Psychological Concepts Research Articles

From challenges to opportunities: navigating the human response to automated agents in the workplace

Workers are increasingly embracing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to optimise various aspects of their operations in the workplace. While AI offers new opportunities, it also presents unintended challenges that they must carefully navigate. This paper aims to develop a deeper understanding of workers’ experiences with interactions with automated agents (AA) in the workplace and provide actionable recommendations for organisational leaders to achieve positive outcomes. We propose and test a simulation model that quantifies and predicts workers’ experiences with AA, shedding light on the interplay of diverse variables, such as workload, effort and trust. Our findings suggest that lower-efficiency AA might outperform higher-efficiency ones due to the constraining influence of trust on adoption rates. Additionally, we find that lower initial trust in AA could lead to increased usage in certain scenarios and that stronger emotional and social responses to the use of AA may foster greater trust but result in decreased AA utilisation. This interdisciplinary research blends a systems dynamics approach with management theories and psychological concepts, aiming to bridge existing gaps and foster the sustainable and effective implementation of AA in the workplace. Ultimately, our research endeavour contributes to advancing the field of human-AI interaction in the workplace.

2022 초등학교 도덕과 교육과정에서 영역 명 ‘초월’ 삭제와 해당 ‘내용 요소’ 이동에 따라 고려되어야 할 배경 학문의 주요 개념에 대한 고찰

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand and examine the representative concepts of background disciplines that need to be considered following the deletion of the domain name ‘Transcendence’ and the re-location of relevant ‘content elements’ in the elementary school moral education curriculum. Methods To this end, this study explored the educational implications following the deletion of the ‘Transcendence’ domain and the relocation of relevant ‘content elements’. It aimed to understand the concept of metacognition, based on psychology, and scientific reflection. Additionally, it investigated the qualitative perspective that should be integrated with scientific reflection from experiential theory and examined a new dimension of artistic approaches. Furthermore, the study sought to identify the concept of metaphysical transcendence in philosophy, a core background discipline of moral education. Results In the process of deleting the ‘Transcendence’ domain and relocating the relevant ‘content elements’, the concepts of metacognition and scientific reflection, which are key concepts in psychology and experiential theory, were emphasized. This allowed for an understanding of self-knowledge and regulation, as well as scientific think-ing processes. Additionally, by synthesizing qualitative thinking with the concept of scientific reflection from ex-periential theory, it was possible to explore the artistic level of experience emphasized by Dewey. Particularly, as a core background discipline of moral education, the philosophical meaning of transcendence was examined through Plato’s theory of Ideas and allegories, Kant’s transcendental philosophy of practical reason and autonomy, and Hegel’s dialectical movement in speculative philosophy. Conclusions In the elementary school moral education curriculum, there are key concepts from background dis-ciplines that need to be considered following the deletion of the domain name ‘Transcendence’ and the relocation of relevant ‘content elements’. Future research on this matter should consider discussing the significance of these underexplored major concepts to ensure a more comprehensive understanding.

The introduction of the concept of anxiety into China: a thematic historical study

IntroductionThis article presents a thematic historical study on the introduction of “anxiety” to modern China. Based on seminal research conducted previously by European scholars on histories of psychological and psychiatric concepts, this article reviews the itinerary of “anxiety” to China by using multiple types of textual evidence. Alongside a detailed description of how “anxiety” was translated and introduced, a comparison between the notions of “anxiety” in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western psychoanalytic approaches was made. The processes of how “depression” and “anxiety” were introduced to China were also compared.Materials and methodsThree types of textual evidence were meticulously analyzed. First, lexicographical works published since the 19th century were examined to trace the initial introduction and observe the standardized translation of “anxiety” in Chinese. Second, newspaper and periodical articles were analyzed to understand how knowledge of “anxiety” was communicated to the general public. Third, the evolution of psychological and psychiatric terminologies was observed through medical books.ResultsIt was found that “anxiety” was initially translated into various Chinese terms, with “jiaolyu” eventually emerging as the standardized term after 1949. The textual evidence showed that “anxiety” began to be acknowledged as a disease concept in the early 20th century, though it was not formally recognized as a diagnostic category until the late 20th century. This article also highlights the differences between the Western psychoanalytic view on anxiety and the Chinese folk conception of it.Discussion and conclusionsIt was observed that the introduction processes of depression and anxiety to China were similar, though their conceptual histories in the West showed much difference. The fading of neurasthenia marked a new era of psychiatric development in China, characterized by an enhanced specificity in the classification of mental disorders, which was never observed in the discourse about “xin feng,” a corresponding TCM notion of “anxiety.” The article also underscores the need for further exploration of corresponding TCM concepts of “anxiety” and the assimilation of Western psychiatric concepts in China.

