Society of Family Planning Research Practice Support: Digital and data security for abortion research in a post-Dobbs era-A primer for qualitative researchers.

Globally, military expenditures continue to rise, while capacities for conflict prevention, diplomacy, and peacebuilding remain persistently underfunded. Concurrently, rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping military strategy, information environments, and geopolitical dynamics. These developments underscore the urgent need for a renewed peace ethics capable of addressing militarized AI, structural security asymmetries, and the transformative power of emerging technologies. This essay argues for a shift from a predominantly militarized conception of security toward a comprehensive framework grounded in human security, multilateralism, and a proactive “AI for Peace” agenda. Drawing on United Nations frameworks, the 2025 UN call to rebalance military spending, contemporary peace research (including the 2025 Friedensgutachten of the German Peace Research Institutes), and current geopolitical challenges, the essay develops conceptual foundations, policy alternatives, and ethical criteria, and presents a focused case study illustrating how AI for Peace tools could support conflict mediation and peace assessment in the ongoing Russian–Ukrainian war.

The study „Geopolitical Transformation and New-Generation Warfare“ examines the dynamics of the contemporary international system, where multipolarity, shifts in geostrategic axes, resource competition, and geoeconomic rivalry create a complex, multi-layered conflict environment. The research explores the concept of new-generation warfare (NGW), its hybrid forms, cyber and informational strategies, which pose significant challenges to modern states. The main objective of this research is to analyze how the concepts of security and state sovereignty are being transformed in the 21st century, to understand the dilemmas faced by small and medium-sized states within a multipolar international system, and to examine the influence of geoeconomic instruments and resource competition on contemporary conflicts. The study employs theoretical analysis, documentary research, comparative methods, and contemporary international practice examples. The findings reveal that NGW forms, multipolarity, and geoeconomic challenges require comprehensive, integrated approaches across military, economic, informational, and legal domains. The conclusions emphasize the necessity for states to adopt strategic planning and resilient policies to secure sovereignty, maintain security, and ensure sustainable development in the evolving global environment.

ABSTRACT Human rights guarantees in Indonesia are still far from the expected commitments in the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration, ratified by ASEAN countries on November 19, 2012. The implementation of the human rights guarantee has yet to be gender‐responsive; even in many cases, it is still discriminatory against women. This article identifies the threat to human security experienced by women as indicators not yet guaranteed human rights in Indonesia and how the governance model can be a solution. Feminist theory, the concept of human security, and the governance of feminism are used to answer this problem. The analysis was carried out by interpreting various data obtained from various sources in the form of secondary data. This study found that Indonesian women still experience threats to economic security, food security, health security, environmental security, political security, community security, and personal security. For this reason, the government needs to improve governance to guarantee human rights with governance feminism.

In the context of global polycrises and digital transformation, the pharmaceutical industry is becoming a critically important element in the economic and technological security of the country. The examples of the COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions pressure demonstrate the mechanisms of polycrises, their impact on the pharmaceutical industry, and the need to transform strategic thinking. The solutions lie in various disciplines. The study examines a new methodological approach to researching the economic security of the industry, based on the concepts of interdisciplinarity and the digital economy. Through the “Mode 2” concept, the need to move from traditional linear analysis to scientific life built around the practice of ensuring the economic security of the pharmaceutical industry is demonstrated. Digitalization has a transformative impact on the pharmaceutical industry while also being a source of new threats and a basis for the formation of integrative analytical approaches. The complexity of digital supply chains, data vulnerability, and dependence on global IT infrastructure create qualitatively different risk contours that require interdisciplinary analysis. At the same time, digital tools such as big data, artificial intelligence, and digital twins make it possible to build comprehensive methodologies for economic security assessment, combining technological, economic, and regulatory parameters into a single cognitive framework. It was found that the concept of economic security as an integrative environment is capable not only of combining diverse knowledge but also of serving as an operational platform for decision-making in conditions of growing uncertainty. Particular attention is paid to the institutionalization of integrated research platforms and the development of a new cognitive model of interdisciplinary specialists’ activities, the “thinking interface,” as the ability to connect the logic of different areas of knowledge (technological, economic, and regulatory). The formation of a new educational trajectory for the training of such specialists is suggested. The results of the study show that the economic security of pharmaceuticals in turbulent conditions is not only an object of analysis but also a tool for strategic action. It is at this point that the practical experience and responsibility of researchers must intersect, forming the architecture of a sustainable future for the industry.

