Concept Of Responsibility Research Articles

Corporate social responsibility as management idea: Between universal applicability and context dependency

The international spread of the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has ignited a debate whether CSR is universally applicable or context dependent. To shed new light on this question, I propose to treat CSR as a management idea that consists of nested levels of abstraction, namely relatively abstract ‘management rhetorics’, within which more prescriptive ‘management models’ reside, which contain concrete ‘management techniques’. I then analyse the global diffusion of one CSR management technique, a CSR guidance document by UK-based business association Business in the Community (BITC), which suggests that companies could address CSR as four material areas: Workplace, Environment, Marketplace and Community. Following its life-cycle through the innovation, diffusion, institutionalization, dormancy and rebirth stages allows me to identify forms of horizontal diffusion, that is, diffusion among peers within a particular sector or country, and vertical diffusion, that is, between organizations that stand in a hierarchical relationship to each other. At each stage of the life-cycle, the success of the management technique seems to be aided by factors that treat the management technique as universally applicable. In themselves, all of these claims to universal applicability are easily countered by a more critical reading of the argumentation; yet, it is the way in which the nested levels influence each other, that is, the management technique feeding into management models and management rhetorics, that tends to give the notion of universal applicability of CSR its persuasiveness.

Determining the strategic position of car-sharing services in Poland based on the stakeholder analysis method

This article presents the use of the stakeholder analysis method to characterize the strategic position of car-sharing services in Poland. The theoretical part presents a detailed theory of stakeholders, as well as detailed methods and the course of the interest group analysis procedure. It covers the fundamentals of stakeholder theory which refers to the concept of strategic planning, system theory, organization theory, social responsibility and strategic management. The characteristics of stakeholder analysis are presented together with mostly used methodology. The focus is put on most common analysis tools including the matrix of M. Johanson and K. Scholes based on the earlier Mendelow matrix and the map of stakeholders. The legitimacy and benefits of using the discussed method to determine the strategic position of modern and developing services have been presented. The research part presents an example of the use of the stakeholder analysis method in the Polish sector of car sharing services. The car-sharing services company stakeholder analysis of 23 entities provided knowledge on building relationships with employees and their involvement in the company's processes. The analysis made it possible to improve the strategic position of the company and determination of its position in negotiations with other organizations.

Safe and healthy working conditions taking into account the concept of corporate social responsibility

Providing safe and healthy working conditions is the responsibility of every employer, but without additional forms of support, this may not be enough to prevent and stop accidents at work. The employer should continually implement measures to improve safety and continually look after the health and lives of his employees. One such measure may be to implement the concept of corporate social responsibility in the company's strategy, taking into account OSH regulations. It is a programme to raise the awareness and knowledge of workers about hazards and occupational risks associated with their work and how to effectively protect themselves against their effects. The aim of the article is to present the concept of corporate social responsibility in terms of safe and healthy working conditions. At the same time, the article is an attempt to answer the question - based on the results of surveys that are an individual review - what is the level of society's knowledge about CSR and to estimate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and occupational safety and health in the workplaces of students of the Pomeranian University in Słupsk.

Political Discussions on Social Responsibility with Regard to the Danube-Oder-Elbe Canal in the Czech Republic

The article presents the political discussion on the Danube-Oder-Elbe (DOE) international water corridor in the Czech Republic in the period 2010-2021. The issue has become highly politicised among Czech political bodies in the last decade. The article presents the development of political interests in the DOE issue in the Czech Republic regard to the concept of the social responsibility. Due to the fundamentally contradictory changes in the Czech government's policy towards DOE during the period under study, the authors focus on analysing expert documents (e.g., expert strategies, action plans for the Czech Republic, DOE studies, government programme statements) and political decisions in the Czech Republic on the given topic in the last decade. The authors present the results of the research by content analysis of relevant documents, which were examined by cluster analysis on the relationship "costs of solving negative financial externalities" and "DOE ownership". The methodology used is a combination of cluster analysis, PRISMA analysis and descriptive analysis. The research results show that the analysed documents show a high degree of mutual incoherence.

