Concept Of Public-private Partnership Research Articles

Application of the Public-Private Partnership Concept in Airport Development in Bintan Regency to Enhance the Coastal Economy

The efforts of various regions to introduce the identity and beauty of their areas are often hindered by inadequate infrastructure and poor management by local governments. Additionally, funding, which is critical for development, poses a significant challenge. As a solution, Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) offer an alternative approach to budgeting and financing that extends beyond the use of regional (APBD) and national (APBN) budgets. In Bintan Regency, various infrastructure developments aimed at supporting the tourism sector have been undertaken. Notably, PT. Angkasa Pura II, in collaboration with PT. Bintan Aviation Investments, is committed to constructing an international airport designed with Airport Resort Facilities, named Bintan New Airport or Busung Airport, to bolster the economy of Bintan Regency. However, the study reveals that the development, which is anticipated to become a cornerstone of economic strength in Bintan Regency, faces significant challenges from the Airport Business Entity (BUBU). This has resulted in delays and complications in the continuation of the airport construction project between PT. Angkasa Pura II and PT. Bintan Aviation Investments. Despite these obstacles, the partnership remains focused on achieving its goal of enhancing the regional economy through improved infrastructure and tourism facilities. he collaboration between PT. Angkasa Pura II and PT. Bintan Aviation Investments represents a strategic move to leverage private sector efficiency and innovation in public infrastructure projects. Nonetheless, the ongoing challenges with the Airport Business Entity highlight the complexities involved in such partnerships, necessitating careful management and oversight to ensure project continuity and success.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗМІСТОВНОЇ ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА

It has been established that there is still no generally accepted and established definition of public-private partnership in both foreign and domestic literature. In some definitions, the conditional uncertainty of the essence of this concept is deliberately embedded. Thus, the European Investment Bank (EIB) defines a public-private partnership as an agreement between an institution representing public authorities and a private partner, intended for the implementation of public infrastructure projects and public services within the framework of a long-term contract. Since this resolution does not record the nature of such agreements, does not indicate the principles of the relationship between the private and public sectors, then the EIB documents focus, first of all, on the fact that the private sector can receive financial benefits in two ways: payments are made by a state body to a private partner based on the diagnosis of the results of service provision (for example, road availability); the private partner is granted the right to receive revenue from the provision of the service (for example, to introduce and collect tolls for the use of roads). The definitions of the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are similar and emphasize that a public-private partnership is a long-term contract between the public and private sectors in which significant responsibility rests with the private sector in the field of management, as well as the private sector assumes most of the risks in the implementation of this project. The OECD also emphasizes in its definition the fact that the transfer of risk to a private partner largely depends on the effectiveness of such a project, and that the state's goals are aligned with the private sector's profit-maximizing goals. These definitions are quite cumbersome and detailed, but even they have not become universal and able to cover various options and forms of implementation of public-private partnership. The generalization of the existing approaches to the definition of public-private partnership was further developed, with the selection of three main interpretations: broad (implies the inclusion in the content of the concept of public-private partnership, various options for the interaction of the state and the private sector, aimed at solving any tasks in any spheres of social life); narrow interpretation (presupposes that within the framework of a public-private partnership, the state and business are united to implement a specific investment project regarding those objects that belong to the sphere of public interest and control, for example, related to the production and offer of any public good); contractual (related to the dual nature of the concept of public-private partnership, which involves not only its socio-economic essence, but also its legal one. With this interpretation, the public-private partnership is considered as a specific contract, the subject of which is various works on the construction and use of within the framework of this approach, the concept of public-private partnership is filled with various features and essential conditions of this specific contract, and the subject composition of the participants of contractual relations is also determined). Keywords: relations between private and public sectors, public partner, public-private partnership, private partner, project.

Social Sciences (Miscellaneous) Public-Private Partnership in The Field of Public Control

