Concept Of Self-care Research Articles

Self-care among breast cancer survivors: A concept analysis

Background: Breast cancer survivors have an excellent prognosis and a high survival rate, thus each survivor requires self-care abilities throughout their complex therapy. The concept of self-care is not a new concept in the nursing field, but it is necessary to analyze it as there are still inconsistencies in its use and unclear definitions, especially in the context of breast cancer survivors. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the concept of self-care among breast cancer survivors by employing the Walker and Avant’s analysis method. Methods: The Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method comprises of eight systematic steps. The literature search was conducted through electronic databases, such as ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, EBSCO, ProQuest and SAGE, with the search constraints ranging from 2003 to 2023. Results: The literature search identified 115 articles in the fields of medicine, nursing, sociology, psychology, economics, anthropology, pharmacy, computer science and midwifery. Following the analysis, 30 articles were selected for this study. The concept of self-care was defined as: 1) survivor activity; 2) survivor awareness; 3) self-management; 4) prevention of morbidity and recurrence; 5) improved health. Meanwhile, the concept’s antecedents included self-efficacy, self-care agency and social support, and the consequences included symptom control, improved coping, improved well-being, and improved quality of life. Conclusions: Understanding the attributes of self-care among breast cancer survivors along with their antecedents and consequences could facilitate its development in nursing practices. The self-care concept is utilized for self-care assessment and implementation of appropriate interventions in the context of breast cancer survivors who have completed the therapy.

A comparison of in-person vs. asynchronous learning with self-care patient cases

Background and purposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of a live laboratory setting compared to an asynchronous session in a crossover teaching design on knowledge and confidence in self-care review topics. Educational activity and settingPharmacy students (n = 88) participated in a crossover designed laboratory session where they either attended a live, active-learning laboratory session on self-care review topics, followed by a virtual, asynchronous self-care simulation or vice versa. Sessions were held one week apart. Pre- and post-assessments were administered that contained knowledge and confidence questions as well as student perceptions on the teaching modalities. FindingsOf the 88 students who participated in the study, 67 (76.1%) were included in the study findings. Post-assessment knowledge and confidence significantly increased after both the live, active-learning session and the asynchronous simulation. The majority of students (85%) indicated that they preferred the in-person activity. SummaryStudents preferred the live, active-learning laboratory for reviewing self-care concepts. However, knowledge and confidence improved using either teaching modality, therefore, in institutions where resources are limited, the virtual, asynchronous activity may be useful especially if facilitators and/or budget are limited.

Study Philosophy of Wound Care on DFU in an Effort of Wound Healing and Prevent Infection Based on Self-Care

Actualization of the self-care concept that affects DFU client wound healing in terms of the need for independent wound care that is able to facilitate the success of achieving client goals and preventing infections that can progress to gangrene. This literature aims to find out the study of the philosophy of DFU wound care based on independent wound care by clients. This literature study was carried out by searching scientific publications starting in 2018-2022. The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest. A literature search was carried out according to the topic with four groups of keywords based on Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and combined with the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT, the keywords Wound Care AND DFU AND Self-Care AND Wound Healing. Results: Study of wound care for DFU clients based on self-care which is a study of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Self-care philosophy focuses on self-ability as an active agent through a dynamic process that directs the behavior of DFU clients in caring for their own wounds to achieve wound healing. Wound care interventions are quality, evidence-based tools that support self-care and can be used with or without the direct supervision of a healthcare professional. The motivational approach is carried out to prevent negative impacts and avoid them. A holistic approach to the health and well-being of everyone, taking into account their circumstances, needs and desires throughout life, as well as the environment in which they live will improve the client's coping so that independent wound care by a DFU client will increase the efficiency of wound healing. Conclusion: The concept of wound care for DFU clients based on self-care is beneficial for families, especially for DFU clients themselves because they can be done at any time and have a better understanding and achieve their expected goals.

A Concept Analysis of Spiritual Self-Care in Hospice Team Members by Hybrid Model

Purpose: The study aimed to clarify the concept of spiritual self-care in hospice team members. Methods: To analyze the concept of spiritual self-care of hospice care team, the study was carried out using Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's hybrid model including theoretical, fieldwork and final analytic stages. In the theoretical stage, 'spirituality', 'spiritual well-being', 'spiritual health', 'spiritual care', and 'self-care' were set as search terms, and the resulting 107 related works of domestic and international literature were analyzed. In the field survey stage, data were collected from nurses and spiritual experts with more than 5 years of experience in spiritual self-care.Results: The concept of spiritual self-care is to realize the meaning and purpose of life while constantly maintaining relationships with oneself, neighbors, communities, and the absolute, utilize transcendence and internal resources, strengthen professional competence, maintain work-life balance, and achieve spiritual well-being. It was identified as a dynamic state to realize. The quality attributes of the concept of spiritual self-care were found to have 5 attributes and 15 indicators. Conclusion: The attributes and indicators derived through this study will be helpful in understanding the concept of hospice team members' spiritual self-care. In addition, as a way to continuously grow and train professional hospice team members, it can be used to develop a spiritual self-care assessment tool and an educational program to prevent burnout.