The Concept of De-Radicalization as a Source of Confusion

The theme of the relationship between religious freedom and security has, over the last twenty years, acquired such centrality that hitherto unknown or little-used concepts have entered the public and specialized debates. Prominent among these is regarding the most concrete and important long-term public intervention in the fight against extremism on a religious matrix, i.e., de-radicalization, often simplistically understood as the opposite, or reverse, of a radicalization process. The activity of de-radicalization, therefore, must first be defined in its theoretical sense to grasp its real meaning and objectives; then, it is necessary to identify its content in practice, trying to understand its founding themes and limits. The risk of such a public intervention is interfering with the deepest sphere of the individual, with his or her religiosity and intentions, overstepping the limits derived from the different types of secularism (as Italian laicità or French laïcité) that characterize the State, requiring it to consider individual conscience as impassable territory. On the other hand, ignoring the intimate dimension of the subject can lead to complete ineffectiveness of a de-radicalization activity, which thus risks being reduced to a mere illustration of content. This contribution, starting from these difficulties, intends to outline, from a juridical perspective and specifically from a law and religion perspective, a hypothesis for a public de-radicalization strategy, capable of achieving concrete results but simultaneously respectful of the constitutional principles in which it is necessarily embedded, focused on the concept of responsibility.

Exploring spiritual eco-humanism

This paper is a philosophical discussion about the link between utopianism and responsibility. It argues that our time demands a strong practice of political responsibility in both organizations and society based on what has been called ‘real utopianism’. It takes as a starting point Hans Jonas’ critique of utopianism. Keeping in mind the horrors of the Second World War this Jewish thinker disconnected the principle of responsibility from the idea of utopianism, and connected it to a ‘heuristics of fear’ – we should be careful with ‘wild’ new technologies, but also with new utopian perspectives. In a second step Jonas’ predecessors and utopian thinkers Martin Buber, Ernst Bloch and Ernest Callenbach are revisited. They show that a fully conceptualized idea of utopianism includes at least three dimensions of responsibility: subsistence, justice and spirituality. I then argue that if one digs deeper into the work of Jonas, it seems that the concept of responsibility in fact implies the courage to overcome a heuristics of fear. This paper therefore argues that there is no need to radically disjunct responsibility from utopianism and that the concept of responsibility actually opens a path to ‘real utopianism’. Such a concept of responsibility can best be supported by a confessionally neutral but nonetheless spiritual eco-humanist worldview that develops a new attitude towards nature, in which (eco)asceticism, morality and spirituality become intertwined.

EFFECT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PARTNERSHIP PT. ANTAM Tbk UBPN POMALAA ON HEALTHY HYDROPONIC VEGETABLE BUSINESS

Hydroponics is an agricultural cultivation technique that uses water as a planting medium and with a special installation system that minimizes the use of chemicals in the cultivation process. Hydroponic healthy vegetable business is a hydroponic business located in Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi. Previously, this business operated alone in terms of marketing and cultivation which resulted in not optimal income obtained with existing resources. Existence of PT Antam operating in the Pomalaa area is expected to help hydroponic businesses with the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). PT Antam has as a form of their responsibility towards the surrounding environment where the company is located. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the implementation of CSR partnership PT. Antam Tbk for the Hydroponic Healthy Vegetable business using a quantitative descriptive analysis research method, namely by observing the research location and processing data using the R/C formula. The results of this study indicate that R/C > 1, which means that the demand is greater than the costs incurred, or in other words, every IDR 1 cost incurred can generate revenue of IDR 3.85, so it can be concluded that the Hydroponic Healthy Vegetable business is feasible for developed and generate profits for farmers.

Consumer Perception of Socially Responsible Activities at a Retail Chain

In recent years, the concept of corporate social responsibility has become increasingly well-known to society and individual organizations. Therefore, it is becoming more and more important to raise awareness and perception of this concept, as well as to promote its implementation in practice. Based on a questionnaire survey, data analysis was conducted to find out how consumers perceive various CSR activities of a specific retail chain. The research sample consisted of 129 respondents. The data was statistically processed and tested using confidence interval and chi-square. It was found that 52 % of the respondents understood the concept of CSR. The most familiar activity to the respondents within the CSR concept in a particular chain include the fight against food waste, recycling, and waste recovery, and promotion of a healthy lifestyle. About 65.4 % of the respondents believe that CSR activities mainly benefit the retail chain and another 14 % of the respondents are almost sure that the retail chain is engaged in this concept mainly for profit. However, the performed tests did not reveal any relationship between the perception of CSR activities and the age, education, gender, and salary of the respondents. It was also found that 56.6 % of the respondents did not have sufficient information about CSR. Finally, it can be concluded that this concept is perceived positively by the respondents, they consider it meaningful and are willing to pay more for a product where part of the profit goes to the needy. The research results thus outline directions and areas for possible improvement and continuous monitoring of the perception of this concept.

