Non-dominated Concept Research Articles

LIBERTY AS NON-DOMINATION: THE CONTRIBUTION OF PHILIP PETTIT AND THE DEBATE WITH HIS CRITICS

This paper explores Philip Pettit's concept of liberty as non-domination, a significant contribution to contemporary political theory emphasizing freedom from arbitrary power rather than merely the absence of interference. In an increasingly plural and complex world, there is a pressing need for a broader understanding of liberty that addresses the political adversities faced by diverse societies. Pettit’s theory provides a robust framework for assessing political freedom by proposing that true liberty entails the absence of domination, supported by democratic mechanisms that disperse and make power accountable. The primary objective of this text is to analyze Pettit’s complete works alongside contributions from ten prominent commentators and debaters, examining the strengths and potential shortcomings of his theory. The analysis aims to demonstrate how Pettit’s concept of non-domination can be superior to other notions of liberty or how integrating different perspectives might reinforce his ideas. Methodologically, the paper conducts a thorough examination of Pettit's seminal works. It includes critical analysis from scholars like Quentin Skinner, Richard Dagger, and Cécile Laborde. Each author's agreement or disagreement with Pettit is analyzed in detail, providing a comprehensive view of the ongoing discourse. In conclusion, Pettit's concept of liberty as non-domination proves to be a compelling framework for understanding and advancing political freedom. This approach necessitates transparency, accountability, and participation within democratic institutions, ensuring liberty is safeguarded against both existing and potential forms of arbitrary power. Through this detailed examination, the paper underscores the relevance and applicability of Pettit's ideas in addressing contemporary political challenges.

Filter-based stochastic algorithm for global optimization

We propose the general Filter-based Stochastic Algorithm (FbSA) for the global optimization of nonconvex and nonsmooth constrained problems. Under certain conditions on the probability distributions that generate the sample points, almost sure convergence is proved. In order to optimize problems with computationally expensive black-box objective functions, we develop the FbSA-RBF algorithm based on the general FbSA and assisted by Radial Basis Function (RBF) surrogate models to approximate the objective function. At each iteration, the resulting algorithm constructs/updates a surrogate model of the objective function and generates trial points using a dynamic coordinate search strategy similar to the one used in the Dynamically Dimensioned Search method. To identify a promising best trial point, a non-dominance concept based on the values of the surrogate model and the constraint violation at the trial points is used. Theoretical results concerning the sufficient conditions for the almost surely convergence of the algorithm are presented. Preliminary numerical experiments show that the FbSA-RBF is competitive when compared with other known methods in the literature.

The right to politics and republican non-domination

Against pronouncements of the recent demise of both democracy and the political, I maintain that there is, rather, something amiss with the process of politicization in which social grievances are translated into matters of political concern and become objects of policy-making. I therefore propose to seek an antidote to the de-politicizing tendencies of our age by reanimating the mechanism that transmits social conflicts and grievances into politics. To that purpose, I formulate the notion of a ‘fundamental right to politics’ as the opposite of the techne of policy-making. I articulate this right via a reconstruction of the logical presuppositions of democracy as collective self-authorship. I then recast the concept of non-domination by discerning two trajectories of domination – ‘relational’ and ‘systemic’ ones, to argue that in a viable democracy that makes full use of the right to politics, the dynamics of politicization should take place along both trajectories; currently, however, matters of systemic injustice get translated in relational terms and politicized as concerns for inclusion into and distribution within the existing system of social relations, rather than its radical overhaul.

Rare-PEARs: A new multi objective evolutionary algorithm to mine rare and non-redundant quantitative association rules

Since finding quantitative association rules (QARs) is an NP-hard problem, evolutionary methods are suitable solutions for discovery QARs. Nevertheless, most of the previous evolutionary methods to discover association rules only consider frequent dependency among items in datasets. They do not pay specific attention to interestingness and non-redundancy as two critical objectives. In this paper, the proposed algorithm (Rare-PEARs) gives a chance to each rule with different length and appearance (antecedent and consequent parts of rules) to be created. Therefore, various interesting, rare or interesting and rare rules can be found. Some of these rules might be uninteresting (those that contain frequent item sets). However, we try to avoid them by Rare-PEARs. To accomplish this goal, our method decomposes the process of association rule mining into N−1 sub-problems (N is the number of attributes, and each sub-problem is handled by an independent sub-process during Rare-PEARs execution). Each sub-process starts individually with a different initial population. It then explores the search space of its corresponding sub-problem to find rules with semi-optimal intervals for each of the attributes. This process is done by a new definition of Non-Dominated concept. Rare-PEARs uses this definition to find semi-optimal intervals for attributes during the execution of each sub-process. Finally, Rare-PEARs collects QARs from sub-processes and determines the ultimate Non-Dominated rules based on the interestingness and reliability measures. Rare-PEARs tries to maximize three objectives: interestingness, accuracy and reliability while providing vast coverage on the input dataset. We compared Rare-PEARs with ten algorithms (multi-objective, mono-objective and classical algorithms of association rule mining) over several real-world datasets. The results demonstrate high efficiency of Rare-PEARs.

