Concept Of Secularization Research Articles

Ir ort oyf der velt/ Her place in the world.Irena Klepfisz’s Secular Jewish Identity

This study explores the concept of Jewish secularism through the works of Irena Klepfisz, a Polish-born, New York-based Jewish poet. Rooted in the Jewish workers’ party, the Bund, activein the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Klepfi sz’s identity and poetry are examined against thebackdrop of Jewish history, secularism, and feminism. Her unique notion of secular Jewish identity,shaped by her Bundist upbringing, Holocaust trauma, and engagement with post-war feministmovements, is highlighted. Klepfisz’s poetry, especially her 1986 essay “Secular Jewish Identity”,serves as a focal point, illustrating the role of literary scholarship in forming a post-war Jewishsecular identity. This identity is enriched by her experiences as a Holocaust survivor, feminist,and lesbian. The study aims to present Klepfisz’s version of contemporary secular Jewish identity,offering insights into how her readers might resonate with her radical blend of secularism, feminism,and Jewish cultural heritage.

تصورات الفكر الحداثي عن التشريعات الإسلامية للأسرة: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة

This study aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the perceptions of modernity-related thought concerning family affairs in Islamic legislation. Analyzing the discourse of modernity and the issues raised therein, the researcher attempts to answer the following questions: what effect-if any- does one’s stance on religious heritage have on the study of family-related issues? what are the flaws of the modernists with respect to the family? what are the alternative perceptions that Islam presents concerning family values and legislation? To answer these questions- and to achieve the objective of his study- the researcher has used a descriptive as well as a comparative approach. In conclusion, the study has found that the flaws of the modernist approach, which adopts western secular concepts and values on a universal scale, can be traced back to its rejection of any cultural particularities stemming from religious heritage. That is why it fails to acknowledge or explain the changes witnessed in daily life in Muslim societies. Understandably, an explanation of such changes cannot be reduced exclusively to a material worldview. Identifying some features of such shortcomings, the researcher has referred to the modernists’ rejection of value-based family cohesion, and how they see it as a source of violation to women's rights. Or worse still, they see it as a form of stereotyping the gender roles in line with religious rulings. On the positive side, the study outlined some features of an alternative methodology from within the Islamic worldview- to address the issues of parent education, family upbringing based on dialogue, equality among family members, and women’s freedoms, which modernists usually raise. The study ends by urging researchers to conduct further case studies on a specific country or family institutions. The focus of such works should be on evaluating the content of the modernist discourse in international agreements, and its impact on women and children, on the identity of the family, as well as its functions and characteristics from the perspective of cultural differences among nations.

Cекулярность и религия: реальность или концепт?

The article examines radical rethinking of the correlation between secularity and religion in so-called post-secular period, which has led to the emergence of a variety of concepts based on very different grounds. The article is aimed at searching an answer to the following question: are the common, taken for granted theoretical concepts of secularity and religion can be adequate to the reality they seek to describe, and, if so, how this could be proved? The article examines the concept of “secularity” in the modernity as meta-narrative according to which secularity and religion are seen as opposites where strengthening of one necessarily entails the weakening of the other; the disintegration of this meta-narrative in postcolonial critique and the theory of “multiple secularities”, which has raised doubts about the adequacy of the historical interpretation of secularity as a homogeneous project within the framework of modernization as a global process is studied. The history of the concept “religion” in relation to secularity is reviewed; it is proved that today, due to the infinite variety of empirical manifestations of religiosity (doctrines, symbols, rituals, institutions, etc.), their analytical description is complicated due to the lack of a common conceptual ground. The contradiction between institutional and individual religion, and various theories of new types of religiosity, are considered. The article analyzes the concept of pluralism as one of the research strategies in studying the correlation of secularity and religion; pluralism is seen as the situation when none of the competing worldviews can pose itself as the final arbiter of the available systems of ultimate meanings, which gives individuals and communities the right to freely construct their religious identity. The author pays special attention to Ch. Taylor and R. Bellah’s concepts of secularity and religion. It is concluded that in the crisis of the previous research strategy in the study of secularity and religion, the most adequate is meta-position as an attempt to assess the relationship between the reality being described and theoretical methods of describing it. In addition, meta-position presupposes a fundamental shift of the research focus from the subject as an object to the subject as a researcher and to the specifics of the research process.