Cognitive dual-task does not annihilate the negative effects of gender stereotype threat on girls' motor learning

Stereotype threat, a key concept in social psychology, occurs when individuals fear they may confirm negative stereotypes about their social group (Steele, 1997). This phenomenon can significantly impair motor learning, particularly in children. Given the robust nature of stereotype threat, research it is now focused on mitigating these negative effects. According to the explicit monitoring hypothesis, it is suggested that distracting individual’s attention can lead to an annihilation of stereotype threat effects, however, to date, this hypothesis has not been examined in children. The present study examined the effect of stereotype threat in a dual task condition on children’s motor learning. One hundred and fifty girls (mean age = 10.96 ± .80 years) were randomly assigned into 3 groups; 1- explicit gender stereotype threat; 2- explicit gender stereotype threat + dual task; 3- control. The task consisted of a soccer-kicking task in which the participants had to score the most points by kicking the soccer ball towards the goals on the wall. This study included three phases; 1- pretest (10 trials); 2- practice phase (5 blocks of 10 trials); 3- retention test (10 trials). During the practice phase, the results indicated that participants in the control condition performed better (M = 1.46, SD = .19) than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (M = 1.25, SD = .16, p < .001), and, than participants in the gender stereotype threat + dual task paradigm condition (M = .92, SD = .19, p < .001). However, participants in the gender stereotypes + dual task paradigm condition performed worse than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (p < .001). In addition, the results of the retention test showed that participants in the control condition performed better (M = 1.51, SD = .34) than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (M = 1.24, SD = .35, p = .001), and participants in the gender stereotype threat + dual task paradigm condition (M = 1.15, SD = .49, p < .001). In conclusion, these results do not support the potential neutralizing effect of a cognitive dual task in a stereotype threat condition in children.

ESTRATÉGIAS DE CONFORTO AMBIENTAL PARA QUADRAS FECHADAS VOLTADAS A ESPORTES DE ALTO RENDIMENTO

Sports architecture, with its particularities, is essential to optimize the efficiency of environments, considering the specific needs of each sport. This article addresses environmental comfort strategies applied to indoor courts intended for high-performance sports, highlighting the importance of an architecturally planned environment to ensure the well-being of athletes and optimize their performance. The study focuses on thermal, visual, acoustic and ergonomic aspects, and analyzes how each of these factors influences sports performance. In addition, it explores the interaction between the body and the physical environment, proposing solutions that favor the creation of functional and comfortable spaces for sports practice and competitive events. The research, of a bibliographic and exploratory nature, brings together concepts of environmental psychology and athletic performance, in addition to highlighting the construction strategies of ventilation, lighting and acoustic control that can be applied to indoor courts with the aim of promoting human well-being. The work proposes solutions so that sports centers offer adequate conditions for sports practice, supporting the creation of environments that favor both the satisfaction and the enhancement of the performance of athletes. From this study, it is possible to define the importance of the preparation and competition environment in the performance of high-performance athletes, and architecture, linked to environmental comfort, is shown to be a tool for the development of these spaces, essential for success in national and international sports competitions.

