Concept Of Motions Research Articles

Symmetrical Impulsive Inertial Neural Networks with Unpredictable and Poisson-Stable Oscillations

This paper explores the novel concept of discontinuous unpredictable and Poisson-stable motions within impulsive inertial neural networks. The primary focus is on a specific neural network architecture where impulses mimic the structure of the original model, that is, continuous and discrete parts are symmetrical. This unique modeling decision aligns with the real-world behavior of systems, where voltage typically remains smooth and continuous but may exhibit sudden changes due to various factors such as switches, sudden loads, or faults. The paper introduces the representation of these abrupt voltage transitions as discontinuous derivatives, providing a more accurate depiction of real-world scenarios. Thus, the focus of the research is a model, exceptional in its generality. To study Poisson stability, the method of included intervals is extended for discontinuous functions and B-topology. The theoretical findings are substantiated with numerical examples, demonstrating the practical feasibility of the proposed model.

Influence of building-site resonance and building properties on site-city interaction: A numerical investigation

Recently, the concept of ground motions within dense urban areas being significantly affected by upper building clusters has been widely accepted. However, multiple interactions between upper buildings and underlain soil layer have increased the complexity of the problem. In this study, we focused on the analysis of ground motion changes with respect to free-field motion caused by upper building clusters, and the seismic interaction between building clusters and underlain soil, named site-city interaction (SCI). Emphasis was placed on the influence of building-site resonance and building properties on SCI effects. Hence, a two-dimensional (2D) numerical finite element model coupled with a non-linear elastic-plastic soil model and a linear multiple degree-of-freedom building model was developed in the OpenSees framework.Numerical results showed that the SCI effects were strongly influenced by the building-site resonance effects and building properties. For special cases, the ground motion was reduced by more than 60% with respect to the free-field motion. Furthermore, the SCI effects decreased as the degree of soil non-linearity increased, whereas the ground motion caused by SCI effects reduced by more than 20% of the free-field motion. However, owing to the non-linear effects, several unexpected amplifications were observed at certain frequency bands.Overall, the results of this study present an insight into the relationship between building properties, building-site resonance effects and SCI effects, and provide a reference for further SCI analysis of real-life applications.

Active and inactive components of the streamwise velocity in wall-bounded turbulence

Abstract

Student-generated PowerPoint animations: a study of student teachers’ conceptions of molecular motions through their expressed models

Student-generated drawings are known to be effective in building and revealing students’ conceptions of chemistry. Some chemistry concepts, moreover, include changes and processes that cannot be merely represented by static drawings. Computer-based animations are needed to represent the dynamics. In this study, 25 chemistry student teachers, who had studied the concept of molecular motions and had taken the course of Chemistry Instructional Media and Technology, were assigned to make expressed models of water molecules’ motions in the form of animations with PowerPoint, the most familiar program and installed on students’ computers. Students were also assigned to give written explanations of the three molecular motions. Within one month, both tasks were due simultaneously. Students’ expressed models were analysed based on Custom Animation features used for the animations, while students’ written explanations were analysed based on the typology of the sentences. It was found that all students appeared to hold correct conceptions of translation; many students appeared to hold correct conceptions of rotation; and almost all students appeared to hold misconceptions of vibration. There was no substantial difference between PowerPoint Animations and written explanations in revealing students’ conceptions of molecular motions. However, there were several inconsistencies of students’ conceptions that occurred in both tasks. For example, several students who incorrectly explained rotation as circular movements displayed a spinning of the particle on its own axis in the animation. Students’ expressed models in PowerPoint Animations provided other information unrevealed in their written explanations. These pieces of information included types of molecular motion in different phases, simultaneous motions, and deflections of molecules after collisions. The analysis of students’ expressed models in PowerPoint Animations can be an effective approach to reveal students’ conceptions of molecular dynamics if accompanied by adequate tutorials on the animation program, clear instructions, and guidance to get learning resources.

Needs Analysis Of Infographic Media Using Technology for Learning Physics

In general, students still have problems in learning Physics, especially on the concept of kinematics of rectilinear motions. One way for students to easily understand the concept is with the help of learning media using technology. This study aims to analyze the needs of infographic media for physics learning of the concept kinematics of rectilinear motions, especially for the concept of uniform rectilinear motion and accelerated uniform motion in Senior High School. This research was conducted to teachers, students, and document analysis, namely syllabus and list of instructional media at Senior High School in Sambas district using interview technique, observation, and documentation study. Researcher use triangulation and membercheck to ensure the validity of the findings of this study. The results showed that based on document analysis showed the lack of supporting books and no instructional media for the kinematics of rectilinear motions concept in selected schools and based on interviews to teachers and students that they are very interested in infographic learning media and are in need of infographic as a medium of Physics learning, the concept of kinematics rectilinear motions. The intended infographic media will be well packaged and accessible via facebook social media and backed up using smartphones as a learning tool for learners.