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ПРОБЛЕМНОСТІ ПРИТЯГНЕННЯ ДО МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВИ ЗА ВЧИНЕННЯ АКТУ АГРЕСІЇ

The article is devoted to issues of international responsibility. It was revealed that the problem of international legal responsibility of subjects of international law is closely related to the fight against international crimes. The main elements of the onset of international responsibility are defined. The existence of guilt as a mandatory feature for establishing responsibility has been clarified. The paper determines the possibility of applying the category of guilt to states. At the same time, aggression is defined in international law as the use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state, or in any other way incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations. This article analyzes international acts that establish a normative definition of aggression and determine certain aspects of responsibility for this crime. At the same time, the work clarifies the genesis of the international legal consolidation of the concept of aggression. The work indicates the signs of an act of aggression, as well as a list of actions that fall under this concept. The subject of this study should also include the analysis of international organizations that are empowered to prosecute for committing an act of aggression. It is argued in the study that the modern mechanism of prosecution for this crime is not effective enough, given the limited jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. The imperfect procedure for imposing a veto by permanent members of the UN Security Council is also defined. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the experience of responsibility for the aggression of states. In view of the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the search for ways to bring the aggressor state to justice is underway. The special importance of the UN Security Council regarding the introduction of military sanctions against the aggressor states has been clarified. The article substantiates the concept of state criminal responsibility for acts of aggression.

Determination and Quantification of Foreign Interest in Sports Using Selected Variables for the Support of Appraising Investments in Sports by Businesses and States

The evaluation of the effectiveness of invested funds requires relevant data. This currently applies to investments in all areas of economic activity, including sports. The article’s aim is to determine the factors applicable to the quantification of interest in sports in selected countries. From the perspective of state funding of sports, foreign interest in sports is a part of the mechanism of allocating resources (situated in the Slovak Republic). For businesses, sponsoring sports organizations is a part of their activities connected to the concept of corporate social responsibility and environmental, social, and governance-related indicators. In both cases, it is important to have the necessary background data so that the entities responsible can correctly evaluate the effectiveness and return on such investments. The Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, and Hungary were selected to determine foreign interest in sports. These variables were selected for data analysis to quantify foreign interest in sports: competitions and tournaments, registered athletes, and keyword searches in Google trends. The variables predetermined the methods of data collection and statistical analysis. The main results lead to more accurate data for decision-making on investments in sports. The most popular sports in the given countries based on the interest quantification were identified.

Implementation of consumer rights, obligations, and business actors' responsibilities in case of non-conforming goods

Today, consumer protection should receive more attention because there are not a few Business Actors who do business in Indonesia, both domestic and foreign Business Actors and are part of Indonesia's economic development. This paper will investigate the responsibility of the Seller in the event of a discrepancy in the delivery of goods to customers, as well as the legal remedies available to consumers. The research method used was normative method or doctrinal legal research. Because consumers' rights and obligations in transactions with business actors are often regulated and have the type of a standard that business actors must give consumers. Business actors are responsible for failing to provide consumer rights. In the Consumer Protection Law, "Liability Based on Fault" is used as the concept of responsibility. If the company actor refuses to take responsibility for his mistake and a consumer dispute emerges, the Protection Law allows parties to resolve problems outside or in court. If parties settle consumer problems outside of court, they sign a deed/agreement of settlement or agreement on the conclusion of a dispute resolution for mediation and conciliation.

Millennials' Social Representations of a Marriage Partner: a Generational Approach

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study devoted to the social representations of Millennials about a marriage partner in comparison with the social representations of Generation X and Baby boomers. Research methods: lexical content analysis of publications (the volume of content is 100 000 printed characters), expert analysis of 327 images, posted in four communities of social network "VKontakte", lexical content analysis of essays (36 respondents aged 23-30 years, 40 000 printed signs), the author's questionnaire of social representations (sample: 525 people, 192 of them – Generation Y, 176 – generation X and 157 – Baby boomers). It is shown that in the social representations of a marriage partner of three generations there are more similarities than differences: the core of the representations of all respondents includes the concepts of responsibility for the well-being of a partner, common goals and plans, the ability to find a way out of difficult situations, as well as the harmonizing function of humor in the family. In Millennials' social representations core there are elements different from other generations: orientation towards the absence of sexual restrictions, as well as the need to resolve conflicts through negotiations. In Millennials' social representations there have been found contradictions concerning attitudes to conflicts, serial monogamy and partner independence. Millennials who devote more than two hours a day to social networks are more likely to agree with popular quotes from the studied communities "VKontakte" about "true" masculinity and femininity.