Conscience, Caricatures, and Catholic Identities.

Catholic health care is often viewed as antithetical to secular conceptions of autonomy. This view can engender calls to protect "choice" in Catholic facilities. However, this view is built on a fundamental misunderstanding of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services (ERDs). This commentary, which responds to "Principled Conscientious Provision: Referral Symmetry and Its Implications for Protecting Secular Conscience," by Abram Brummett et al., seeks to demonstrate the nuance of the ERDs as well as to address some of the challenges various Catholic identities have when interpreting and living out the ERDs so that all patients receive high-quality, compassionate care. By highlighting the Church's desire to protect all people at every stage, I hope to dispel the caricatures that often result from misunderstandings by Catholics and non-Catholics alike.

Revival of Islam Post-Soviet Period in Kyrgyzstan

The relationship between national and religious in state building, the concept of secularism and democracy in the conditions of the Muslim majority are analyzed. The growing influence of Islam on many areas of social and political relations was a completely natural consequence of the collapse of the USSR and the ideology of atheism. The democratic path of development of Kyrgyzstan, relative freedom of religion, and the opening of borders create conditions where Islam not only returns the role it lost in society over 70 years, but also embraces new spheres of influence in which its impact cannot be ignored. -

Study of Maudhu'i's Interpretation of Secularism Verses

In this modern era, the Islamic religion is faced with various kinds of complex problems. The values of the Islamic religion have begun to fade and religious rules are put aside in order to fulfill one's desires. Secularism is a phenomenon that comes from evidence of humanity's distance from Islamic teachings. The perpetrators of secularism do things that are deviant for the good of their world so that their desires are fulfilled while religious values are not adhered to. This also happened during the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, when the world became their goal and they underestimated the affairs of the afterlife. The aim of this paper is to understand the concept of secularism in the verses of the Koran using a Maudhu'i interpretation approach. The method used is a qualitative method using literature review. There are several verses in the Qur'an that discuss secularism, namely Q.S Al-Baqarah verses 85-86, Q.S Hud verses 15-16 and Q.S Al Isra verse 18, at-Tin verse 4, ar-Rum verse 30, and an-Nisa verse 119. As a form of interpretation using a maudhu'i approach, the researcher also discusses asbab al-nuzul, munasabah and language rules as a complement to the interpretation. Beside that, it also mentions the phenomena of secularism in the modern era such as plastic surgery and sex change. The results of the research explain that secularism is an ideology that is contrary to Islam. Where this concept separates religious involvement in worldly matters and leding to atheisme in the end.

The reactionary use of concepts of secularism, pluralism and freedom of expression: implications for education studies

ABSTRACT This paper is the text of a keynote address given at the Education Studies Association of Ireland Conference on March 31st 2023. Drawing on diverse examples of reactionary politics in Ireland and the UK such as protests against queer-inclusive education, the maintenance of sectarian and Catholic majoritarian schooling, and the use of ideas of 'free speech' arguments to shut down anti-racist education, Karl Kitching argues for vigilance against the use of ostensibly liberal ideas about secularism, pluralism and free expression to damage collective solidarity, equality and democracy in education and wider society.

The Critique of Secularism by Talal Asad as a Chance to Look for New Ways of Proclamation

In democratic societies, it is taken for granted to withdraw religiosity from public life. In this paper, we point to Talal Asad’s critique of this taken-for-grantedness. Using his genealogical method, he attempts to find the origin of this relegation of religiosity to the private sphere. The concept of secularity, he argues, is primarily an expression of the power of those who insist on enlightened reason. At the same time, secularism becomes, in a sense, a new religion, the only one acceptable in a democratic society. While we point out the causes of the secularization process, we also point out the aspects that are problematic in such a conception of religion. The Church’s response must take into account the process of secularization, but it must not fall into the same logic that led to this process in the first place. We point out the danger that the separation between the sacred and the profane, the physical and the spiritual, is increasing even in the new religious movements. We therefore propose a form of proclamation that involves the whole person and addresses him or her in everyday life.