Utilization of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory in Self-Care Among Older Korean Immigrants With Diabetes in the United States.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic illness and increasing among older populations. Self-care is a critical element in managing diabetes. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) has been used and applied in nursing to explain significant self-care concepts. Although older Korean immigrants are marginalized in maintaining optimal health status and accessing adequate health services, related studies are still lacking. Utilization of Orem's SCDNT allows nurses to better understand associated factors in self-care among older Korean immigrants with diabetes. Purpose: The first aim is to explain the significant concepts of SCDNT. The second aim is to examine basic conditioning factors on self-care among older Korean immigrants with diabetes based on Orem's SCDNT. Methods: Each concept and structure of Orem's SCDNT was described with a table and figure. The 10 basic conditioning factors in self-care among older Korean immigrants with diabetes were investigated based on the previous literature and discussed in terms of Orem's SCDNT. Results: By exploring the 10 basic conditioning factors among older Korean immigrants, nurses can identify related factors in the self-care of this minority immigrant group and initiate the development of culturally tailored and age-specific nursing interventions. Implications for Nursing Practice: This study provides an understanding of related self-care factors among older Korean immigrants with diabetes. Additionally, the findings will help nurses to develop customized effective interventions and implement appropriate diabetes care for this minority group.

Oral hygiene self-care: Concept analysis for the development of a new nursing diagnosis.

This study aims to analyze the concept of oral hygiene self-care and develop a new problem-focused nursing diagnosis (ND) based on the NANDA-I terminology. A concept analysis was performed based on the Walker and Avant framework, including a scoping review phase according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, and specific gray literature databases. The development of the diagnostic structure followed the NANDA-I guidelines with a focus on Orem's self-care theory. Including 51 studies, the analysis facilitated the formulation of attributes, antecedents, and consequences of oral hygiene self-care. The ND "Oral hygiene self-care deficit" was created and included 17 defining characteristics, 9 related factors, 5 associated conditions, and 5 high-risk populations. Two cases were constructed to illustrate the use of key terms. The conceptual analysis provided insight into the concept of oral hygiene self-care and supported the structure of a new ND. This study contributes to the implementation of the nursing process by focusing on the identification of individuals with oral hygiene self-care deficit. It will facilitate the promotion of oral health, thereby impacting the individual's quality of life. In addition, it will aid in the development of public policy for the prevention of oral diseases.

Transforming guided internet interventions into simplified and self-guided digital tools – Experiences from three recent projects

IntroductionTherapist-guided internet interventions are often more efficacious than unguided ones. However, the guidance itself requires clinician time, and some research suggests that self-guided interventions could potentially be equally effective. The concept of digital psychological self-care, self-guided internet interventions based on the use of digital tools and provided within a structured clinical process, is presented. MethodsThree new self-care interventions, a sleep diary-based intervention for insomnia, an alcohol diary-based intervention for problematic alcohol use and an intervention with exposure and mindfulness tools for atopic dermatitis (eczema), were developed. Newly developed digital self-care interventions were compared to the earlier therapist-guided interventions they were based on, using published results from three feasibility trials (n's = 30, 36 and 21) and three randomized trials (n's = 148, 166 and 102). The comparison included type of content, duration, length of written material and within-group effect-sizes. ResultsIn comparison to the guided interventions, clinician time was greatly reduced and the new interventions involved much less reading for participants. The digital self-care tools also showed within-group effect sizes and response rates on par with the more comprehensive guided internet interventions. DiscussionPreliminary results suggest that some guided internet interventions can be transformed into self-guided digital tools. These three examples show that digital psychological self-care, if provided with telephone interviews before and after the intervention, can be viable alternatives to more comprehensive guided internet interventions. Although these examples are promising, further studies, including randomized experiments, are needed to compare treatment efficacies, and to identify which groups of patients may need more comprehensive guided internet interventions.