A Study of the Application of Educational Psychology to Educational Practice

The application of educational psychology in educational practices aims at enhancing the process of education through integrating psychological concepts with the teaching environment. Such a stance holds the practical relevance of improving the quality of instruction and learning as essential and timely. When these elements are understood, educational strategies can be designed to take into account these different learning profiles and hence enhance the chances of the learning achievement for overall students ability and for the presence of Inclusive Education. These research themes are important as they serve as a guideline in an effort to determine the nature of students learning, the conditions that prompt these changes in learning, and how technology can be incorporated into the learning process. Altogether, in pursuance of the present paper, a literature review and search have been performed, and the focus is on offering realistic recommendations for educators. The study provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for educational practice to help teachers to carry out conclusive teaching strategies. Therefore, sustaining and building this scholarship bridges theory and practice toward achieving progressive educational strategies that are supportive for all students and enhance the overall quality of education. Based on the findings, this study can provide useful recommendations for a range of issues, including the strategies for creating individual learning profiles for learners, the possible ways for dealing with the learning styles, and the guidelines for employing technologies to enhance learning. Furthermore, the paper also underlines the need to effectively update teachers professional experience and knowledge in the sphere of educational psychology.

Self-efficacy as a Predictor of Self-Management Capacity in Cancer Patients

Background: Self-efficacy, a fundamental concept in psychology, reflects an individual’s confidence in their ability to accomplish specific tasks and achieve goals. It significantly influences cancer patients' coping mechanisms, treatment adherence, psychological distress management, and overall well-being. Specific Background: While existing literature highlights various aspects of self-efficacy among cancer patients, few studies comprehensively address the relationship between self-efficacy and socio-demographic variables. Knowledge Gap: There remains a paucity of research examining the interaction between self-efficacy and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and educational attainment among cancer patients. Aims: This study aims to assess the level of self-efficacy in cancer patients and explore its correlation with socio-demographic characteristics. Results: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed with a purposive sample of 107 cancer patients. The findings revealed that 83% of participants exhibited a high level of self-efficacy, while only 6.50% demonstrated low self-efficacy. A statistically significant association was identified between age and self-efficacy levels (P-value = 0.000). Novelty: This research is among the first to highlight the influence of age and chronic illness on self-efficacy in cancer patients while showing no significant relationships with gender, education, or social status. Implications: The study underscores the importance of promoting self-efficacy in cancer care, particularly through targeted interventions that consider age and chronic disease status. Enhancing self-efficacy can improve treatment adherence and psychological adjustment, thereby positively impacting the overall health outcomes of cancer patients. Highlights: 83% of cancer patients had high self-efficacy levels. Age significantly correlates with self-efficacy (P-value = 0.000). Self-efficacy unaffected by gender, education, or social status. Keywords: self-efficacy, cancer patients, socio-demographic characteristics, treatment adherence, psychological well-being

Modern Approaches in Domestic Psychology: Unity in Diversity

A brief result of the analysis of modern approaches undertaken within the framework of the collective monograph “Scientific approaches in modern domestic psychology” (M., 2023) is presented. 27 chapters (of different approaches) were divided into general psychological (developing within psychological science), general scientific approaches in psychology (interdisciplinary, resource, environmental, network, etc.), specific psychological in the field of psychology (personality psychology, social psychology, speech psychology, professional activities, etc.) and scientific approaches in applied psychology. Four options for comparisons are considered: the possibility of integration (V.A. Mazilov, V.A. Yanchuk) or comparison of scientific approaches (E.A. Sergienko, A.V. Yurevich). Based on the analysis, guidelines were proposed in an attempt to present the space of psychological science as differentiated by different approaches, and interconnected through the openness of borders and the flexibility of conceptual structures. The leading concepts, specifying concepts, methodological principles and leading methods of approaches are identified. all four groups demonstrate interconnections and complementarities in the understanding of nature, multidetermination of the psyche, and the ability to solve new and complex problems on their basis. Many approaches incorporate concepts and principles of other approaches in psychology. General scientific approaches have generated not only new concepts in psychology (interdisciplinarity, psychological resources), but also new methodological principles. I would like to emphasize that the analysis demonstrated a significant expansion of the methodological principles of psychological sciences, which are explicit not only in general psychological and general scientific, but also specific scientific approaches. The principles of interdisciplinarity, uncertainty, anticipation, subjectivity, evolution, multi-determination and self-development were justified, along with confirmation of the principles of systematicity, the unity of consciousness and activity, the unity of being and consciousness. But even the principles traditional for psychology are filled with new content, excluding determinism, which fetters a person by universal laws, and indeterminism, where a person is lost in infinite degrees of freedom. The author’s approach to the analysis of scientific approaches in psychology is an attempt to compare them and highlight trends in the development of methodology, which involves discussions and discussions, new solutions, new analysis possibilities, which is necessary for the development of our science and the implementation of the idea of the opponent circle.