‘Mind-forg’d Manacles’: Virtual Experience and Innocent Publication

In Fairfax Media Publications Pty Ltd v Voller (‘Voller’) the Australian High Court held that media companies maintaining Facebook comment pages could be liable for the defamatory posts of commenters on those sites. The decision focussed entirely on whether, by maintaining the Facebook page, the companies had ‘published’ the statements of commenters. Hearings on other aspects of the tort litigation continue. This paper considers the implications of the tort of defamation on public participation on political will formation where, as is increasingly the case, the participation occurs virtually. Australian law has already tackled the law of defamation as a threat to freedom of political communication; Voller continues the jurisprudence by considering whether hosting an online forum for debate amounts to publication. The more recent High Court judgment in Google LLC v Defteros demonstrated the necessity of the law to align the ‘acts’ necessary to found legal action with the new environment of automated search engines. The troubled intersection of dematerialised practices of political and cultural discourse and jurisdictionally bound laws of defamation challenges participatory governance as tribes form and dissolve and shift between geographical interests.Defamation in Australia is a tort of strict liability; and, absenting applicable defences, any participation in communication is sufficient to make that participant a publisher and a party to the defamation. The online environment stretches words across geographical and jurisdictional boundaries, but it also stretches and contorts concepts of fault and responsibility. Participatory digital cultural practices integrating users in the creation of cultural heritage simultaneously draw participants into transgressions, both cultural and legal, which are amplified by the medium. Questions of collective guilt, ‘shades’ of moral responsibility and disproportionality between blameworthiness and legal liability challenge laws formulated for the printing press but now deployed in the online environment. In this way the digitized participatory environment presents deep challenges to law and legal systems, which are chained to geography. This paper considers the concept of innocent publication in the context of the digitized participatory environment and the way in which the virtual experience is dissolving concepts of geographically defined jurisdictions.

Comparative Analysis of Sustainability of Driyarkara College of Philosophy and Widya Sasana College of Philosophy According To ISO 26000 Perspective

Philosophy can help giving an ethical foundation for promoting sustainability of nature and respect for humanity in management and business practices. In this case, schools of philosophy need to take a role in promoting philosophy related to the theme of sustainability. This research aims to analyze the sustainability of schools of philosophy by taking Sekolah Tinggi Filosofi Driyarkara and Sekolah Tinggi Filosofi Widya Sasana as objects. The research is conducted according to the perspective of ISO 26000 and using in-depth interview as the method for collecting data from 62 respondents. The variables of research are the strategies of sustaining inclusivity, competitive advantage (Sustainable Value Proposition), integration of SDGs and the concept of social responsibility within curriculum, governance according to ISO 26000, and the relation between curriculum and SDGs no. 4, 5, and 16. Findings show that both institutions still need to adjust their curricula and governances according to ISO 26000.

Comparative Analysis of Sustainability of Driyarkara College of Philosophy and Widya Sasana College of Philosophy According To ISO 26000 Perspective

Philosophy can help giving an ethical foundation for promoting sustainability of nature and respect for humanity in management and business practices. In this case, schools of philosophy need to take a role in promoting philosophy related to the theme of sustainability. This research aims to analyze the sustainability of schools of philosophy by taking Sekolah Tinggi Filosofi Driyarkara and Sekolah Tinggi Filosofi Widya Sasana as objects. The research is conducted according to the perspective of ISO 26000 and using in-depth interview as the method for collecting data from 62 respondents. The variables of research are the strategies of sustaining inclusivity, competitive advantage (Sustainable Value Proposition), integration of SDGs and the concept of social responsibility within curriculum, governance according to ISO 26000, and the relation between curriculum and SDGs no. 4, 5, and 16. Findings show that both institutions still need to adjust their curricula and governances according to ISO 26000.

Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Firm’s Operational, Financial and Market Performance: A Study of Content Analysis of Firms Listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange

Developing economies like Pakistan, still struggling to promote the emerging concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), so this research aims to investigate the impact of CSR Disclosure (CSRD) on a Firm’s Performance (FP). This study is based on conceptual aspects of CSRD and is different because FP is measured with three different types of proxies, i.e. operational, financial and market performance. The empirical results of this research show the positive and significant impact of CSRD on a firm’s operational and financial performance but insignificant in the case of market performance. It is further concluded that firms disclosing CSR have better operational and financial performance. This study is a pioneer to uplift the importance of CSRD in Pakistan and therefore an addition to existing literature, this paper also provides different new ways to assess the link between CSRD and FP.

Responsible innovation in stem cell research: using responsibility as a strategy.

