consensus was found on the assumption that persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities can live a self-determined life and on the importance of the interplay between persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and the environment in order to experience self-determination.

The essence of the readiness of a military specialist for functional activity in a conflictogenic professional environment

The object of the study of this work is the consideration of the problem of readiness of a military specialist for functional activity in a conflictogenic professional environment. The article analyzes the models of professional activity of military specialists described in dissertation research, scientific literature and regulatory documents, which made it possible to classify them into groups. The readiness of a person for effective professional activity is considered from the point of view of two main approaches to the study of this phenomenon: functional and personal, the types of readiness of specialists for professional work are described, the work on studying the state of readiness for activity in extreme situations, to which the conflict belongs, is analyzed. Specific features of military-professional activity are disclosed. The analyzed approaches made it possible to put forward the assumption that within the framework of the functional-personal approach, the integrating education that allows to achieve the functionalism of the activities of a military specialist in a conflictogenic professional environment is the self-determination of the future officer. The essence and content of the concept of self-determination depending on the sphere of social sciences and humanities are considered. The analysis of approaches to determining the essence of readiness for activity and the phenomenon of self-determination associated with it allows us to conclude that the readiness of a military specialist for functional activity in a conflictogenic professional environment is his ability to self-determination of the optimal way of interaction with the elements (factors) of the surrounding professional environment (personal and impersonal) in a conflict situation on the basis of the formed system of values orientations, awareness of one's own role in the process of its constructive resolution and subjective assessment of their capabilities in correlation with the difficulties encountered in achieving the goal of professional activity.

SHELTERED OR SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT OPTIONS FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES?

The transformations in production and labour market of the last decades and the stormy global economic crisis have diversified and made particularly difficult the conditions for the inclusion of people with disabilities into the labour market and the society in general. Students with disabilities are at high risk of unemployment and a high percentage of those who work are employed in low-paid jobs. Employment is vital for them not only for a dignified life, but also for active participation in the community. In general, they face several limitations when trying to find or maintain a job they already have. It is a common belief that people with disabilities are not able to work, except perhaps in separate and Sheltered work environments (sheltered employment) where they will be safe enough. Such negative attitudes affect decisively their success or failure to secure a job or maintain an existing one. Sheltered employment has been at the core of the vocational training and employment system for young people with significant intellectual disabilities throughout the twentieth century, and most of them continue to work within isolated and Sheltered areas. According to our literature review the emergence of supported forms of employment has brought forward a real alternative, especially for students with intellectual disabilities. Unlike the sheltered and segregated forms of employment, supported employment enables paid employment, within the community, under conditions of continuous support, and has proven to be more effective over time. Based on the concept of self-determination it emphasizes personal strengths, goals and choices and the important role of the community for the improvement and development of the disabled individual.

The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Postsecondary Students: An Analysis of Self-Determination.

The COVID-19 pandemic has put postsecondary students across the world at risk of psychological distress, negatively impacting their basic psychological well-being, including self-determination. Although the concept of self-determination has been widely discussed in literature, it is poorly understood within the context of postsecondary students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the concept of self-determination (SD) as it relates to postsecondary students amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The Rodgers’ evolutionary method of concept analysis was used. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC were electronically searched using the keywords “postsecondary students” “coronavirus pandemic” and “self-determination.” The historical, legal, educational, and health science literature were investigated to generate a holistic definition of SD in the past. This analysis has identified the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of self-determination in postsecondary students during this global health crisis. This analysis adds to the knowledge base regarding the evolution, significance, and application of the concept of SD in the context of postsecondary students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for future research were also explored, such as using strategies to promote SD in postsecondary students to develop resilience during the pandemic.