It is indicated that the physical training of military personnel is an integral element of the formation of the state’s defense capability, however, the current system of administrative and legal regulation of this area remains fragmentary and insufficiently coordinated with the current needs of national security. The article examines the administrative and legal foundations of the physical training of military liable citizens within the national security system of Ukraine. It outlines the growing importance of physical readiness as a component of defence-related human potential and demonstrates its transformation from an element of general physical education into a mechanism that strengthens the state’s defence capability under conditions of armed aggression. The study analyses key theoretical approaches to the concept of national security and highlights the relationship between the physical readiness of citizens and the stability of the national security environment. The normative framework governing physical training is explored through an assessment of legislative provisions and departmental regulations adopted by the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the National Guard of Ukraine and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. These acts define the structure and content of physical training, establish evaluation criteria and control procedures, and shape the legal parameters of professional suitability for military service. The organisational dimension of physical training is analysed through the role of specialised structural units responsible for planning, coordination, methodological support and monitoring. Particular attention is given to the importance of infrastructural capacity and institutional mechanisms that ensure the implementation of state policy in the field of physical readiness and support the development of defence-related human resources. The final section identifies the principal problems of administrative and legal regulation and sets out priority directions for its modernisation. The study substantiates the need to introduce a unified national standard of physical readiness for military liable citizens, strengthen interagency coordination, update departmental regulations and develop advanced systems for monitoring physical fitness. The enhancement of these mechanisms is presented as a necessary precondition for increasing the state’s defence capability.

The article aims to analyze the impact of historical memory on foreign and security policy using the example of Serbia and Croatia and their bilateral relations. The basis for considerations is the concept of ontological security, which indicates the construction of the state’s identity, and is implemented through political decisions and social practices (e.g. remembering important historical events). The memory is treated as a social construct. The article focuses on memory, which leads to the formation of state identity in bilateral and regional or international relations. Historical memory as an element of memory politics in bilateral relations generates many research questions about actors-leaders and institutions who use certain mechanisms, and instruments of its creation. Leaders and institutions use historical memory to create separate identities, commemorate chosen and appropriate national heroes, celebrate important dates, historical places, and events, and lead selective narratives. The most significant elements in the analysis of historical memory of Serbia and Croatia relations are: 1. the National Security Strategy of Croatia and leaders narrative; 2. the 1990s conflict named the Homeland War and its perception by both sides 3. commemoration of official Days of Remembrance related to, among others, Vukovar, Škabrnja, or Operation “Storm”.

The escalation of military and political conflicts, the negative impact of climate change, and force majeure circumstances determine the growing role of food security as a key element of national security. Recognizing the priority of the food security aspect necessitates an in-depth study of the mechanisms for integrating the concept of food security into Ukraine’s national security legislation and system, which defines the purpose of this article. An analysis of scholars’ approaches to the interpretation of food security has made it possible to systematize its basic characteristics and key dimensions, confirming the transformation of understanding food security not only as the availability of physical and economic access for every person to safe and sufficient food, but primarily as an integral component of economic security and a prerequisite for ensuring national security. The results of the analysis of Ukraine’s regulatory framework in the field of national security policy confirm the gradual integration of the food security concept into domestic security legislation and the national security system, as evidenced by the adoption of the Food Security Strategy of Ukraine in 2024 and the introduction of a methodology for calculating its indicators. The comparison of the factors, structural components, and calculation indicators of food security defined in the article with the methodology approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1140 of September 15, 2025, demonstrates their correlation and the comprehensiveness of the proposed indicator set. Specifically, for all categories of key factors shaping food security, the methodology provides for the calculation of indicators corresponding to its structural elements, which indicates a complex approach to food security monitoring and the ability to identify food threats at an early stage when indicators approach critical (threshold) values. The adoption of the Food Security Strategy confirms the final consolidation of food security in Ukrainian legislation as a subject of priority legal regulation and long-term planning and highlights the need to assess the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for calculating food security indicators, which determines the prospects for further research in this area.