Scientific Reflection on the Logic of the Development of Russian Social Psychology (For the 100th Anniversary of G.M. Andreeva)

The author studies the life path and scientific and organizational activities of a prominent social scientist and humanitarian G.M. Andreeva against the background of an analysis of the ways of the post-war formation of Soviet social psychology. Its outstanding role in the creation of an interdisciplinary system of cognitive and communicative social psychology and in its design and pedagogical implementation through the organization of teaching at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University with appropriate educational and methodological support for domestic higher education and the inclusion of its achievements in world science is shown. Generalization of her teaching experience in Russian and foreign universities and its theoretical and methodological foundations allowed G.M. Andreeva to develop a fundamental concept of cognitive psychology of social cognition, which is being developed in various directions by participants and followers of the scientific school she created, one of the largest in Russian socio-psychological science.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SOCIETY AND AUTHORITY IN THE ERA OF CATHERINE II

The article analyses the interaction between society and government during the reign of Catherine II. Various components of this interaction are considered on the basis of general psychological, socio-psychological and psychological-historical concepts. The authors describe the features of communication between the authorities and various social groups - the nobility, merchants, burgers, peasants, other power structures and social institutions. As part of the description of communication between the authorities and the people, special attention is paid to the nature of feedback and the dependence of consciousness on o cial values, which are understood as a set of ideas and symbols aimed at ensuring internal stability, building an image of power and mobilising human resources. The need-based, emotional, cognitive and communicative components of the interaction between society and government during the reign of Catherine II are shown.

Brian MacWhinney’s 55 Years Research into Language Education and Psychology: A Systematic Review and Brian MacWhinney’s Personal Reflection

Ali Panahi and Hassan Mohebbi systematically reviewed Brian MacWhinney’s 55 years of research and publication in language education and psychology. The study was conducted in varying sections. Section 1 illustrates a methodology for the systematic review. It presents an impressionistic framework based on which the reviewers developed some exclusion and inclusion rules. Section 2 is concerned with MacWhinney’s overall achievements and contributions; all his research publications were estimated to stand at 540 items. Section 3 presents the themes (micro-themes and macro-themes) in MacWhinney’s research works and presents the extracted technical jargons, terms and concepts for both language education (1548 items) and psychology (447 items). Added to this, nine meta-themes were inferred and extracted for all of his research publications. Section 4 provides a systematic review of his research works. As a result, with reference to the subjective criteria and exclusion and inclusion rules, his research works, i.e., articles, book chapters and books, were systematically reviewed. In the end, Brian MacWhinney provided his own reflection and discussion.

Data-informed psychological therapy, measurement-based care, and precision mental health.

Measurement-based care, that is, incorporating data-informed decision support for therapists into psychological therapy, has undergone significant advancements over the past 2 decades. Technological innovations such as computerized data assessment and feedback tools have facilitated its widespread adoption across various settings. For instance, clinicians can utilize psychometric data to personalize therapeutic approaches, strategies, or modules and track a patient's response to therapy in real time (e.g., Lutz, Schwartz, & Delgadillo, 2022). Furthermore, new algorithm-based clinical support tools used within measurement-based care can optimize treatment for such patients at risk for treatment failure. Consequently, measurement-based care is evolving into a data-informed and precision psychological therapy concept that can be viewed as a low-intensity transtheoretical adjunct to evidence-based treatments. It can be integrated at multiple care points into clinical practice regardless of the clinical modality, manual, or program used in a given health care system. Therefore, it emerges as an important component of clinical competence, practice, and training, akin to continuous monitoring of physical health indicators (e.g., insulin, fever, or blood pressure). In this viewpoint article, we summarize the core concepts of data-informed psychological therapy that customizes individual psychological interventions to meet specific patient needs. We also explore implications and future steps to integrate this approach into clinical practice and further advance precision mental health care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Investigation of Academic Perseverance Levels of Gifted Students in Terms of Some Variables