THE URGENCY OF IMPLEMENTING FAITH EDUCATION IN CHILDREN

The decline in religious activity among young people in many countries and the influence of secularization in today's culture highlight the urgency of faith education. Data shows a trend of declining religious involvement among younger generations, and in some communities, the challenges of maintaining faith in an increasingly secular culture are becoming more pronounced. Harvey Cox proposed the concept of secularization as liberation from the influence of religion and metaphysical thought, with an emphasis on the difference between secularization and secularism. This approach creates space for a deeper understanding of religious values and the application of these values in everyday life. Faith education is the key to overcoming this challenge. In the Islamic context, faith education helps bridge the gap between secularization and religious values, enabling young generations to understand and integrate their beliefs in the context of an increasingly secular world. This approach is not just about replacing religion but rather about developing freer thinking in living the world. Keywords: Islamic faith education, secularism, social problems

Sabarimala Verdict- A Constitutional Revolution

India is a secular state, as enshrined in the Constitution of India. The preamble emphasizes the ideals of justice, liberty, equity and fraternity ensuring the state remains neutral in matters of religion. The very concept of secularism is based on the fact that the state will have no religion but it does not mean that it is an irreligious or atheistic state. Nor is it an anti-religious state. It merely explains that the state has no religion of its own. However, it respects all religions and the constitution guarantees freedom of religion to all citizens fostering a diverse inclusive society. This paper deals revolves around The Sabarimala Temple case which revolves around the constitutional and cultural aspects of religious practices in India. The case sparked debates on the balances between religious freedom and gender equality. In 2018, the Supreme Court lifted the ban on the entry of women of menstruating age into the temple, challenging the tradition that restricted their access. While some hailed it as a progressive step, others argued for the preservation of cultural and religious practice. This abstract encapsulates the multifaceted dimensions of Sabarimala temple case, touching upon issues of constitutional rights, cultural sensitivity and ongoing dialogue between tradition and modernity.

Seeking the Neural Correlates of Awakening

Contemplative scholarship has recently reoriented attention towards the neuroscientific study of the soteriological ambition of Buddhist practice, 'awakening'. This article evaluates the project of seeking neural correlates for awakening. Key definitional and operational issues are identified demonstrating that: the nature of awakening is highly contested both within and across Buddhist traditions; the meaning of awakening is both context- and concept-dependent; and awakening may be non-conceptual and ineffable. It is demonstrated that operationalized secular conceptions of awakening, divorced from soteriological and cultural factors, have little relationship to traditional Buddhist construct(s) of awakening. This article identifies methodological issues for secular conceptions of awakening concerning introspection and neuroimaging yet demonstrates also the value of recent advancements in empirical first-person phenomenology for attenuating introspective bias. Overall, it is contended that significant problems arise when decontextualizing awakening and placing it within a scientific naturalistic framework. Careful attention to the definitional, operational, and methodological neuroscientific obstacles identified herein is required in the responsible approach to the investigation of awakening states.

The Catholic Modernity of Pope Benedict XVI: Healthy Secularity and Christian Jurisprudence

This article examines the concept of healthy secularity in the thought of Pope Benedict XVI. In developing the idea of healthy secularity, Benedict builds upon longstanding themes in Catholic social thought while also provoking a deeper engagement with western modernity. Rather than placing Christianity and the secular in an oppositional framework, Benedict positions Christianity as the foundation of an authentic secular order. In so doing, he opens up new modes of critical engagement with western legal and political thought. Yet, while the concept offers a creative theological method for addressing contemporary issues, it depends for its realisation on vanishing cultural resources that are being eroded by the very secular order he aims to heal.

ISLAM SEKULER DI TURKI DAN PEMIKIRAN KEMAL ATATURK

There are three areas that can be observed in applying secularism in the era of the Kemalis reforms. First, is the secularization of the state, education, and the law in the form of attacks on the traditional power centers of the institutionalized clergy. Second, is the attack on the symbols of European civilization. Third, is the secularization of social life and attacks on Islam that its people adhere to. The aspects of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's thinking include those in the political system. At that time, Turkey was a very dictatorial one-party regime. Second, in religious reform. The state guarantees freedom of worship, for citizens, in its implementation carried out in the spirit of radical nationalism and imposed by Kemalis. And the third, in the field of education. Kemal's efforts in his policy showhow his desire should be completely sterile from sharia interference. 
 However, the author at this point agrees with Al-Attas's opinion that Islam rejects any application of a secular concept in any form. Because all of that does not belong to Islam and is contrary to everything.