This article examines Ukraine’s legal framework for ensuring state security. The study aims to assess the current stage of its development and to propose legal improvements that align with international security standards. The findings indicate that Ukraine’s legislation lacks a unified conceptual approach to defining state security, resulting in legal uncertainty and inefficiencies in protective measures. Three key dimensions of state security are identified: substantive (a set of military actions to counter threats), institutional (the distribution of powers among authorities), and organizational-legal (a system of regulatory provisions). The concept of state security is proposed to be understood as preventive and deterrent measures undertaken by the state to safeguard territorial integrity. The study concludes that a legal framework distinguishing state security from national and military security should be developed. It further advocates legislative reforms to strengthen Ukraine’s resilience against modern threats and to ensure the effective protection of national interests.

Unveiling the multifaceted concept of cognitive security: Trends, perspectives, and future challenges

Food security remains a critical challenge in Indonesia, where population growth, land conversion, and environmental degradation threaten sustainable food systems. Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), as influential educational and community-based institutions, hold significant potential to contribute to food security through integrated education and practice. By embedding food security concepts into curricula and daily routines, pesantren can cultivate a holistic model that unites faith, knowledge, and sustainability. This study emphasizes the role of santri in developing practical competencies through hydroponics, aquaponics, biopore infiltration systems, organic waste utilization, and sustainable cultivation. These practices not only ensure the availability of nutritious food for students but also foster ecological awareness, technical skills, and entrepreneurial capacity. The methodology includes the development of structured learning modules, hands-on training, teacher capacity building, and institutional integration, supported by monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to ensure sustainability. A notable example is Pesantren Tahfiz Al-Qur’an Ibnu Jauzi, Dramaga, Bogor, which demonstrates the potential to combine religious education with innovative food security initiatives. In the long term, pesantren-based programs strengthen institutional self-sufficiency, reduce dependency on external supplies, and empower surrounding communities, positioning pesantren as strategic actors in advancing national food sovereignty and sustainable development.

Food security has re-emerged as a central concern in international politics, particularly amid rising geopolitical and economic tensions among major powers. It now features prominently in high-level policy debates and is increasingly referenced in legal instruments across domains ranging from trade to humanitarian law. This article explores the reflection of the food security concept from a legal perspective and assesses its current status within international law. It demonstrates how food security is invoked across various legal regimes yet lacks a cohesive and codified foundation. The article draws a conceptual difference between food security and the right to food (two distinct but interrelated and mutually enforcing constructs) and argues that the existing regulatory framework is inadequate for meeting global food security challenges. The author calls for the development of a distinct body of food security law governed by its own normative principles.

This article aims to reveal how the politics of food governance by looking at government policies and the implementation of Pantuntung religious values in anticipating the food crisis for the Kajang indigenous community in Bulukumba, Indonesia. This article borrows the concept of food security as an analytical tool and is described in a qualitative-descriptive manner with a data base based on field research. In general, this article concludes as follows; Firstly, the Regional Government of Bulukumba Regency issued Regional Regulation No. 9/2015 on the Inauguration, Recognition of Rights, and Protection of the Ammatoa Kajang Customary Law Community which explicitly guarantees the management and utilisation of land for the Kajang indigenous people individually and communally. Secondly, the indigenous people of the Kajang tribe protect their environment by being guided by Pasang in the Patuntung belief system. Thirdly, the culture of the Kajang indigenous people to ensure the availability of food to avoid a food crisis is to equip each of their houses with para'. Para' functions as a food governance mechanism adopted from the local wisdom of the Kajang tribe.