노인맞춤돌봄서비스 이용자의 특성이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of their characteristics on life satisfaction among elderly people who use customized elderly care services, which introduced the concept of self-care for the first time in Korea. For this purpose, awareness of self-care was included in the characteristics of users of customized elderly care services, and a survey was conducted on 298 elderly people who use customized elderly care services. The main analysis results are as follows. First, the higher the self-care awareness of customized elderly care service users, the higher their life satisfaction. Second, the better the subjective health status of individual service users, the higher their life satisfaction. Third, it was found that as the user's depression decreased, life satisfaction increased. Fourth, among the social factors of users, it was found that the better the support from friends, the higher the level of life satisfaction. The results of this study showed that among the various characteristics of users of customized elderly care services, self-care seemed to have the greatest impact on life satisfaction. Based on these research results, practical and policy implications were presented to improve the life satisfaction of users of customized elderly care services.

Nurses’ resilience and self-care in the era of the covid-19 pandemic: a pilot study

Introduction: During the crisis of the Covid-19 pandemic, frontline health personnel was faced with unprecedented working conditions. The need to adapt to rapidly changing healthcare protocols and changes in the workplace compromised the mental resilience of healthcare professionals. In this psychologically damaging situation for workers, the concept of self-care is of special importance. Objective: To investigate the relationship between resilience, self-care, self-compassion and stress of the nursing staff working in a tertiary hospital in Northern Greece and to identify the factors that predict the increasement of resilience. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in a convenience sample of 101 nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Northern Greece. Participants were called to fill in a battery of questionnaires that included: a) demographic-professional characteristics questions b) the Brief Resilience Scale, c) the Self-Compassion Scale, d) the Stress Scale – the Perceived Stress Scale, and e) the Self-care determination scale. Results: Participants showed moderate levels of stress and self-compassion and above average -moderate resilience. Regarding self-care, the majority presented higher values in social and professional dimension compared to the physical one. Resilience was negatively correlated with stress (p<0.001) and positively correlated with self-care (p<0.001) and self-compassion (p=0.001). Stress, self-care, and higher educational level (having a master’s degree and/or doctorate) predicted the 28.8% of the variance in resilience. Self-care enhancement interventions are suggested to to further enhance health professionals’ resilience, thus reduce stress of nursing staff working in highly demanding environments, including secondary care service

Who cares for carers? Responsibilization and the discourse of self-care in health and social care literature during the COVID-19 pandemic. A critical review

COVID-19 outbreak produced an unprecedented crisis in care sectors. Nursing home workers, healthcare, social care, and clinical social workers (HSCW) often took the burden of managing the crisis in their facilities, risking increased stress, trauma, and burnout. As a response to this issue, increased interest in self-care in health and social work literature could be observed. Yet, the concept of self-care is problematic, as it focuses attention on the individual responsibility to care for oneself, regardless of organisational and structural factors and obstacles. The article provides a critical literature review, focused on risk factors and psychological consequences of the pandemic in health and social care and clinical social work, and on the proposed response, namely, self-care. The aim of the article is to systematise knowledge about approaches to self-care in these sectors and to critically review those approaches. Critiques of self-care are considered, including those informed by Foucauldian perspective of governmentality and responsibilization. The concept of community care is introduced as an implication and an answer to these critiques.

Nurses' self-care strategies: A mapping review.

Nurses have long received recommendations to employ self-care behaviors to ensure their ability to remain in the profession; however, nurses are rarely asked what self-care behaviors are beneficial. This literature review aimed to map studies on nurses' self-care strategies to provide an understanding of how these strategies are addressed in the literature and to identify gaps in need of additional exploration. Searches were conducted in accordance with published mapping review methodologies across MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and identified influential nursing journals. Included studies were from the United States, peer-reviewed, and described self-care strategies related to nurses or the nursing profession. Thirty-five articles were identified for inclusion and were evaluated based on agreed-upon criteria to define how the concept of self-care was studied and applied to nurses. Three main categories were identified in this review: self-care and stress; self-care and burnout; and self-care and leadership, workplace factors, and physical activity. This mapping review revealed an abundance of literature related to self-care recommendations for nurses; however, there remains a dearth of studies investigating how nurses utilize self-care behaviors independently to improve their own professional well-being. Recommendations for next steps in research in this area are included.

Personal Health Tracking: A Paradigm Shift in the Self-Care Models in Nursing.

The rapidly evolving digital health landscape necessitates updates to existing self-care models in nursing. This viewpoint paper revisits and evaluates prevalent models, recognizing their comprehensive exploration of self-care concepts while also identifying a gap in the incorporation of personal informatics. It underscores the missing link of human-technology interplay, an essential aspect in understanding self-care practices within digital generations. The author delineates the role of personal health tracking in self-care and the achievement of desired health outcomes. Based on these insights, the author proposes a refined, digitized self-care model that incorporates mobile health (mHealth) technologies and self-tracking behaviors. The paper concludes by advocating the application of this model for future mHealth nursing interventions, providing a framework for facilitating patient self-care and improving health and well-being in the era of digital health.