This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and development of the institution of public-private partnership in the field of public control. The work analyzes the system of legal guarantees that ensure the implementation, protection and protection in the Russian Federation of the system of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the rights and legitimate interests of public associations and other non-governmental non-profit organizations. The role and place of the institution of public control in the system of these legal guarantees has been studied. The main problems that impede the preservation and development of this institution of civil society in Russia are formalized and explored. It is substantiated that the key of these problems is the lack of certainty in the functioning of the institution of public-private partnership in the sphere of public control in the Russian Federation. The work develops and substantiates the author's definition of the concept of public-private partnership in general, as well as its most important variety in the field of public control. The authors formalized and analyzed the main problems associated with the functioning of public-private partnerships in the field of public control, in particular, the lack of: formalization of this institution of civil society in the Russian Constitution; consolidating the concept and content of the institution of public-private partnership in the legislation on public control; a unified approach in the legal framework and scientific legal doctrine to understanding the essence and limits of public-private partnership in the field of public control; a systematic approach in Russia to the analysis, adaptation and use of positive foreign experience in this area of functioning of civil society; proper use of modern digital technologies in this area of interaction between subjects of public control and individuals and legal entities. The work has developed and justified a system of measures to resolve these problems, in particular, by: incorporating the institution of public control into the Basic Law of the Russian Federation, and the institution of public-private partnership into the legislation on public control (with details in it of the concept, essence and limits of implementation the specified institution of public-private partnership in the specified area, taking into account foreign experience and modern digital technologies.); instructions to the Government of Russia, with the support of the Public Chamber of Russia, of the processes of analysis, adaptation and implementation into legislation and the scientific legal doctrine of the institution.

Developing Sukuk for Research and Innovation Project

The growth of creative economics in Indonesia, especially in research and innovation development, has a potential appointment for improving the growth of Indonesia's economy. Most developing countries including Indonesia have a fundamental problem, namely the lack of availability of state funds and investment for infrastructure development. One form of implementation of limiting the lack of development funds of a country is to use the concept of PPP (Public-Private Partnership). Basically, the concept of PPP is not much different from the concept of sukuk in the Islamic capital market. This research tries to know how the concept of mudaraba sukuk and istisna sukuk can urge the growth of research and development sector. As we know sukuk development has grown rapidly in the world, that becomes sukuk as capital base for financing the project. Therefore, for improving this research and development sector, the writer innovates and creates skim of capital for improving research and development sector in Indonesia.

ПУБЛІЧНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО АПК В КОНТЕКСТІ СИСТЕМНОГО ПІДХОДУ

The article examines the theoretical principles of public management of agro-industrial complex innovative development according to systemic approach. The purpose of the work is to develop the conceptual principles of using a systemic approach in the implementation of measures of public management of the innovative development of the agricultural sector. To achieve the goal, general scientific methods of knowledge and processes have been used: methods of induction and deduction - to clarify the interrelationship of the processes of public management of the agricultural sector innovative development; methods of system analysis and generalization - for systematization of existing scientific approaches, used theoretical sources and scientific literature; structuring method - to single out individual factors influencing the innovative development of the regional agricultural sector; method of system analysis, method of abstraction and formalization - for the development of conceptual foundations of the public administration system; graphic method - for displaying the theoretical and methodological material of the research. The prospects and possibilities of innovative development of agro-industrial complex enterprises have been determined. The importance of improving the mechanisms of public management in the direction of innovative development of agro-industrial complex has been substantiated. The main directions of public management of the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex have been considered. The conceptual provisions of the public management system of the agro-industrial complex innovative development have been formed. The generalized model of public management of the agricultural sector of the region based on the hierarchical interaction of key components has been proposed. The essence, purpose and strategic aspect of the development of the system of public management of the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex have been defined. The characteristics of the system of public management of the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex have been offered. It has been substantiated the expediency of introducing the concept of public-private partnership into the process of public management of the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex, which involves covering not only research organizations and producers, but also all participants in the production and sales chains of the agrarian sector.

A Model for Management and Funding of World Heritage Parklands Chosen on Cultural and Biodiversity Criteria

Australia has recently completed their term as member of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, securing the seat from 2017 to 2021. Australia has 20 sites inscribed on the World Heritage List. Australia has more natural World Heritage sites than any other country. During the 2017 – 2021 term, Australia worked to strengthen the operation of the Committee, placing emphasis on the effective management of existing properties, and encouraging greater geographic balance in the list and more focus on listing natural places of Outstanding Universal Value. However, funding is always a problem, particularly where historic populations of Indigenous and non-Indigenous exist. What is proposed to cope with such problems, is a new model using the concept of public private partnerships. Corporations wishing to reduce their footprints could purchase from the governments carbon and diversity credits, which are directly tied to the maintenance of highly forested areas, which are often subject to almost complete devastation from fires and floods.