BackgroundHealth security is an important aspects affecting quality of life, particularly older people who live independently. This research and development aimed to: 1) assess the current health security situation, 2) develop a health-driven security model, and 3) evaluate the effectiveness of the developed model.MethodologyThe study consisted of four phases: 1) assessing the health safety and security of 377 older adults and conducting a focus group discussion with 15 stakeholders in Mueang District, Lampang Province; 2) developing a health-driven security model based on the human security concept; 3) implementing the developed model with 40 older adults selected through purposive sampling, calculated by G* Power statistics; and 4) evaluating the model’s effectiveness. Research tools included the developed model and data collection instruments with an IOC greater than 0.80.ResultsThe overall health safety and security situation in older adults aged 60–69 years old in Lampang Province was found to be at an average level (X = 76.50, SD = 4.90). The developed model comprises the Older Adults’ Safety and Security Questionnaire (OA-SQs) and a framework for health-driven security, covering seven aspects: environment, health, personal, knowledge for living, political, community, and economic security. Evaluation of the model’s effectiveness revealed significant improvements, particularly in environmental, health, and personal security domains, with statistical significance before and after participating in learning model (p < .05).ConclusionThe developed model is suitable for promoting the security of older adults and can be applied to both healthy and frail elderly populations.

As the concept of national security and the nature of strategic competition evolve, industrial policy competition has increasingly become a defining feature of great-power competition. This study constructs a welfare function based on the analysis of industrial policy returns, employing a duopoly game model to explore the dynamics of competition and cooperation in the context of great-power competition. The findings suggest that in the short run, major powers tend to adopt strategic competition strategies, leading to instability in cooperation. In the long run, the realization and maintenance of cooperation depend on incentive mechanisms and penalty constraints. Specifically, a higher proportion of strategic industries raises the threshold for cooperation, making nations more likely to sustain short-term strategic competition. Sensitivity to technological gaps, however, facilitates the realization of long-term cooperation. When retaliatory subsidy probabilities are included, the stability of long-term cooperation hinges on the enforceability of the penalty mechanism. Furthermore, an infinite-horizon game does not necessarily lead to cooperation, and a finite punishment mechanism makes cooperation even more difficult. Numerical simulations are employed to validate the stability of the model, providing theoretical support for the strategic choices of latecomer countries in global industrial competition.

Abstract The global proliferation of Chinese investments has raised national security concerns among many host States. Western economies such as the United States and Australia have strengthened their foreign investment screening (FIS) regimes partially in response to these concerns. Korea and Japan, as representative East Asian economies, have also joined the trend of strengthening FIS regimes to manage security risks associated with foreign investments. This article investigates whether national security has also emerged as a focal point of confrontation between developed East Asian countries and China in international investment landscape. It investigates China’s legal concept of national security and its growing importance in the country’s foreign investment policy. It then examines the FIS regimes in Korea and Japan as well as their practical operations in relation to Chinese investments, with a focus on how national security concerns have shaped their approaches to Chinese investments. This article argues that a national security-focused confrontation has emerged between developed East Asian countries and China in the international investment landscape as a result of their shared national security concerns. Korea and Japan should avoid politicising their FIS regimes in order to prevent potential violations of international investment law and contribute to East Asian economic harmony.

This article investigates how the notion of informal social security and communal lifestyle has played a significant role in sustaining the livelihood of indigenous people in South Africa. Reflecting on various indigenous informal social security safety methods, the article demonstrates how indigenous communities have used these safety nets and indigenous knowledge systems in their quest to survive against all odds. Informal social security refers to self-organised family, community or informal sector coping mechanisms. The article argues that these tailor-made traditional informal social security practices play an invaluable parallel role in the formal social security systems in South Africa. It is submitted that in many instances, these traditional safety nets serve an important complimentary role to existing formal social security measures for poor communities. The article further contends that this is crucial for poor indigenous peoples' well-being. Through informal social security initiatives, indigent households in South Africa have lessened the scourge of poverty, unemployment, inequalities, floods, and recently also the negative effects of HIV/AIDS and the COVID-19 pandemic. The article concludes by examining the challenges facing indigenous informal social security systems and makes some recommendations regarding these challenges.