The Motion Verbs with Particles and Prepositions: Semantic Analyses

Abstract The topic of this research figures out the features of the motion verbs with particles and prepositions. The objectives of the research are to describe the meanings of the motion verbs in verb-particle combinations, the specific meaning of the adverb and the prepositions in the concept of motions, The data are taken from three novels. The selection of the data is focused on the verbs which express the agentive manner of motion and which combine with adverbs or prepositions that follow. The motion verbs semantically express the agent’s moving from one place to another. The concept of motion event is represented by the moving figure, motion event, path, and ground. However, the case of the motion verbs with the particles and prepositions show the different sense of motion. There are two categories of meanings indicated by the verb-particle combinations namely literal and idiomatic. The idiomatic meanings of the motion are mostly derived from metaphors. In the concept of motion event, the paths which are occupied by adverb or preposition or the combination of both contribute to the idiomatic meaning of the verbs.

THE EARLY GREAT DEBATE: A COMMENT ON IBN AL-HAYTHAM‘S WORK ON THE LOCATION OF THE MILKY WAY WITH RESPECT TO THE EARTH

AbstractAt the very beginning of the last millennium Ibn al-Haytham greatly contributed to the investigation of the Milky Way. Here, the only three currently known versions of his work on the location of the Milky Way are compared to each other and discussed. A comparison of the texts and an early translation into German by E. Wiedemann in 1906 reveals several differences that triggered a new critical translation of the passed down text. We give detailed comments on the work and check the validity of Ibn al-Haytham's arguments. We also discuss his work in the framework of the ‘Great Debate’ on the Milky Way that took place around 1920, more than a decade after Wiedemann's translation. We find that Ibn al-Haytham's work is certainly at the peak of the unaided-eye era of the Milky Way's discovery. Through his own argumentation and in comparison to Ptolemy's observations Ibn al-Haytham clearly identifies the Galaxy as an extraterrestrial body that is not part of the atmosphere but much further away than the Moon. With some of his statements on the stellar positions passed down by Ptolemy, Ibn al-Haytham also anticipates the concept of stellar proper motions.

The initial motions for holonomic and nonholonomic mechanical systems

Whittaker first put forward a new approach, called the initial motions, to solve the differential equations of motion aimed at holonomic systems. Since most of the differential equations of motion for mechanical systems are nonlinear ordinary ones, which are difficult to find the analytic solutions. Fortunately, the concept of initial motions can manage these situations and study its subsequent motions. This work is devoted to discuss and investigate the initial motions for mechanical systems, particularly for nonholonomic systems. First, the differential equations for holonomic systems are formulated, and the formulation and solution of initial motions of the systems are proposed. Second, the differential equations of motion for nonholonomic systems are established, based on the new method of initial motions to obtain the initial values of high-order derivatives of generalized velocities, the formulation and solution of initial motions are introduced in the general nonholonomic systems and Chaplygin systems. The methods and results obtained are illustrated by a number of classical examples, both for holonomic and nonholonomic systems.

Homothetic exponential motions with generalized quaternions

In this paper, we give the real matrix representations of generalized quaternions, and then, the concept of homothetic exponential motions is discussed and their velocities, accelerations obtained, Also, the paper gives some formula and facts about exponential motions which are not generally known for generalized quaternions.

Basic Motions of Human Life and Innate Education

In connection with the concept of the basic motions of human life according to Jan Patocka (a motion of acceptance, a motion of self-prolongation and a motion of self-understanding), solutions of the innate education, which is multiperspective, related to the innate human forces, and which overcomes common institutional education focused on successful life in technocratic and bureaucratic relations of Euro-American civilization, will be expressed. This concept of the innate education also contains a hope for future. Moreover, Rorty's approach is mentioned. This approach emphasizes an importance of solidarity, interpersonal reciprocity and tolerance, face-to-face to this rugged and chaotic world. The result of the article is a depiction of information and communication technologies and their role in the innate education.

About Tracing Problems in Dynamic Geometry

Dynamic Geometry is the field of interactively performing geometric construction on a computer. In addition to simulating ruler-and-compass constructions we allow a drag mode. This drag mode allows to move geometric objects that have at least one degree of freedom. The remaining part of the construction should adjust automatically. Thus, during the motion, we have to trace the resulting paths of all geometric objects. This path tracking problem is known as the Tracing Problem from Dynamic Geometry. It combines the step-by-step procedure of doing geometric constructions with the continuous concept of motions. This study is based on the model for Dynamic Geometry used in the interactive geometry software Cinderella. We give a numerical solution to the Tracing Problem based on continuation methods and a reliable algorithm based on real and complex interval arithmetic. Degenerate situations like the intersection of two identical lines lead to critical points in the configuration space and are treated separately.