Evolution of the concept of public-private partnership in the 1980-2020

The evolution of changes in the concept of public-private partnership is very relevant in today's world. The growth of global problems, such as financial crises, climate change, social imbalances and economic transformations, creates a need for new strategies and concepts of cooperation between different sectors of society. Public-private partnerships are a key mechanism to address these challenges, as they provide mechanisms for cooperation between public and private actors to achieve common goals. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the evolutionary changes of the concept of public-private partnership. Using bibliographic analysis and visualization of data from the Web of Science based on VOSviewer, ten research clusters were identified and analyzed, which reflect various topics and their interrelationships, contributing to the systematization of changes in the concept of public-private partnerships. Phases of the evolutionary transformation of the public-private partnership concept: Public-Private Partnership 1.0. Traditional Public-Private Partnership; Public-Private Partnership 2.0. People-first Public-Private Partnership; Public-Private Partnership 3.0. Climate-smart Public-Private Partnership; Public-Private Partnership 4.0. Sustainable public-private partnership for post-war reconstruction. It was determined that in the use of public-private partnership in industry, a change in the role of this sphere is observed. In the «Traditional Public-Private Partnership» industry has a key role in infrastructure construction, providing materials and advanced technologies for infrastructure projects; «People-first Public-Private Partnership» - ensuring quality medical care and improving the health care system; «Climate-smart public-private partnership» - reducing the impact of climate change on production through investments in environmentally friendly technologies and ensuring sustainability of food supplies; «Sustainable public-private partnership for post-war reconstruction» - post-war reconstruction, providing the necessary materials and resources for the construction and reconstruction of infrastructure. Also, during the COVID-19 pandemic, industry, particularly pharmaceuticals, is working with government and other sectors to develop new treatments and vaccines. These joint efforts help overcome crises and improve living conditions in affected areas. It was revealed that the concept of public-private partnership is insufficiently developed in Ukraine. «Traditional public-private partnership», despite 20 years of implementation, did not receive active implementation of infrastructure projects. «People-first Public-Private Partnership» is just beginning its development. It is noted that the «Sustainable public-private partnership for post-war reconstruction» is updated for post-war conditions, as it contributes to attracting international resources for economic and social recovery, but requires a systematic approach and adaptation to the specifics of the Ukrainian situation. The implementation of PPP in Ukraine requires systematic recommendations and consideration of international experience for effective use in the restoration and reconstruction of infrastructure and strategic objects.

Governance Strategies in Underwater Inspection State-Owned Enterprises: A Study on the Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)

This article aims to analyze the need to conduct underwater inspection at a State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) using the application of the Public Private Partnership (PPP) concept. However, until now, the SOE still uses the services of a third party to fulfill this need. The use of third-party services impacts the high allocation of the SOE's operational budget for underwater inspection costs. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, literature studies, and field observations from January to August 2023. This study's results show that applying the four dimensions of PPP - identify key stakeholders, identify stakeholder needs, address stakeholder needs, and evaluate performance - is appropriate for the governance of underwater inspection implementation. The recommendation for the next governance strategy is to implement acquisition as a follow-up to the PPP concept.

Application of Airport Concessions to The Status of Airport Business Entities Owned by State-Owned Enterprises

Defining concessions will always be related to the concept of Public Private Partnership (PPP) and privatization of the public sector. Broadly speaking, PPP is a long-term engagement between the Government and/or public bodies and business entities, while privatization means the transfer of something under the control of the public sector to the private sector followed by commercialization. These things are in line with the concept of Concession, which is basically the transfer of management of a service/product which is basically the responsibility of the government to the private sector with a return from the government budget or revenue obtained directly from the end user (consumer) of the project and/or service. Based on Article 235 of Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation, airport services carried out by airport business entities are carried out based on concessions and / or other forms in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations provided by the Minister and stated in the agreement. Currently in Indonesia one of the largest airport management business entities in Indonesia is PT Angkasa Pura I which was previously entirely owned by the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia, but is now controlled by PT Aviasi Pariwisata Indonesia (Persero) which is a State-Owned Enterprise. This creates a complexity in connection with the imposition of concessions, considering that based on its capital structure, PT Angkasa Pura I contains separated state wealth.

Review of the Relationship Management Strategies for Building Flood Disaster Resilience through Public–Private Partnership

Relationship management is critical in public–private partnership (PPP), especially when the PPP concept is adopted to build community flood disaster resilience. In this regard, this study aims to conduct a systematic review to explore the relationship management strategies for using public–private partnership to build community flood disaster resilience. A systematic literature review was conducted to retrieve relevant publications related to the subject area. Through a thorough three-stage search using Scopus, a total of twenty-nine relevant journal articles were selected for analysis. From the review, a total of twenty-eight individual relationship management strategies for building community flood disaster resilience using PPP were derived. These strategies were put into six categories based on their individual meaning and relation to other factors; these include effective communication, legal and coordination, knowledge co-production, monitoring and evaluation, social initiatives, and consistent funding. Further, a conceptual framework was developed using a meta-governance approach, in which a four-step process is proposed to make the derived relationship management strategies actionable. The outputs of this study will be impactful for future empirical investigations on the use of PPP in building flood resilience.