This article explores the significance of ontological security in shaping Indonesia’s foreign policy formulation. Moving beyond material conceptions of security focused on military, economic, and territorial dimensions it argues that Indonesia’s foreign behavior is deeply influenced by the need to maintain a stable sense of national identity and historical continuity. As the world’s largest Muslim-majority democracy and a leading Southeast Asian nation, Indonesia consistently projects itself through identity-based narratives rooted in anti-colonialism and the “free and active” foreign policy doctrine. Its unwavering support for Palestinian independence, participation in the Non-Aligned Movement, and regional leadership in ASEAN illustrate how ontological security underpins diplomatic consistency and domestic legitimacy. However, the same identity-driven approach can also create friction between ideological commitments and pragmatic interests, particularly in managing relations with major powers such as China and the United States. The study concludes that while ontological security provides coherence and credibility, it also demands adaptive strategies. It recommends identity-sensitive diplomacy, coherent narrative management, strategic flexibility, and inclusive public engagement to ensure that Indonesia’s foreign policy remains balanced between identity preservation and practical global engagement.

With the increasing complexity of Autonomous Vehicle networks, enhanced cyber security has become a critical challenge. Traditional security techniques often struggle to adapt dynamically to evolving threats. Overcoming these limitations, this paper presents a novel domain ontology to structure knowledge concerning AV security threats, intrusion characteristics, and corresponding mitigation techniques. Unlike previous work, which mainly focused on static classifications or direct integration within Intrusion Detection Systems, our approach has the distinctive feature of creating a formalized and coherent semantic representation. The ontology was designed using Protégé 4.3 and Web Ontology Language (OWL), modeled from the core cyber security concepts of AVs, and it provides a more nuanced threat classification and significantly superior automated reasoning capability. An important feature of our design is that the ontology formalization was done independently of any real-time IDS integration. A PoC was carried out to prove that the ontology could select the most appropriate method of mitigation, using as input the output of machine-learning-based IDS; SPARQL queries retrieve mitigation instance, type, and effectiveness. This design choice enables us to concentrate strictly on validating the foundational semantic coherence and reasoning power of the knowledge structure, hence providing a robust and reliable analytical framework for further reactive and predictive security applications. The experimental evaluation confirms enhanced effectiveness in knowledge organization and reduces inconsistencies in security threat analysis. Specifically, class classification was performed in 1.049 s, while consistency check required just 0.044 s, hence validating the model’s robustness against classification principles and concept inferences. This work thus paves the way for the development of more intelligent and adaptive security frameworks. In the future, research will be focused on the integration with real-time security monitoring and IDS frameworks and on the study of optimization techniques, such as genetic algorithms, to improve the real-time selection of the countermeasures.

The international experience of ensuring the security of the energy market is considered, in particular from the illegal actions of officials. A review of regulatory documents and regulatory acts of the European Union on the security of the energy market is carried out and it is emphasized that in developed democracies of the world, the illegal activities of officials in the energy market entail strict legal consequences. An analysis of the main types of risks associated with the illegal actions of officials in the energy market is carried out and it is proved that the abuse of officials in the energy market includes corruption in the form of misappropriation of state energy revenues, conclusion of contracts by corrupt methods to circumvent the rules or promote private gain, manipulation of energy prices or the introduction of monopolistic practices. It is emphasized that illegal actions committed by officials in the energy market deprive competitors of fair access to electricity networks, which leads to unfair competition and increased costs for consumers. The complexity of the problem of energy market security and illegal actions in the fuel and energy complex in the context of the economic security of the state is noted. The issues of financial risks and threats of illegal actions in the energy market are separately highlighted. Conclusions are drawn on ways to improve the regulatory framework of Ukraine and implement the experience of leading countries in the world in regulating issues of ensuring security in the energy market. It is emphasized that each state strives for the effective implementation of its own holistic and interconnected system of measures to ensure energy security, focused on national interests and strategic priorities. Leading countries of the world (Germany, France, Norway, Great Britain, the USA) have defined and are implementing their own concepts of energy security, which are transformed under the influence of challenges and threats, modern technologies and the needs of developing the energy sector on the principles of sustainability. It is emphasized that Ukraine, in war conditions, has generated its own practical experience in ensuring the functioning of the energy system, which is valuable for the international community in the context of responding to large-scale challenges and threats to energy security.