Concept Of Point Research Articles

A simple structured and homo-frequency point mode switchable THz full-space metasurface based on temperature-controlled vanadium dioxide

Terahertz (THz) full-space metasurfaces have attracted great attention in the field of modern communication systems due to their inherent advantages in electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation. However, nearly all the reported full-space metasurfaces are realized by multilayer dielectric cascade structures. Furthermore, for mode switchable metasurfaces, reflection and transmission modes are always switched at different frequency points, which limits their application prospects. In this paper, we propose a full-space THz metasurface that can switch between reflection and transmission modes at the same frequency point only by controlling a single substrate layer of vanadium dioxide. The reflection and transmission properties can be independently controlled by rotating the optimized meta-atoms on the metasurface independently. To demonstrate its application potential for multifunctional devices, full-space focusing vortex beam generator and near-field imaging are practiced. A mode switchable focusing vortex beam generator using right circularly polarized (RCP) light at 1.312 THz is designed. The mode purity of the vortex beam under both the transmission and reflection directions is above 85 %. Then a full-space near-field imaging of letters “UPC” at 200 μm from the reference plane is achieved both in the reflection and transmission direction. The transmission and reflection modes can be switched simply by regulating the temperature of the vanadium dioxide substrate through a thermistor. Our suggested design concept of homo-frequency points and simple structure is more conducive to future practical engineering applications of metasurface and provides a worthwhile direction for future research of full-space functional devices.

Are differential diffusion effects of importance when burning hydrogen under elevated pressures and temperatures?

A ratio of turbulent burning velocity to laminar flame speed is well known to be abnormally high in lean hydrogen-air mixtures, with this phenomenon being commonly attributed to differential diffusion effects. Magnitude of such effects is known to be increased by pressure, but a few recent studies have indicated that the effects are mitigated when reactants are preheated. It is not yet known, however, which of these two counteracting trends is of more importance under elevated pressures and temperatures associated with combustion in engines. Accordingly, it is not yet clear whether or not models of differential diffusion effects are required for research and development of future ultra-clean and highly efficient engines that burn hydrogen (the emphasized effects are typically ignored in engineering computations). To clarify the issue, numerical simulations of lean complex-chemistry hydrogen-air strained laminar flames are performed by varying strain rate, pressure 1≤P≤50 bar, temperature 300≤Tu≤900 K, and equivalence ratio (Φ=0.4, 0.55, and 0.7). This simple problem is selected because maximal consumption speeds reached in critically strained (close to extinction) lean hydrogen-air laminar flames are considered to characterize the influence of differential diffusion on turbulent burning rates within the framework of Zel'dovich's leading point concept, which was well supported in recent studies. Computed results show that, even at Tu=900 K, the aforementioned consumption speeds are significantly larger than the unperturbed laminar flame speeds if the mixture is sufficiently lean (the equivalence ratio Φ=0.55 or lower) and pressure is sufficiently high (P≥30 bar). Therefore, differential diffusion effects are expected to be of importance when burning so lean hydrogen-air mixtures in engines and should be properly modeled.

Stabilization and asymptotic stability of the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional-order linear and semilinear evolution equations

We discuss the asymptotic stability of the fractional-order linear and semilinear evolution equations involving a Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative for fractional-order α∈(0,1) with a non-singular kernel. First, by using the concepts of an equilibrium point, it is proved that an autonomous Caputo–Fabrizio system admits only a constant solution and a new concept of a global solution for the Caputo–Fabrizio system is introduced. Laplace transform and Grönwall inequality are used to derive the local and global asymptotic stability conditions. By constructing a suitable linear feedback control and using our main results, we stabilize the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional-order linear and semilinear evolution equations. At the end, by using the stabilization result, we stabilize a fractional-order chaotic system to support the obtained results.

The Personal and the Planetary: Buddhism, Climate Change, and Anthropocene Time

Dipesh Chakrabarty describes the problem of climate change as in part one of temporal incommensurability. For most of human history, we have enjoyed the primacy of anthropocentric “world-historical” time. But as climate change becomes an increasingly dominant preoccupation in our daily lives, we experience a rupture in everyday world-historical time and the incursion of a new timescale: the inconceivably vast and impersonal scale of “planetary-geologic” time. The incommensurability between the personal scale of human time and the vast planetary scale of climate change has produced an affective crisis, confronting us with the very limits of our imaginative capacity. In this essay, I argue that although the specifics of climate change may be new, human imaginative engagement with deep time is not. Animated by the conviction that Buddhist literature and thought contain robust theoretical and conceptual ideas that can enrich philosophical and ethical thinking, I bring select Buddhist concepts to bear on the problem of temporal incommensurability. Rather than suggest any general “Buddhist” way of thinking about time, I argue that Buddhist sources can offer new conceptual points of entry into the problem of temporal incommensurability itself, specifically addressing how we might differently conceptualize the relationship between the personal and the planetary in order to address the affective crisis identified by Chakrabarty.