Understanding Communalism, Secularism and Regionalism

The main objective of this research paper is to acquire an efficient understanding of the concepts of communalism, secularism and regionalism. Communalism is a concept in terms of which individuals are required to acquire information. They need to understand that in all societies, differences are there in religious groups. In spite of being differences in religious groups, individuals possess negative feelings in terms of other religions, hence, they are giving rise to communalism. Furthermore, India is a secular country. All the citizens of the country have the right to practice the religion of his or her own choice. Regionalism is the feeling or ideology among section of individuals, who are residing in a particular region. Communalism needs to be curbed. Individuals need to understand that all religions are vital and individuals are equal. Secularism needs to be reinforced. Regionalism needs to be fought against. Communalism and regionalism give rise to impediments within the course of progression of individuals, communities and nation as a whole. On the other hand, when individuals will acknowledge the meaning and significance of secularism, they will form positive viewpoints in terms of other religions as well as the individuals. Therefore, it is necessary for the individuals to be well-informed in terms of measures, which would be facilitating in eradicating communalism and regionalism and reinforcing secularism. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, communalism, measures to deal with communalism, secularism, measures to be implemented in reinforcing secularism, regionalism and measures to combat regionalism.

Mediatization of Orthodoxy as a Research Field

The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of the mediatization of Orthodoxy. The mediatization of Orthodoxy is a new and relevant process that requires a revision of methodology and research tools in the humanities, namely in religious studies. Despite the ongoing revision of methodology and change of research focus, the mediatization of Orthodoxy remains a little-studied phenomenon with new trends emerging and the volume of research material is constantly increasing. Whilst more works on the topic are being published, as yet, they have not been systematized and clustered. This study is devoted to filling that gap. The aim of the article is to systematize Russian and foreign studies of the niche of mediatized Orthodoxy, which has formed over the past three decades. The study solves several problems: 1) to identify relevant works and define the current academic thought on theoretical conceptualization of the mediatization of religion; 2) to propose the author’s classification of thematic areas of research on the mediatization of Russian Orthodoxy, substantiate the potential and limitations of such classification; 3) to identify main directions of the interpretation of the process of the mediatization based on the description of the dynamics of the process; 4) specify commonalities and differences in the description of the stages and substantial components of the mediatization of Orthodoxy from the perspective of the existing approaches; 5) to investigate the research field of the mediatization of Orthodoxy using examples of mediatized Orthodox practices. The material used for the study was theoretical and empirical research, by both domestic and foreign authors, devoted to the mediatization of Orthodoxy and were created over the past fifteen years, starting with the appearance of the first work on the topic of digital Orthodoxy in 2009. The research methods included secondary analysis which resulted in the author’s classification of approaches to the interpretation of the mediatization of Orthodoxy; thematic and conceptual analysis, which enabled an attempt to give original theoretical and conceptual understanding of the process of mediatization of Orthodoxy, and to substantiate the identified stages of this process and its components. The author concludes that an independent Orthodox media niche formed fifteen years ago which now sees a quantitative and qualitative increase in the number of publications devoted to the mediatization of Orthodoxy. Research of the phenomenon comprises macro and micro levels: theoretical conceptualization of the process and local mediatization of communicative practices of dioceses, catechists and preachers, respectively. Including research into the study of mediatization of Orthodoxy and the new media, and the study of the mediatization of Orthodox conservatism. The dramatic development of the theory of mediatization of religion demonstrates the inconsistency of the dominant concept of secularization and requires further research.