Responsible innovation has been introduced as an important condition for advancing the field of regenerative medicine. This is reflected in the frequent references to responsible research conduct and responsible innovation in guidelines and recommendations in academic literature. The meaning of responsibility, how responsibility could be fostered and the context in which responsibilities should be enacted, however, remain unclear. The goal of this paper is to clarify the concept of responsibility in stem cell research and to illustrate how this concept could inform strategies to deal effectively with the ethical implications of stem cell research. Responsibility can be dissected into four categories: responsibility-as-accountability, responsibility-as-liability, responsibility-as-an-obligation and responsibility-as-a-virtue. The authors focus on responsible research conduct and responsible innovation in general to move beyond the scope of research integrity and illustrate that different notions of responsibility have different implications for how stem cell research is organized.

Should responsibility be used as a tiebreaker in allocation of deceased donor organs for patients suffering from alcohol-related end-stage liver disease?

There is a long-standing debate concerning the eligibility of patients suffering from alcohol-related end-stage liver disease (ARESLD) for deceased donor liver transplantation. The question of retrospective and/or prospective responsibility has been at the center of the ethical discussion. Several authors argue that these patients should at least be regarded as partly responsible for their ARESLD. At the same time, the arguments for retrospective and/or prospective responsibility have been strongly criticized, such that no consensus has been reached. A third option was proposed as a form of compromise, namely that responsibility should only be used as a tiebreaker in liver allocation. The present study provides an ethical investigation of this third option. First, we will provide an overview of the main arguments that have been offered for and against the use of responsibility as an allocation criterion. Second, we will explore the concept of responsibility as a tiebreaker in detail and discuss several types of situations, in which responsibility could be used as a tiebreaker, as well as the main ethical challenges associated with them. As we will show, an ethical justified use of responsibility as a tiebreaker is limited to a very restricted number of cases and is associated with a number of ethical concerns. For this reason, waiting time should be preferred as a tiebreaker in liver allocation, even though the criterion of waiting time, too, raises a number of equity-related concerns.

When Should the Master Answer? Respondeat Superior and the Criminal Law

Respondeat superior is a legal doctrine conferring liability from one party onto another because the latter stands in some relationship of authority over the former. Though originally a doctrine of tort law, for the past century it has been used within the criminal law, especially to the end of securing criminal liability for corporations. Here, I argue that on at least one prominent conception of criminal responsibility, we are not justified in using this doctrine in this way. Firms are not answerable for the crimes committed by their employees, because firms cannot answer as to why the crime was committed; they lack the authority to offer the employee’s reasons for action. Though this rules out respondeat superior as a general principle, I show contexts in which vicarious liability is still appropriate in the criminal law, and I respond to a number of other concerns raised by this picture.

Methodology for assessment of inclusive social responsibility of the energy industry enterprises

Enterprises of the energy industry, trying to keep up with the rapid development of scientific and technical progress, often do not study and predict the potential negative consequences of their innovative activities for society and the environment in hyperdynamic conditions. However, economic growth in this way can be accompanied by increased income inequality and population poverty, deterioration of environmental conditions, the disproportionality of territorial development, etc., which requires increased social responsibility. The concept of inclusive social responsibility of energy industry enterprises can be at the forefront of solving this problem, which is designed to ensure the maximum inclusion and interaction of all members of society of all strata of the population in economic activity to increase the level of employment, social responsibility, social and territorial unity. The authors proposed a methodology for assessing the state of inclusive social responsibility of energy industry enterprises, which considers the industry specifics of fuel and energy enterprises. The offered method of assessment of inclusive social responsibility, unlike the existing ones, includes in its focus the following components: social (taking into account vulnerable categories of the population), socially responsible attitude (definition of the main values, law-abiding enterprise, thrifty attitude to ecology, etc.) and economic, emphasizing the importance of the company's profit-making to ensure its sustainable and inclusive development; each of the proposed indicators has a universal character, helps the energy company to examine its internal business processes and find bottlenecks in its operations, and using them as an aggregated system has a synergistic effect. Because all indicators of the presented system are characterized by percentages or certain levels and are evaluated in points, a competitive evaluation can be carried out among enterprises that have different sizes and different scopes of activity, also without reference to their location. The methodology is based on the calculation of the integral indicator, the synergistic effect and the relationship of 20 indicators of the aggregated system, including the methodology of expert assessments, mathematical modelling, in particular, transported matrices. The proposed methodology was tested on a sample of innovatively active enterprises in Ukraine's fuel and energy complex; the volume of activities for 2020 amounted to 250 million euros or more and confirmed its effectiveness.