Risk-averse pricing decisions based on prospect theory

This study examines the risk behaviour of a decision-maker regarding pricing decisions with the aid of the newsvendor model. In this regard, prospect theory and reference point concept are adopted to formulate the value function of the decision-maker. Unlike the traditional reference points (quantity-based), a reference point is deemed a function of the price. It is proved that a convex combination of the maximum-expected profits and expected losses represents the reference point. Closed-form solutions for the optimum price and quantity orders are obtained under uniformly and exponentially distributed demand. Moreover, the risk when the ordering quantity does not match the actual demand is discussed. The results-based numerical experiments reveal that the risk-averse decision-maker manages to increase the price to evade different expected costs, such as shortages and overstocking. Finally, for the same risk aversion level, the maximum reduction percentage of the optimal quantity concerning the price reaches approximately 8% in the exponential distribution, whereas it decreases by approximately 30% under the uniform distribution.

Modality-specific brain representations during automatic processing of face, voice and body expressions.

A central question in affective science and one that is relevant for its clinical applications is how emotions provided by different stimuli are experienced and represented in the brain. Following the traditional view emotional signals are recognized with the help of emotion concepts that are typically used in descriptions of mental states and emotional experiences, irrespective of the sensory modality. This perspective motivated the search for abstract representations of emotions in the brain, shared across variations in stimulus type (face, body, voice) and sensory origin (visual, auditory). On the other hand, emotion signals like for example an aggressive gesture, trigger rapid automatic behavioral responses and this may take place before or independently of full abstract representation of the emotion. This pleads in favor specific emotion signals that may trigger rapid adaptative behavior only by mobilizing modality and stimulus specific brain representations without relying on higher order abstract emotion categories. To test this hypothesis, we presented participants with naturalistic dynamic emotion expressions of the face, the whole body, or the voice in a functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study. To focus on automatic emotion processing and sidestep explicit concept-based emotion recognition, participants performed an unrelated target detection task presented in a different sensory modality than the stimulus. By using multivariate analyses to assess neural activity patterns in response to the different stimulus types, we reveal a stimulus category and modality specific brain organization of affective signals. Our findings are consistent with the notion that under ecological conditions emotion expressions of the face, body and voice may have different functional roles in triggering rapid adaptive behavior, even if when viewed from an abstract conceptual vantage point, they may all exemplify the same emotion. This has implications for a neuroethologically grounded emotion research program that should start from detailed behavioral observations of how face, body, and voice expressions function in naturalistic contexts.

In a Perfect World: Exploring the Desires and Realities for Digitized Historical Image Archives

ABSTRACTThe primary goal of this paper is to explore users' desires for digitized historical image collections, examining their desires based on different use purposes and information interaction activities. In addition, we investigate the image attributes that users wish to search from the collection. To accomplish this, we conducted 21 qualitative interviews with active users of a digitized historical photograph archive. Our findings suggest that users' desires relate to three contexts: tools, collection, and socio‐organizational issues. Moreover, our results indicate that users require support for various information interaction activities, not just searching. We found that users' desires vary based on their specific use purposes, and that users prioritize conceptual access points that can already mostly be generated through automated annotation methods. Ultimately, this study contributes to a better understanding of users' real‐life image needs and offers implications for improving access to digital image collections.

Evaluation of compulsory green employee behaviour in the framework of compulsory citizenship behaviour

For a sustainable environment, organizations have adopted the green management approach and started to work towards adopting green organizational behaviours in their organizations. However, the fact that these behaviours are not always exhibited voluntarily reveals the need to explore a new concept: compulsory green employee behaviour. The main subject of this study is whether this behaviour can be handled within the framework of compulsory citizenship behaviour. This study, “Can compulsory green employee behaviours be evaluated within the scope of compulsory citizenship behaviours?” based on the question, it aims to reveal the reasons for the emergence of compulsory green employee behaviours from a conceptual and theoretical point of view by supporting them with the studies in the literature. For this purpose, the conceptual and theoretical background of green employee behaviour and compulsory green employee behaviour and the reasons for its emergence were examined in this study. As a result of the literature review and theoretical associations, it has been seen that compulsory green employee behaviours exhibited outside of official role definitions can be evaluated within the framework of compulsory citizenship behaviour. In this direction, future studies in this field, steps to be taken in the national and international arena, and measures to be taken are very important in creating a more environmentally conscious and conscious society.