Self-care among the Helping Professionals: A Systematic Literature Review

Introduction: Self-care is important in all aspect of our life. Generally, the concept of self-care is not a new term that attracted scholars to conduct relevant studies. Despite the number of self-care research on specific group or issues on the self-care practices, the comprehensive of self-care from the aspect of types, relation and factors of self-care has been relatively limited. Hence, this review synthesizes the available research exploring self-care issues among the helping professionals. Methods: A systematic review was conducted for papers published from year 2017-2021 included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods articles. Meanwhile, a Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) was adopted for current study. Two main journal databases, Scopus, Web of Science and additionally Google Scholar and PsycArticles were utilised. Results: The search yield 26 articles that can be analysed systematically. Outcome included identify types of self-care emphasized by helping professionals, relation, and factors influence self-care. Conclusion: Finding synthesizes the latest research on self-care, and highlights the benefits of self-care for the helping professionals. Finally, a number of recommendations were discussed at the end of the research.

Nursing Deans on Self-Care: The Case for a Trauma-Informed Approach.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic turned the world upside down and highlighted multiple sources of trauma inherent in the role of dean or director of an academic nursing unit. Experienced nursing deans (n = 3) identify common sources of trauma for nursing deans and directors, including a case example of traumatizing events and circumstances triggered by the pandemic. The concept of trauma-informed self-care is introduced and explored as an approach to achieving the goal of resilience and posttraumatic growth. Based on the Trauma-Informed Self-Care Measure-Revised, specific strategies for nursing deans and directors are recommended in three broad categories: (1) use of organizational resources; (2) observance of organizational protocols for employee support; and (3) dedication to stress management and work-life balance activities. To be a positive role model for faculty, staff, and students, nursing deans and directors would benefit from taking a trauma-informed approach to caring for themselves and others. [J Nurs Educ. 2023;62(8):450-453.].

Self-Care in Korean Immigrants with Chronic Diseases: A Concept Analysis.

Chronic illnesses among Korean immigrants (KIs) in the United States have been rapidly increasing, yet the concept of chronic disease self-care in this group has not been delineated. The aim of this study was to review previous research on self-care among KIs with chronic diseases and describe the concept in cultural context. Using Rodgers' Evolutionary Method, a total of 24 articles were analyzed. The definition and conceptual model of self-care in KIs with chronic diseases were proposed. The antecedents included knowledge and health literacy; social and family support; resources; patient-health care provider partnership; and elimination of cultural misbeliefs and disclosure of the disease. The attributes of the concept were aging well with diseases; treatment adherence; control and restriction; the acculturation process; care built on traditional Korean gender roles; and maintenance of mental health. The consequences involved positive physiological outcomes; self-efficacy; quality of life; and reducing worry about becoming a burden to the family. While the studied concept encompassed universal characteristics of chronic disease self-care, distinctive cultural features emerged. The findings contribute to a better understanding of chronic illness self-care in this population and the development of culturally sensitive and practical self-care interventions for KIs with chronic diseases.

"Taking Time": Exploring Music Therapy Student Self-Care Definitions and Practices.

The concept of self-care for music therapists is not a new topic in the literature, yet music therapy students' perspectives have largely been excluded from formal discussions and research studies. For this reason, this study aimed to examine music therapy students' conceptualizations of self-care and identify practices that students frequently engage in for self-care. As part of a national survey, music therapy students currently enrolled in an academic degree program for music therapy within the United States defined self-care and identified up to three of their most frequent self-care practices. We analyzed the student self-care definitions and self-care practices using inductive content analysis. Two primary categories emerged from the student definitions-the Act of Self-Care and the Desired Outcomes of Self-Care-with several more detailed subcategories. Additionally, we grouped participants' most common self-care practices into 10 categories and identified two emergent areas for exploration: self-care practices done with others/done alone and engaging in self-care practices that intentionally do not involve anything related to academics/coursework/clinical work. Together, these findings indicate that students' conceptualizations of self-care and their self-care practices have similarities and differences with music therapy professionals' perspectives and practices. We discuss these findings in depth and provide recommendations for future self-care discussions that emphasize the need to prioritize students' perspectives and to expand conceptualizations of self-care to include contextual and systemic impacts and factors that influence the individual self-care experience.