Engaging in Civic Life: Confucianism, Republicanism, and Ordinary Chinese in the 1940s

Engaging in Civic Life: Confucianism, Republicanism, and Ordinary Chinese in the 1940s Catherine Chang Abstract This paper explores the civic life of Republican Chinese in the 1940s and compares it with the Western liberal model of civic life by analyzing "public opinion" in the Chinese newspaper. Recent scholarship on the public sphere and civil society shows that the Confucian civic tradition presents a different concept of "public" from that of the Western Republican tradition. The Confucian one places each individual and his interests in a network of human relationships so that one is supposed to lead a communal life. So is a Confucian state established on such relational ties. However, Western Republicanism is founded on the concept of nondomination, calling for each citizen, who has been endowed with liberty and equality, out of his private realm to actively participate in politics in order to guarantee his rights. Using public announcements in the newspaper as the materials, this paper illustrates why and how Republican Chinese citizens sensed the urge to publicize, engage in, and mediate community disputes, in order to demonstrate the influence of both Confucian and Western Republican traditions in their civic life. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/rhps.v3n1a4

Necessary Nondomination Conditions in Set and Vector Optimization with Variable Ordering Structures

In this paper we study the concept of nondomination in problems of set and vector optimization with variable ordering structures, which reduces to Pareto efficiency when the ordering structure is constant/nonvariable. Based on advanced tools of variational analysis and generalized differentiation, we develop verifiable necessary conditions for nondominated points of sets and for nondominated solutions to vector optimization problems with general geometric constraints that are new in both finite and infinite dimensions. Many examples are provided to illustrate and highlight the major features of the obtained results.

Beyond non-domination

The concept of non-domination is an important contribution to the study of freedom but it does not comprehend the whole of freedom. Insofar as domination requires a conscious capacity for control on the part of the dominant party, it fails to capture important threats to individual freedom that permeate many contemporary liberal democracies today. Much of the racism, sexism and other cultural biases that currently constrain the life-chances of members of subordinate groups in the USA are largely unconscious and unintentional, and they do not always involve control. Although they constitute real barriers to freedom, these forms of influence are not accurately characterized as domination, and they will require different mechanisms to overcome them. To achieve the more capacious freedoms that liberal democracy promises, we will need to go beyond non-domination and to come to terms with the non-sovereign, socially distributed character of human agency.

Risk Metric for Multi‐Objective Design of Naval Ships

ABSTRACTThe DoD Risk Management Guide requires risk assessment of acquisition performance, cost, and schedule through the identification, subsequent analysis and prioritization of adverse program events based on their probability and consequences. This type of risk assessment is very important in concept exploration and design when considering new technologies, unique processes, and novel concepts.Uncertainty associated with the design process itself and the definition and selection of specific design alternatives can also have a significant impact on performance, cost, and schedule risk. Inherent, statistical and modeling uncertainty and uncertainty because of human error, must be considered in the design process, but uncertainty analysis requires a more detailed and computationally intensive probabilistic approach. It is most appropriate for post‐exploration design optimization, after specific cost and performance goals and thresholds have been set to maximize the probability of achieving these goals.In this paper, a two‐stage concept design strategy is proposed that uses a multi‐objective optimization and simplified risk event approach for concept exploration and a more rigorous multi‐disciplinary optimization with uncertainty for concept development. Concept exploration identifies nondominated design concepts and establishes the optimum relationship between effectiveness, cost, and risk given a broad selection of technologies and design alternatives. In this context, non‐dominated (N‐D) refers to designs with the maximum effectiveness for a given cost and level of risk. This is a global optimization design problem that considers a wide range of performance, cost and risk possibilities. Risk is defined using a separate objective attribute, an overall measure of risk (OMOR), which specifically addresses the high‐risk events associated with the selection of new technologies, processes, and concepts. With this perspective, decision‐makers may establish ratio‐nal requirements, select technologies, narrow the design space, and establish a non‐dominated concept baseline design or set of designs.Once these early decisions are made, concept development and the remaining design phases add detail, refine requirements and reduce risk. Optimization continues into concept development, but a single objective optimization based on uncertainty analysis is used, maximizing the probability of success (POS) of satisfying cost and effectiveness thresholds and other constraints established in concept exploration.The methodology and a simple application of the multi‐objective optimization and risk event approach are described in this paper.