Reverse Discourse, Queering of Self-Determination, and Sexual Ruptures: Abdullah Öcalan, the Kurdistan Workers Party, and the Problem of the Nation-State

ABSTRACT The idea of self-determination through independent state formation served as a crucial political principle for groups and organisations resisting colonial domination and the capitalist world system during the post-World War II era. Kurdish political movements and parties were no exception. They embraced the idea that, as a nation, they were entitled to a state that exercised exclusive territorial control. One of these parties was the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), which emerged in the context of Turkey’s Kurdish issue and developed into one of the most important political actors in Kurdistan of the last 40 years. In the 2000s, the PKK started to question whether or not self-determination ought to be conceptualised and practiced through state construction. As a result, self-determination became redefined in terms of societal self-organisation, an idea beyond that of the centralised nation-state. This article shows how the PKK has shifted the concept of self-determination away from the idea of the state and towards the self-organising and self-administering capabilities of all people. This queering of self-determination has enabled a radically new understanding of resistance: the building of a post-capitalist, post-state, and post-patriarchal society.

Rozwijanie kompetencji transferowalnych uczniów – teoria samostanowienia i wyzwania edukacji przyszłości

Introduction: In contemporary education systems around the world, there is a shift from learning of the knowledge to education focused on acquiring skills that are useful in everyday life and that can be used in a variety of out-of-school settings. These are transferable skills. As such contemporary system, the Polish education also should focus on teaching the strategies for implementing the core curriculum thus to enable the students to develop their transferable resources and skills. Research Aim: The aim of the article is to redefine the goals of Polish education in the light of the assumptions of the concept of self-determination. This theory describes the optimal conditions for the development of intrinsic motivation. The authors of the article place transferable competences of students at the centre of the education and upbringing process. Evidence-based Facts: The described functions of education, based on the current legal acts are focused on supporting students in coping with life problems in addition to referring to the cognitive sphere. In theory, thus the legal foundation of Polish education is quite well prepared for the implementation of the idea of developing transferable skills. The difficulty lies in developing effective strategies for these provisions. Such example solutions are provided in the article. Summary: In addition to analyses relating to specific provisions of the education law, the article contains examples of good practices presenting the ways of using the content of the core curriculum to develop students' knowledge and their transferable competences in parallel.

The Management Of The Border Region In Perspective International Law (Indonesia-Malaysia)

Mastery of ownership of a region is one of the goals of a country. Problems related to the border between Indonesia and Malaysia often occurs since the independence of each country. Persengketaaan the border region generally arise because of differences in views about the boundary line between one Country over the boundary line which is located in the image. International law has long since set up with a clear and provide legal certainty about the border region of a country. The determination of the boundaries of a country is determined by the processes of international law, both use the concept of self-determination, the principle of uti possidetis, and the boundaries of the state. So the determination of the boundaries of a country are expected to no longer pose a conflict. A bilateral agreement between the Uk and the Netherlands in the period before the independence of Indonesia and Malaysia, has been providing legal certainty about the boundaries between the two countries. So, the legal basis of the colonial government such should be used as reference material for Indonesia and Malaysia to determine the area of each region. Cooperation with the management of the border region between Indonesia and Malaysia need to be improved. This is of course a view that the region border on the Island of Borneo to truly experience inequality, better facilities and infrastructure between the two countries.Quality improvement resources to local communities through capacity building programe, is expected to enhance the role of law enforcement that is based on the local wisdom of the community of the border region.