ANALISIS TRANSPORTASI KAWASAN NIAGA PANGLIMA BATUR KOTA SAMARINDA

The Panglima Batur Commercial Area is a shopping area which is the center of commercial activity in Samarinda City. Around Jalan Panglima Batur there are several shopping centers such as Pasar Pagi, Mesra Indah Mall, shops along Jalan Panglima Batur and the Citra Niaga Commercial Area which is a "Landmark" of Samarinda City. The obstacle faced in the area is congestion on roads, especially Jalan Panglima Batur from morning to evening. The influence of on street parking is a problem in the area. Based on the results of an analysis of the congestion conditions on the Panglima Batur road, Samarinda City, to the traffic load in the trading area around Citra Niaga and Pasar Pagi with on street parking, there was a decrease in road capacity of 53.02%, a decrease in speed of 37.96 % and a decrease in road service level (LOS) from LOS C (Q/C = 0.49) to LOS E (Q/C = 0.92). The solution to the problem is eliminating on-street parking and managing parking with the concept of parking pockets such as creating multilevel parking in the Mesra Indah Mall parking area with the concept of Public Private Partnership (KPS).

Problems of legal regulation of public-private partnerships in Russian legal research before and after the adoption of Federal Law on Public-Private Partnership. Part one

This article analyzes the current state of Russian legal research on the regulation of public private partnership (PPP). Most of them are related to the regulation of the concept of PPP, its forms, the legal nature of the PPP agreement, the subject and object composition of PPP, the resolution of disputes arising from PPP, in order to systematize of existing scientific approaches to these regulation problems, determining the degree of this knowledge, assessing the dynamics of such research. Systematization of the main scientific conclusions and argumentation of more than 110 legal publications is carried out in the refraction of the Federal Law on PPP, which become a “watershed”, a factor that set the directions of scientific and legal discourse in the field of PPP increased the dominance of some right-wing positions on PPP and the weakening of others. The Federal Law on PPP provoked intensive dynamics and the overall volume of legal research on PPP in general. A comparison of the approaches in the legal publications reveals a preponderance of very significant intra-doctrinal divergences over the few consolidated positions on PPP legal issues even after the adoption of the Federal PPP Act. In particular, there is still a lack of consensus on the key legal definitions — PPP and its forms, as well as the PPP agreement as a contractual construct and its legal nature. The authors note that the existing degree of fragmentation of positions prevents the creation of a solid theoretical basis for understanding the problems of legal regulation of PPPs, significantly tangles the scientific search for options and methods of their solution. In the article proposes promising ideas for future legal research of PPP. The potential for interdisciplinary research is particularly important for the development of existing and obtaining new scientific knowledge about PPP.

Analisis Praktik PPP Dalam Pengelolaan Program Internet Ponorogo Masuk RT (INPOMASE)

The Ponorogo RT Internet Program (INPOMASE) is a free internet program for every RT in Ponorogo Regency. So that the District Government cooperates with the private sector through the concept of Public Private Partnership (PPP, namely with PT Lentera Digital Nusantara. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe Public Private Partnership in the management of the Ponorogo Internet Program Entering RT. In the implementation of the Public Private Partnership there are 9 stages implementation of the agreement, namely project selection, public consultation, feasibility study, risk review, forms of cooperation, government support, procurement, implementation, and supervision. The method used in this study is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data analysis techniques use interactive models according to Milles and Hubberman which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and verification.The results show that when viewed from the procedures established by the Coordinating Ministry for the Economy regarding the stages of the Public Private Partnership being carried out The relationship between the Ponorogo Regency Government and PT Lentera Digital Nusantara did not meet the stipulated provisions, because there were stages in the form of cooperation and procurement that were not implemented. The existence of this collaboration is the initiation of the Regent of Ponorogo as the regional leader who appointed PT Lentera Digital Nusantara as the provider of the internet network in Ponorogo.

The Concept of Public-Private Partnership in Poland

The paper concentrates on the concept of public-private partnership in Poland. In particular, the issues concerning the legal basis and the principles of implementing PPP projects were raised. Moreover, the paper explores the procedures of the private partners’ selection and important provisions of the PPP contracts. The institutional environment, such as PPP policy and the role of the PPP Central Unit were also discussed. At the conclusion, the analysis of PPP market in Poland is provided.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE FIELD OF THE “GREEN” ECONOMY OF THE MEGAPOLIS