With positive psychology, more focus is placed on the strengths of individuals. Thus, in recent years, it has been seen that features such as courage, optimism, hope, forgiveness, gratitude and perseverance have been the subject of more research. However, features associated with positive psychology have not been adequately studied in gifted students. In this study, perseverance, one of the positive psychology concepts, was discussed and academic perseverance in gifted students was examined. In this context, it is aimed to examine the academic perseverance levels of gifted students in terms of various variables. The study group of the research consists of 152 gifted students attending the 5th and 6th grades. The data in the study were collected with the Academic Perseverance Scale. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis, when the findings of the study were examined, it was determined that the academic perseverance levels of the gifted students were above the average and high. It was observed that the academic perseverance levels of gifted students did not differ significantly according to gender and school type, but differed significantly according to grade level. The findings were discussed together with the studies in the current literature and suggestions were presented to researchers and practitioners.

Flourishing Among Elderly Population: The Role of Social Support and Gratitude.

This paper sets out a framework for exploring flourishing in older age through the lens of social support and gratitude. Flourishing is a relatively new concept in positive psychology. Social support and gratitude are as potential predictors of flourishing among older individuals that considers hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being. The current study evaluated the relationship between social support and gratitude associated with flourishing among elderly people. The proposed relationship was assessed among 413 elderly people from north India aged 60-90 years with a mean age of 67.94 years. The data were analysed using a two-step approach to structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that gratitude as a mediator in the relationship between social support and flourishing. Additionally, a significant indirect relationship was also found between perceived social support and flourishing via gratitude. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is one of the first studies that conceptualizes and assesses flourishing among older adults in India. The findings from the present study make important contributions to the existing literature on well-being among elderly population. It is suggested that health and social care professionals working with older adults adopt a comprehensive approach to identify and propel non-flourishing people toward flourishing in life.

Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes: using gamification of cognitive overload to teach leadership and psychology concepts

PurposeKeep Talking and Nobody Explodes is a puzzle-based video game that allows Leadership educators to facilitate a highly interactive and behaviorally intense experience within a traditional classroom environment. In this manuscript, we discuss appropriate use cases, curricular alignments and provide a sample lesson plan outlining one way of using the game.Design/methodology/approachThe cooperative and team-based nature of this game provides opportunities to create interactive lessons on a variety of topics, such as communication, group dynamics, leadership, conflict strategies and cognitive load.FindingsOur primary reflection is that this game provides a good balance between fun engagement and rigorous learning. While deploying this game in several leadership and psychology courses, students have shown excitement and enthusiasm about playing the game, especially when we have built up some anticipation for it while discussing cognitive load theory (CLT) or other content in the classes leading up to the experience.Originality/valueThe game provides a unique behavioral experience that is useful in several different educational outlets. Fundamentally, the game provides the opportunity for creating three dynamics among small groups of students: cognitive overload, intergroup stress and conflict and communication in stressful environments. Each of these three could be applicable in various courses and curriculum.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING LEADERSHIP IN FOREIGN RESOURCES

Teaching leadership skills involves more than just using effective methods and techniques; it also requires having a thorough understanding of the psychological theories that explain human behavior, focusing on key elements like self-awareness, motivation, emotional intelligence, and conflict resolution. The article examines foreign research studies on successful psychological techniques for teaching leadership in higher education. It embraces the importance of developing effective leadership programs, the role of experiential and collaborative learning, development of ethical learning environments and learning opportunities. The significance of a psychologically informed approach to education is highlighted by the necessity for educators to understand the psychological concepts, such as motivation, social dynamics, and cognitive development, that shape instructional practices.

A short natural history of mental time travels: a journey still travelled?