Teaching Indigenous Graphic Novels: English / Indigenous Studies 360

Teaching Indigenous Graphic NovelsEnglish / Indigenous Studies 360 Sophie McCall (bio) My name is Sophie McCall. I am a Scottish-descended settler scholar teaching Indigenous and contemporary Canadian literatures at Simon Fraser University, forever learning and unlearning how to read, listen to, and engage with Indigenous stories. The focus of my teaching is how writers challenge the violent histories of settler colonialism and use forms of literary expression to imagine and bring into reality narratives of cultural and artistic reclamation. It is an honor to think through how to do the work I do at the University with a sense of accountability and responsibility to unceded, ancestral, and traditional xʷməθkʷəy ̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl ̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Waututh) lands and knowledges in Vancouver, British Columbia. This territorial acknowledgment asks me to think about what it means to be a part of the ongoing occupation of Indigenous lands, and how to become an ally in Indigenous-led initiatives of decolonizing and indigenizing the university. I am indebted to my Indigenous colleagues and students, who have helped me in my own process of learning and unlearning the histories I have been brought up with. I grew up on unceded Kanien'kehá:ka and Algonquin territories in Montréal, Québec, in the 1970s and 1980s during a heated moment in Québec politics. My father was very involved in advocating for a bilingual, multicultural Québec and against the separation of Québec from Canada. Every morning and evening, with the radio and TV blasting, he would be on the telephone, coordinating with community organizations and diasporic communities such as the Chinese Canadian community concerning minority rights in education and language. However, especially during the Oka crisis of 1990, it became clear that the liberal, multicultural politics of recognition that I grew up [End Page 92] with in my white, Anglophone family do not acknowledge or engage with Indigenous conceptions of self-determination. I became aware of the high cost of what Dene scholar Glen Coulthard later would call the "colonial politics of recognition in Canada," in which a liberal-multicultural political framework harmonizes Indigenous rights within the state's assertion of sovereignty. In all of my work, I ask whether a(n other) politics of recognition, or perhaps the language of recognition, as a shared sense of responsibility and accountability across Indigenous, settler, and racialized communities is possible, in the ongoing project of working towards social justice on unceded and Treaty lands in Canada. Introducing myself and acknowledging the territories where I grew up, as well as where I now live and work as an uninvited guest, offers an opportunity for me to reflect on my own social location and how my experiences on a daily basis shape my research questions. In Cree scholar and filmmaker Tasha Hubbard's words, "I have students who have expectations when they take my class that they're going to learn all about Indigenous people. [Instead], at the beginning of the class, I will [say] that they are in this space to basically turn their gaze towards themselves. Because so much of the time Indigenous people are the object of the gaze" (CBC Arts 01:25:05). This work of self-reflection is an important part of Indigenous studies—to articulate to whom one is accountable, to engage in a process of un-learning one's history and its relationship to other histories, and to suggest how to remain relevant in ongoing struggles of decolonization, reconciliation, or other social justice projects. What first inspired me in developing this course were the brilliant Indigenous graphic novels, comic books, and illustrated stories that have appeared over the past ten to fifteen years. To name a selection: Kwak'waka'wakw writer Gord Hill's history of Indigenous Nations' resistance in the making of the Americas in 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book (2010); Anishinaabe writer and scholar Elizabeth LaPensée's retelling of a Deer Woman story in graphic form in Deer Woman: A Vignette (2017); Cree writer David Alexander Robertson's cycle of intergenerational stories in 7 Generations: A Plains Cree Saga (2013); Haida artist Michael Nicoll Yahgulanaas's dynamic...

Categorising Self-Determination: Four Forms

International law has a self-determination problem. The paradoxes raised by the concept, almost like a Russian doll, beget ever more paradoxes. Yet, when pressed for clarity as to its scope, scholars, practitioners, and legal advisers all shy away from precise definitions. Based on the apparent collision of competing claims, self-determination is reduced to a claim to create a new State; territorial integrity is viewed as a necessary protection for existing political units. A neat binary is constructed whereby self-determination is reduced to instances where it does not affect territorial integrity (so-called ‘internal self-determination’) and those where it disrupts it significantly (‘external self-determination’). The self-determination/territorial integrity binary, though taught widely in international law textbooks, doctrine, and practice, is deceptively simple and fails to tell the whole story; it is for this reason that we propose a different way of conceptualising self-determination claims in international law. In this piece, we will develop an argument that the concept of self-determination is in fact a category, a genus, of which there exist four distinct forms, or species: polity-based; identitarian; remedial; and colonial. We argue that by rethinking self-determination in this manner, the common features of these four forms help us further to give content to the concept, as well as better to understand the different legal treatment that self-determination claims have received within international law.