The purpose of the research is to analyze the concept of public-private partnership and the practice of its implementation in the field of «green» economy to achieve sustainable development of the city.Methodology – the study is based on scientific papers on the topic of public-private partnership, collected from the international databases Scopus, Web of Science for the period from 2008 to 2021. The main research methods include historical and logical methods, observation, analysis and synthesis.Originality / value – the authors present the most common models of public-private partnership in different countries of the world, describe the development of the concept of public-private partnership in Kazakhstan, including the field of "green" economy.Findings. The results of the study demonstrate the growing role of the private sector in the implementation of public-private partnerships to achieve the city's sustainable development goals. The mechanism of publicprivate partnership makes it possible to improve the quality and efficiency of services traditionally provided by the state, while reducing the financial burden on the state budget. The most successful models are publicprivate partnerships in the implementation of urban infrastructure projects based on «green» technologies and «green» financing. However, the number of «green» public-private partnership projects is significantly less than in other sectors of the economy. Currently, conditions have been formed in Kazakhstan for the implementation of the concept of public private partnership, however, in the field of green economy, this concept is not yet fully implemented. The main reason is the low profitability of projects, in this regard, it is necessary to provide in the legislation incentive measures for the development of public-private partnership by simplifying the procedures for concluding contracts, providing tax benefits, subsidies and revising the rates of fees for the provision of services.

Public private partnership in tourism sector: An exploratory study of Assam tourism industry

Public Private Partnership concept of infrastructural development and management of resources has been a huge success across sectors. It is effective and efficient in a lot of areas of operations. Both the government as well as private stakeholders working in joint ventures are in a win-win situation in the PPP model of operation. Tourism sector is no different when it comes to public private partnership. Tourism is not confined to a single sector, rather embraces other sectors like accommodation, transportation, communication, entertainment, events, technology, destination etc. It is one of the sectors where huge investment is required and government alone cannot fill the void. The main aim of the present research paper is to examine the role of public private partnership model in Assam tourism industry. The present study is exploratory and descriptive in nature and based on secondary data. The secondary data has been collected from various journals, websites, newspapers and articles, publications of Ministry of Tourism, UNWTO, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and Asian Development Bank (ADB), Niti Ayog, Department of Economic Affairs, PPP Cell and Ministry of Finance.

On the issue of increasing the efficiency of the basketball and handball federations in Russia

Relevance. Since sport is one of the sectors of the economy and a specific business area, an alternative version of the model for managing and organizing sports games competitions is proposed, presumably increasing their economic efficiency.The purpose of the study is to develop a model of mixed partnership (public and private), which will help adapt the activities of sports organizations to the market laws of competition and improve their financial and economic performance.Methods and organization of the study. The basic methodological aspects of the formation of the National Professional Handball League in Belarus suggest three variants of its economic model. One of the options is based on the concept of public-private partnership. Since in the Russian Federation sport is financed mainly by the state, this model seems to us the most preferable.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ИНДУСТРИИ ГОСТЕПРИИМСТВА НА ОСНОВЕ ИС- ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЁРСТВА

The article discusses modern approaches to the implementation of the mechanisms of the concept of public-private partnership in the hotel business, analyzes the degree of influence of public-private partnership on the competitiveness of the hotel business, considers the experience of using public-private partnership in the hospitality industry and assesses the development prospects in the Russian market. It is concluded that projects under the auspices of public-private partnerships are mutually beneficial solutions for government and business, can guarantee state support for business in times of crisis, contribute to the regulation of tourism development with the mutual interest of the partnership parties for the stable development of the country's economy.

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE CITY OF SURABAYA

This study discusses the implementation of public-private partnerships in Surabaya in the development of transportation infrastructure. The Surabaya city government has been exploring the construction of mass transportation in the form of trams since 2010 but until now the construction of the tram has not started. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative where data collection uses literature study and analyzed using the concept of public private partnership. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of public-private partnerships in local governments is less successful. This is because the resources owned are still very limited so that many developments are stopped in the middle of the road. In addition, the implementation of public-private partnerships in developing countries is still using the traditional system. From the outside it uses the new public management but from the inside it still uses the traditional system.

EXPLORING THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR LOCAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

The concept of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) has been accepted as one viable alternative to promote infrastructure development. Yet, recently some government institutions have applied PPPs for developing local tourism sites for their region. The situation is going to be more complex when the PPPs deal with some non-physical attributes and generate several shortcomings. Therefore the need for a specific model to cover PPPs as the concept and tourism development as its substance becomes essential. This research attempts to explore the model by using a specific review of the recent kinds of literature and theories. It is conducted by contextual approaches intended to adjust to Indonesian tourism development. The result of this research has described the specific model which is constructed from a series of literature discussions from previous studies. It has been designed to minimize the weakness and vulnerable points of PPPs for tourism development.