Tulving's introduction of episodic memory and the metaphor of mental time travel has immensely enriched our understanding of human cognition. However, his focus on human psychology, with limited consideration of evolutionary perspectives, led to the entrenched notion that mental time travel is uniquely human. We contend that adopting a phylogenetic perspective offers a deeper insight into cognition, revealing it as a continuous evolutionary process. Adherence to the uniqueness of pre-defined psychological concepts obstructs a more complete understanding. We offer a concise natural history to elucidate how events that occurred hundreds of millions of years ago have been pivotal for our ability to mentally time travel. We discuss how the human brain, utilizing parts with ancient origins in a networked manner, enables mental time travel. This underscores that episodic memories and mental time travel are not isolated mental constructs but integral to our perception and representation of the world. We conclude by examining recent evidence of neuroanatomical correlates found only in great apes, which show great variability, indicating the ongoing evolution of mental time travel in humans.This article is part of the theme issue 'Elements of episodic memory: lessons from 40 years of research'.

A hopeful future: a qualitative investigation of positive psychological functioning in young mothers

ABSTRACT Aims/Background Young mothers have reported facing specific challenges such as stigmatisation and social isolation, which may be exaggerated by the increasing maternal age in industrialised countries. Despite these challenges, some young mothers have been shown to exhibit resilience and confidence during the transition to parenthood. Using strength-based psychological concepts, this study aimed to identify the facilitators of and barriers to the development of positive psychological states in young Australian mothers. Design/Methods Using semi-structured interview questions, 11 women who had given birth between 15 and 22 were asked to share their experiences of pregnancy, birth, and motherhood. Their responses were analysed using the Framework method; initially coding the data to a priori themes such as resilience and social support, and then to higher order themes. Results Five higher order themes were developed from participant responses: 1. Everything is about to change, 2. Disrespected and disempowered, 3. Resilience, 4. It takes a village, and 5. A hopeful future. Across these themes, participants described the mixed emotional experiences of pregnancy and birth, experiences of stigma from various sources, efforts to maintain mental wellbeing, reliance on support networks, and aspirations for themselves and their children. Conclusion Findings from the current study highlight several key strategies for managing the challenges of early motherhood and promoting positive psychological states. Recommendations include fostering self-efficacy, supporting identity development, and establishing strong support networks across social and healthcare contexts. Recognizing and celebrating the strengths of young mothers is essential for effectively supporting them through the complex experience of motherhood.

Concept and Evolution of Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology whereby scientists are motivated to study theunderlying mechanisms of the higher mental processes in human beings. Therefore, to other disciplines,cognitive scientists are interested in understanding human perception, decision-making, attention,problem-solving, thinking, and the development of speech among other mental processes. On the otherhand, the term cognition is derived from ‘cognosco’, which in Latin translates to making decisions,discovering, learning, investigating, studying, or recognizing. However, cognition has been defined bymost scientists as the processes involved in transforming, reducing, elaborating, storing, recovering,and using the sensory signal (input). Generally, cognitive psychology is focused on understanding themental processes of acquiring, processing, and storing information in human beings (Ruisel, 2010, p.268).This research paper discuss the concept of cognitive psychology and its concept as it greatlyaffects the learning power of the human being and play a vital role in educational institutions for thegrowth of students while effective learning processes

Reasonableness of court decisions in the paradigm of psychological, logical and doctrinal analysis

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of reasoning of court decisions through psychological, logical and doctrinal aspects. Reasonableness of court decisions is a multifaceted concept, which is influenced by the interaction of these three key aspects. Studying the characteristics of a court decision as a special type of legal document through the prism of interdisciplinary dialogue improves understanding of the processes underlying judicial thinking and the formalization of its outcome. Cognitive biases, emotional state and social pressure influence the decision-making process. The article analyzes certain psychological theories and concepts that emphasize the influence of psychological factors on the motivation of judicial decisions. The author emphasizes the importance of logical consistency in legal reasoning. The author examines the common logical techniques, used in rendering court decisions and their reasoning, and also identifies the importance of consistent and rational judgments in law enforcement. In addition, the author examines how established legal doctrines affect the characteristics of a court decision, including its motivation, and how deviations from these doctrines may affect public perception of court decisions. Understanding and taking into account psychological, logical and doctrinal aspects in the process of making a court decision is important for increasing the level of motivation of court decisions, and as a result, ensuring the right to a fair trial and building trust in the legal system in general