Baire Category Soft Sets and Their Symmetric Local Properties

In this paper, we study soft sets of the first and second Baire categories. The soft sets of the first Baire category are examined to be small soft sets from the point of view of soft topology, while the soft sets of the second Baire category are examined to be large. The family of soft sets of the first Baire category in a soft topological space forms a soft σ-ideal. This contributes to the development of the theory of soft ideal topology. The main properties of these classes of soft sets are discussed. The concepts of soft points where soft sets are of the first or second Baire category are introduced. These types of soft points are subclasses of non-cluster and cluster soft sets. Then, various results on the first and second Baire category soft points are obtained. Among others, the set of all soft points at which a soft set is of the second Baire category is soft regular closed. Moreover, we show that there is symmetry between a soft set that is of the first Baire category and a soft set in which each of its soft points is of the first Baire category. This is equivalent to saying that the union of any collection of soft open sets of the first Baire category is again a soft set of the first Baire category. The last assertion can be regarded as a generalized version of one of the fundamental theorems in topology known as the Banach Category Theorem. Furthermore, it is shown that any soft set can be represented as a disjoint soft union of two soft sets, one of the first Baire category and the other not of the first Baire category at each of its soft points.

Potential connection between positive frustration in family leisure time and the promotion of adolescent autonomy.

Family relationships during leisure time in adolescence have the potential to promote positive development, particularly in terms of autonomy. However, the scientific literature that links specifically positive family leisure to the development of adolescent autonomy is scarce, and lower when analyzing the role of frustration in leisure time. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) this article examines the potential relationship between positive frustration in family leisure time and the promotion of adolescent autonomy. For that purpose, the manuscript addresses four objectives to be discussed consecutively: (1) to delimit the concept of adolescent autonomy and point out the difficulty of parental support; (2) to explore positive frustration, a concept aligned with Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow, as a construct that can promote socio-emotional development in adolescence; (3) to describe the components of family leisure; and (4) to understand how the experience of optimal frustration may be linked to the development of adolescent autonomy during family leisure time. From this central question, several additional inquiries emerge: the interplay of frustration and failure in adolescence, the importance of parents and adolescents spending quality time together, the enjoyment in structured family leisure time, the autonomy-supportive parenting in leisure time activities in relation to daily activities, the need to strengthen adolescent bonds developed in infancy, and the complexity of paternal and maternal autonomy granting.

Historical biogeography supports Point Conception as the site of turnover between temperate East Pacific ichthyofaunas.

The cold temperate and subtropical marine faunas of the Northeastern Pacific meet within California as part of one of the few eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems in the world. Traditionally, it is believed that Point Conception is the precise site of turnover between these two faunas due to sharp changes in oceanographic conditions. However, evidence from intraspecific phylogeography and species range terminals do not support this view, finding stronger biogeographic breaks elsewhere along the coast. Here I develop a new application of historical biogeographic approaches to uncover sites of transition between faunas without needing an a priori hypothesis of where these occur. I used this approach to determine whether the point of transition between northern and southern temperate faunas occurs at Point Conception or elsewhere within California. I also examined expert-vetted latitudinal range data of California fish species from the 1970s and the 2020s to assess how biogeography could change with the backdrop of climate change. The site of turnover was found to occur near Point Conception, in concordance with the traditional view. I suggest that recent species- and population-level processes could be expected to give signals of different events from historical biogeography, possibly explaining the discrepancy across studies. Species richness of California has increased since the 1970s, mostly due to species's ranges expanding northward from Baja California (Mexico). Range shifts under warming conditions seem to be increasing the disparity between northern and southern faunas of California, creating a more divergent biogeography.

Description of a common stauromedusa on the Pacific Coast of the United States and Canada, Haliclystus sanjuanensis new species (Cnidaria: Staurozoa).

Haliclystus "sanjuanensis" nomen nudum is the most common staurozoan on the west coast of the United States and Canada. This species was described in the M.S. Thesis by Gellermann (1926) and although that name has been in use nearly continuously since that time, no published description exists. Furthermore, the most popular operative name for this species has varied between several related species names over time, resulting in confusion. Herein, we provide a detailed description and synonymy of Haliclystus sanjuanensis n. sp., whose distribution is verified from Unalaska Island in the Aleutians (53.4° N, 166.8° W) in the northwest, to Santa Barbara County, California, just north of Point Conception (34.5° N, 120.5° W), in the south. Haliclystus sanjuanensis n. sp. is compared with the twelve other described species of Haliclystus and illustrations of both macroscopic and microscopic anatomy are provided. Haliclystus sanjuanensis n. sp. is unique among species of Haliclystus in the arrangement of the bright-white nematocyst spots in its calyx and the pattern of dark stripes running the length of the stalk and up the outside of the calyx.