The whitewashing of contracts: Unpacking the discourse within Māori health provider contracts in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Māori health providers emerged in Aotearoa/New Zealand in the 1980s as a mechanism to achieve self-determination for Māori communities. However, the contracts funding Māori health providers limit expressions of self-determination and fail to reflect Te Tiriti O Waitangi, the founding treaty of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Significant health reforms are proposed in Aotearoa/New Zealand, including the creation of a Māori Health Authority that will commission services from Māori health providers. This paper aims to critique the government contracts provided to Māori health providers in the light of the health reforms. A discourse analysis was undertaken on contracts held by a Māori health provider. The study was informed by a Kaupapa Māori congruent methodology that centralised Māori knowledge. The contractural language utilised a variety of discursive techniques that ultimately limit the power of Māori health providers. These discursive techniques included the redefinition of Māori concepts of self-determination, the use of rhetoric that was not matched by action, reshaping Māori health priorities to reflect the funders' priorities and the application of a deficit lens to Māori health issues. The discursive techniques present in these contracts is consistent with previous work demonstrating a failure of funders to centralise Māori knowledge and ways of being. Success of the proposed health reforms and the Māori Health Authority should require dismantling of non-Māori ways of commissioning and contracting, otherwise there is the continued risk of discriminatory contracting practices limiting the expression of self-determination for Māori health providers.

Professional self-determination theory of senior pupils in Russian psychology

The article analyses the psychological literature on the problem of senior pupils’ professional self-determination. The author’s theoretical and methodological position is elaborated and the results of its approbation are presented. It is shown that the available approaches can be divided into two main groups. Some researchers focus on the goal and end result of vocational self-determination, while others seek to reveal the algorithm of the process itself and/or its stages. Researchers are unanimous in their opinion that the choice of an occupation by senior pupils is the first and most responsible stage of professional self-determination for the individual as a whole. At the same time, the senior pupils’ professional self-determination concepts, which would reflect the unity of theoretical positions and methods of its study, are practically not presented in national psychology. To overcome the existing limitations, the article proposes to consider the senior pupils’ professional self-determination from the position of the activity approach as a special kind of activity with its own structure. The motivational component is the motives for choosing a career, while the operational component is the senior pupils’ professional identity status. The empirical study results of the of formation level of senior pupils’ professional self-determination are discussed on the basis of the activity methodology.

Using self-determination theory to understand and improve recruitment for the Coaching for Healthy Ageing (CHAnGE) trial.

BackgroundIntervention trials promoting physical activity among older people frequently report low and unrepresentative recruitment. Better understanding of reasons for participation can help improve recruitment. This study explored why participants enrolled in the Coaching for Healthy Ageing (CHAnGE) trial, including how their decision was influenced by recruitment strategies. CHAnGE was a cluster randomised controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a healthy ageing program targeting inactivity and falls. Seventy-two groups of people aged 60+ were recruited from community organisations via informal presentations by the health coaches.MethodsWe conducted a secondary thematic analysis of interview data from our wider qualitative evaluation in which 32 purposively sampled trial participants took part in semi-structured interviews about their experiences of CHAnGE. Data relating to recruitment and participation were analysed inductively to identify themes, then a coding framework comprising the core constructs from self-determination theory—autonomy, competence and relatedness—was used to explore if and how this theory fit with and helped to explain our data.ResultsRecruitment presentations promoted the CHAnGE intervention well in terms of addressing value expectations of structured support, different forms of accountability, credibility, achievability and, for some, a potential to enhance social relationships. Participation was motivated by the desire for improved health and decelerated ageing, altruism and curiosity. These factors related strongly to self-determination concepts of autonomy, competence and relatedness, but the intervention’s demonstrated potential to support self-determination needs could be conveyed more effectively.ConclusionsFindings suggest that recruitment could have greater reach using: 1. Strengths-based messaging focusing on holistic gains, 2. Participant stories that highlight positive experiences, and 3. Peer support and information sharing to leverage altruism and curiosity. These theory-informed improvements will be used to increase participation in future trials, including people in hard-to-recruit groups. They may also inform other physical activity trials and community programs.