Flexible States in History: Rethinking Secularism, Violence, and Centralized Power in Modern Egypt

AbstractIn recent decades, secularism has emerged as one of the most studied concepts in sociocultural anthropology, and Egypt a primary site of its analysis. This article considers trends in Egypt’s modern and contemporary history in order to complicate the great explanatory power some anthropological works have granted to secularism. Above all else, it interrogates the manner in which the state’s regulation of religion (which is the defining feature of Asadian conceptions of secularism) has unfolded in recent Egyptian history. First, I survey the different ways scholars have portrayed secularism in Egypt, focusing in particular on the insights and limitations of Asadian theories. A second section employs ethnographic data to uncover how ordinary Egyptians in the provincial capital of Beni Suef have experienced state power, religion, and secularism in their everyday lives. Contextualizing these ethnographic perspectives alongside several prominent instances of state violence between 2011 and 2013, I elucidate how, rather than typifying a secular state, Egyptian politics, above all else, have been driven by an opportunistic realpolitik. My final section brings historical and ethnographic perspectives into sustained conversation to argue that the state regulation anthropologists sometimes frame as secularism is better conceptualized as a form of state centralization. I conclude, in turn, that political developments in modern Egypt have most often been shaped by flexible national and imperial interests.

Postsekularyzm między Wschodem i Zachodem

The aim of the article Postsecularism between East and West is to present the paradigm shift in understanding the place of religion in public space in recent decades. The term that aptly describes this change is postsecularism. The prefix “post” is more than just an indication of a new quality of “secularism.” In fact, it marks a revolutionary change in understanding the traditionally opposing concepts of secularism and religion. The article presents this process in three stages. First, it describes the theological turn that has taken place in recent decades, primarily in Catholic theology, then it points to the place of literature in theological reflection and finally presents the surprising contribution of the mathematical concept (fractal) in overcoming the impasse in which interreligious dialogue found itself.

IN QUEST OF SECULARISM: WEST AND EAST

The world of academics is divided into different groups pertaining to their reflection on the questions of secularism. Some of them considered that secularism is a western concept. It is a product of European history that has been implanted in Indian societies so the secularization of politics has taken place in India where the people are strongly committed to religion. Some other scholars believe secularism is an Indian experience for that matter Hinduism itself a great secular religion. Diversity of faith, diversity of ideas, and spirit of co-existence, accommodation, and tolerance are the essential ingredients of Hinduism. Therefore, secularism as a concept as plasticized in West is so different from the practice of secularism in India. The present paper seeks to explore a comparative analysis to the concept of secularism in west and east.

Головной платок в Турции: символ или политический инструмент?

Headscarves are quite a controversial subject in Turkish society. The article reviews the issue in the context of the confrontation between traditional religious and secular values from the perspective of law enforcement. It notes the substantial impact exerted by the headscarf controversy on the political atmosphere and the higher education system in Turkey. The issue is often debated in the context of the threat to the principle of secularism. The previously widespread practice of excluding women who cover their heads from public sphere, especially universities, has become a serious domestic policy problem in Turkey that has been largely securitised by the judicial authorities. (A securitised issue is any aspect of public life that is portrayed by the state as an existential threat and is perceived as such by the population.) The situation changed significantly following the rise to power of the Justice and Development Party in 2022: against a backdrop of sweeping Islamisation of society, the headscarf issue was re-interpreted and re-semanticised. Chronologically, the article covers the period from the emergence of the Turkish Republic to the “Justice and Development Party era” and includes the latest initiatives launched by the ruling elite in late 2022. The article consistently analyses the concept of secularism in republican Turkey, examines the historical context of the headscarf issue and its transformation into a social problem, and provides a description of specific laws and court rulings on the subject. The article ends with a summary of the authors’ conclusions.

The Agency in Islam or (and) Human Rights? The Case of Pious Baltic Muslim Women

This article focuses on the variety of ways pious Muslim women exercise their agency to navigate between religion, gender, and human rights in the dynamic post-Soviet Baltic societies. It shows that these women primarily find agency not in human rights but in Islam as a religion that provides instruction on aspects of life related to human rights. They are empowered as individuals by Islam as the religion of their deliberate choice, which gives them meaning and guidance in life. They also find agency in their roles as wives and mothers as well as in the sisterhood of the Muslim community, while a career serves more as an area of personal autonomy and self-realization. This research is based on the analysis of qualitative data from semi-structured interviews conducted in 2021–2022. Baltic women’s narratives on human rights (and in the case of this research, specifically regarding gender and sexuality) and the role of Islam in their lives contributes to the redefinition of religious and secular concepts within a post-communist context and contributes to the wider scholarly debate on pious Muslim women living in non-Muslim democratic societies.