Connection Points: The Dynamics of Recruitment to Packaging-Free Shopping

Practice theorists have indicated the importance of understanding everyday life – how it changes and stays the same – in responding to current environmental problems, including the proliferation of food packaging waste. Focusing on individuals as carriers of practices who carry them out is essential for the diffusion of sustainable practices because the more carriers are recruited by less wasteful food consumption, such as packaging-free shopping, the more they are likely to spread. Thus far, however, insights regarding the dynamics of how practices recruit their carriers have been limited. Based on a focused ethnography in a recently opened packaging-free shop and its customers’ homes in Germany, this study specifies the dynamics of recruitment by introducing the concept of connection points. The presence of connection points enables a practice to recruit carriers, allowing them to maintain daily routines to a certain degree, while in the process of adopting a new practice that entails changing their everyday life. This reveals a paradoxical dynamic: continuity, in very diverse ways, seems to pave the way towards change.

Role of Voltage Control Devices in Low Voltage State Estimation Process

Megatrends, such as the proliferation of distributed generation, electrification, and the appearance of aggregator companies, put the low voltage power grids under intense pressure. Since the network infrastructure developments cannot keep up with the trends, distribution system operators turned to alternative solutions. Smart grid assets, such as on-load tap-changing distribution transformers or serial low voltage regulators, are promising solutions. However, the energy transition cannot be handled with the network expansive on the distribution level. Control centers are predicted to expand to this voltage level in the near future, and distribution system state estimation could be an enabler of all functionalities. On the low voltage level, data scarcity is a great challenge in observability; therefore, research must focus on the creation of pseudomeasurements and integration of available data sources. This paper examines the inclusion of smart assets from the conceptual point to the application on two sites, based on data from operational environments, both with a pseudomeasurement and an integrated metering point approach. The results showed that integrating smart assets could considerably mitigate voltage fluctuations, and reduce estimation errors by two magnitudes on the low voltage network.

The rhetoric of political science in parliament. A study of Westminster debates after the Second World War

ABSTRACT A parliamentary perspective on the politics of the academic political science connects my former interest in the history of the discipline with parliamentary studies. This article continues the discussion in a previous article of mine on the German Bundestag. The conceptual point lies in a mutual suspicion between parliamentarians and academics regarding politics. In this present study I analyse Westminster debates on the concept of ‘political science’. Possible similarities between British and (West-)German debates appear in how this applies to academic authorities, in the increasing number of parliamentarians having studied political science at university, as well as in the distance towards academic political scientists. However, in the Bundestag political science is understood in academic and disciplinary terms and references to it serve for the members’ politicking. In Westminster a concept of political science frequently refers to a intellectual tradition persisting also in the late twentieth century and it emphasizes analysing political changes as challenged to political science.

FEATURES OF BRAND STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The article examines the specifics of the development and stages of a brand strategy for agricultural enterprises, the essence and meaning of the concept of “brand strategy” from conceptual point of view, highlights the main development vectors and trends of foreign experience and Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to determine the content and main stages of formation of a brand strategy for agricultural enterprises, structuring elements and its tendency to change in agrarian enterprises. The influence of modern agricultural innovations on the marketing of the brand of agricultural products is analyzed. It has been proven that the development of a brand strategy for agricultural enterprises depends on many factors, namely on a quick response to price fluctuations, the organization of optimal logistics channels for the sale of agricultural products, on a quick response to changes in the main market trends. Modern approaches to the process of developing marketing strategies of agricultural enterprises and methods of marketing strategic analysis are considered. The peculiarities of agribusiness in Ukraine are: lack of long-term vision, market awareness, brand awareness is relatively weak. Brand in the field of production and business areas and not enough attention. In particular, farmers scattered business, a low degree of organization even if the registration of the trademark brand, but also unable to carry out publicity and the corresponding market development, resulting in increased awareness of trademark awareness, can not play the role of the brand. The core of agricultural product brand building is brand quality construction. The implementation of agricultural standardization is the guarantee of agricultural brand. However, compared with foreign developed countries, Ukraine agricultural standardization level is low, the implementation of agricultural standards lag. Many places only focus on standard-setting, and not pay attention to the implementation of standards, production, processing and other links are still conventional production. This caused the quality of agricultural products at different levels, seriously hampered the cultivation and development of well-known agricultural products brand. The main steps of building a brand strategy include defining the target audience, creating a unique offer in the market, a compelling message and an attractive visual identity. When building brand strategies of agricultural enterprises, the principles of uniqueness of product offers and expressive naming should be followed. Conclusions are drawn on the main regarding the effective development and use of brand strategy for agricultural enterprises and product.