Examining the Understanding and Practices of Self-Care Among Philippine Helping Professionals

Abstract: Although the concept of self-care for helping professionals has a growing body of psychological literature in the United States, this is not the case in other countries, such as the Philippines. As the research on self-care for helping professionals has continued to develop, it is becoming evident that further exploration is needed in relation to different predictor variables, populations, and professions. Inherent to the ideals and values of the mental health profession is the focus on the needs of the client, possibly at the cost of the professional. The potential outcome may be a helping professional who is numb to their day-to-day life stressors who may experience burnout at a much faster rate in comparison to other professions. The research on burnout has emphasized the importance of self-care but yet to examine how self-care should be implemented within the Philippine culture. In the Philippines, a typical helping professional’s caseload may be more than three times the average in developed countries, such as the United States. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of self-care, provide a framework of self-care components important to Filipino/a helping professionals, and explore how they address burnout and vicarious trauma in relation to their self-care practices. Using qualitative interviews of Filipino/a helping professionals and Conventional Content Analysis, 12 self-care themes emerged from their responses.

“I’ve never experienced this before, I don’t know what I need”– a qualitative study on social support and self-care during the first year after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Purpose To describe perceived support, support needs and self-care among individuals during the first year after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Material and methods The study had a qualitative descriptive design with a deductive approach using the concepts of social support and self-care. The informants (n = 16) had been treated for aSAH at a university hospital in Sweden and were interviewed one year after the event. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and a manifest directed content analysis was performed. Results The findings revealed great variation in the narratives, both regarding the support received and the support desired, as well as the described self-care abilities. All codes were covered by the predefined categories and subcategories: social support (including esteem/emotional support, informational support, social companionship, instrumental support) and self-care (including self-management, self-monitoring, symptom management, self-efficacy). Conclusions Not being offered the support needed aggravated the possibility to manage the new life after aSAH. The confidence in self-care abilities was influenced by symptom control and how much life had changed in comparison to before the aSAH. Educational efforts are suggested to facilitate the transition from hospital discharge and to promote specialized rehabilitation at home and self-care abilities.

Analyzing the concept of sexual self-care in preschool children: A qualitative study.

Child sexual abuse is a global concern for families and societies. Therefore, child protection from sexual harassment is of particular importance. The present study aimed to investigate the concept of sexual self-care in children. The present research is a qualitative study conducted with a content analysis approach. The study participants include 39 child sex education specialists, parents of children aged 4-7 years, adolescents who were sexually abused in childhood, and those with no experience of sexual abuse in childhood. The participants were selected through purposive sampling method. Different people's interpretations of the concept of sexual self-care in children were explored using semi-structured and face-to-face interviews, which continued until the saturation of concepts. Data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman method. Guba and Lincoln's criteria were used to strengthen the validity and transferability of the data. Sexual self-care in children was identified from participants' viewpoints in the study. This self-care includes three main components and six subcomponents of (1) knowledge about privacy, risk situation, and trustworthy people, (2) attitude and perception of risk, and (3) behavioral skills in self-protection (i.e., post-injury reaction). Further injuries can be prevented by improving the level of awareness, forming the right attitude, and strengthening children's behavioral skills toward sexual self-care. Such issues, which are representatives of privacy, risk situations, and self-protection ability, can improve children's sexual self-care skills.

Self-care for health and wellbeing – a literature review

Introduction: Self-care concept is not a new idea, but during the scientific era that strengthened the authority of health care providers, the use of self-care became less valued. Self-care has major benefits for individuals and health care systems. Many factors influence self-care and several tools have been developed to measure an individual’s ability to self-care. Health workers play an important role helping people understand and use self-care practices. Aim: To provide an overview on self-care approach to better understand different aspects of self-care as important intervention for improving health and well-being. Methodology: A series of recently published articles in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science as well as WHO guidelines related to self-care were identified and used for this review. A database of selected articles was created, and a reference list compiled. Results: The effectiveness of self-care interventions has been found in several published articles. In patients with various diseases, higher levels of self-care are associated with better health outcomes, including reduced hospitalizations, costs, and mortality. Various studies report that self-care is influenced by several factors such as: age, education, socio-economic and health education level, geographic environment, and family support. WHO has developed competency standards for health workers to support people’s ability to self-care. Conclusions: Humanitarian crises-armed conflict, natural disasters, major disease outbreaks have a significant impact on global health and require innovative strategies that go beyond the health sector. There is growing evidence of the effectiveness of selfcare interventions for improving health and well-being. Health workers have a key role in implementing and promoting self-care interventions. Keywords: self-care, health, wellbeing, quality of life, self-care measurement.