Use of Key Points and Transfer Learning Techniques in Recognition of Handedness Indian Sign Language

The most expressive way of communication for individuals who have trouble speaking or hearing is sign language. Normal people are unable to comprehend sign language. As a result, communication barriers are put up. Majority of people are right-handed. Statistics say that, an average population of left-handed person in the world is about 10%, where they use left hand as their dominating hand. In case of hand written text recognition, if the text is written by left-handed or right-handed person, then there would not be any problem in recognition neither for human and nor for computer. But same thing is not true for sign language and its detection using computer. When the detection is performed using computer vision and if it falls into the category of detection by appearance, then it might not detect correctly. In machine and deep learning, if the model is trained using just one dominating hand, let’s say right hand, then the predictions can go wrong if same sign is performed by left-handed person. This paper addresses this issue. It takes into account the signs performed by any type of signer: left-handed, right-handed or ambidexter. In proposed work is on Indian Sign Language (ISL). Two models are trained: Model I, is trained on one dominating hand and Model II, is trained on both the hands. Model II gives correct predictions regardless of any type of signer. It recognizes alphabets and numbers in ISL. We used the concept of Key points and Transfer Learning techniques for implementation. Using this approach, models get trained quickly and we could achieve validation accuracy of 99%.

Full-period fringe order correction method based on dual-threshold cellular automaton

In traditional temporal phase unwrapping (TPU) methods, the fringe order is obtained pixel-to-pixel by multi-frequencies or multi-wavelengths. The direct calculation and error non-accumulation features accelerate the prosperity of TPU. Nevertheless, the noise, defocusing, and non-uniform reflectivity may inevitably lead to some fringe order errors. These errors are powerless against the evolving TPUs such as Gray code and phase coding. In this paper, a full-period fringe order correction method based on dual-threshold cellular automaton is proposed for machine 3D vision. Initially, an advanced dual-threshold cellular automaton algorithm is employed to extract both the strong and weak edges of the wrapped phase individually. Superior to conventional single-threshold edge detection methods, this approach effectively mitigates the edge breakage problem caused by significant height variations. Subsequently, the N-filled map, N-residue mask, and N-start points concepts are introduced to sequentially segment independent connected domains based on the tightly graphical coupling. In addition, by performing edge compensation in the same period, accurate fringe order correction can be achieved even if excessive edge points are identified, as long as the broken edges are effectively connected. The experimental results exhibit exceptional correction performance of the proposed method for intricate isolated objects, objects with non-uniform reflectivity, and dynamic scenes.

Collective agency as a leverage point in multi-actor innovation

The aim of this study is to investigate how horticultural firms meet their need for innovation within the innovation system. A comparative process ethnography approach was applied to two cases of long-term collaboration between multiple actors in Swedish horticulture. The retrospective reconstruction of the cases through documentation and interviews allowed for triangulation of data in a grounded theory approach. The leverage points of the developing collaborative processes were found to be; having agency and a network approach, the forming of collective agency through social learning, enhancing resource access, and operationalization of results. The concept of leverage points is useful for understanding evolutionary changes in multi-actor collaborations. The use of the concept of collective agency contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of demand articulation, illustrating a reciprocal process between the actors’ individual agencies, and evolving over time through their social learning. The results point to a need for policymakers and practitioners to develop a broader understanding of how actors work in the innovation system to enhance knowledge development and innovation.

SHAXSIY HAYOT DAXLSIZLIGI HUQUQINI TA’MINLASHDA ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLAR TAHLILI

This article presents a theoretical analysis of the impact of digital technologies on the right to privacy. The development of digital technologies, the widespread introduction of digital technologies in the life of our society, and the need to carry out scientific research on ensuring the privacy of citizens living in our country. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyze the concept of the right to privacy from a conceptual, scientific, and methodological point of view. If we consider the right of every person to make a moral and ethical evaluation of his qualities as his personal right, it is considered to have a subjective nature. Therefore, his dignity and reputation may or may not be compatible with social opinion in society. The author focused on “circumstances that violate privacy”, “protection from interference in personal life”, “international standards of personal information” and “not disclosing information about honor and dignity without their consent”. The article analyzes the advanced experience of foreign countries and the approaches of legal scholars to the privacy of personal life, provides a comprehensive analysis of the right to privacy in the context of digitization and the specific features of its constitutional and legal regulation, and presents proposals on improvements to the legislation of Uzbekistan on privacy.