공간능력의 차이에 따른 10학년 학생들의 판 운동 관련 개념에 대한 이해 분석

이 연구의 목적은 10학년 학생들의 공간능력의 차이에 따라 판의 운동과 관련된 개념 이해가 어떻게 다른지 알아보는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 공간능력과 판의 운동 관련 개념 검사 도구를 선정 개발하였다. 공간능력 검사는 KTC에서 개발한 적성종합 검사지 20문항을 사용하였다. 또 다른 검사지는 판의 운동과 관련된 개념을 묻는 것으로 총 10문항으로 구성되었다. 검사지들은 광역시 소재 10학년 학생 118명에게 투입하여 상관관계를 분석하였고, 공간능력 검사점수를 통해 공간능력이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단으로 구분하여 두 집단 간의 판의 운동 관련 개념 이해 정도 차이를 분석하였다. 또한 공간능력 점수가 높은 학생 3명과 낮은 학생 3명을 표집하여 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공간능력 점수와 판의 운동 개념 성취도의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 상관계수 r=0.439 (p<.01)로 둘 사이에는 보통 수준의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 공간능력 검사 점수에 따라 상 하 두 집단으로 구분하여 두 집단 간의 판의 운동 관련 개념 성취도에 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위해 t-검정을 실시한 결과, 두 집단 사이에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 공간능력 차이에 따른 판의 운동과 관련된 개념 이해를 조사하기 위해 공간능력 점수 상 하 두 집단에서 각각 3명씩 표집하여 면담을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 공간능력 점수에 관계없이 바르게 이해하고 있는 개념, 공간능력 점수에 관계없이 잘못 이해하고 있는 개념, 공간능력에 따라 이해 정도가 다른 개념으로 나누어 볼 수 있었다. 면담 학생 대부분이 해구와 해령, 맨틀의 상승과 하강 지역, 발산 수렴 경계에 대해 알고 있었다. 해구와 해령의 단면 모습에 대해서는 대부분 학생이 오개념을 가지고 있었다. 이에 반해 판의 생성과 소멸과정, 판 경계에서 일어나는 지각변동, 해저확장에 관한 내용에 대해서는 공간능력 점수가 높은 학생들은 대부분 바르게 이해하고 있었고, 공간능력이 낮은 학생들은 많은 오개념이 있음이 확인되었다. The purpose of this study was to compare 10th grade students' understanding of concepts about the plates' motions depending on the different spatial ability. Based on previous studies and literature reviews, two instruments were selected and used in this study. The Spatial Perception Test developed in Korean Testing Center was applied to measure students' spatial ability. Another instrument for testing students' understandings of plates' motions consists of a total of 10 items. The instruments were distributed to 118 students who were 10th graders in metropolitan city. The results are as follows: First, a correlation coefficient between conceptual understanding of plates' motions and spatial ability was r=0.439 (p<.01). It indicates that conceptual plates' motions and spatial ability have a moderate relationship. The students were divided into two groups (high and low) by spatial ability. The independent t-test was performed and reveals that the statistically significant difference between high and low groups. On the other hand, the 6 students (3 higher spatial ability students and 3 lowers) were selected and interviewed individually to find the differences in their understanding of the concept of plates' motions. The findings from interviews indicate that most students recognized about concepts of trench and ocean ridge, a rise and drop of the mantle, and divergent and convergent boundaries. However, students had misconceptions about section of trench and ocean ridge. In addition, the students who had higher spatial ability knew the more proper concepts about the creation and extinction of plate, crustal movements, and bottom of the ocean extension, whereas the students who had the lower spatial ability had misconceptions.

Probing Pore Constriction in a Ligand-gated Ion Channel by Trapping a Metal Ion in the Pore upon Agonist Dissociation

Eukaryotic pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) are receptors activated by neurotransmitters to rapidly transport ions across cell membranes, down their electrochemical gradients. Recent crystal structures of two prokaryotic pLGICs were interpreted to imply that the extracellular side of the transmembrane pore constricts to close the channel (Hilf, R. J., and Dutzler, R. (2009) Nature 457, 115-118; Bocquet, N., Nury, H., Baaden, M., Le Poupon, C., Changeux, J. P., Delarue, M., and Corringer, P. J. (2009) Nature 457, 111-114). Here, we utilized a eukaryotic acetylcholine (ACh)-serotonin chimeric pLGIC that was engineered with histidines to coordinate a metal ion within the channel pore, at its cytoplasmic side. In a previous study, the access of Zn(2+) ions to the engineered histidines had been explored when the channel was either at rest (closed) or active (open) (Paas, Y., Gibor, G., Grailhe, R., Savatier-Duclert, N., Dufresne, V., Sunesen, M., de Carvalho, L. P., Changeux, J. P., and Attali, B. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 15877-15882). In this study, the interactions of Zn(2+) with the pore were probed upon agonist (ACh) dissociation that triggers the transition of the receptor from the active conformation to the resting conformation (i.e. during deactivation). Application of Zn(2+) onto ACh-bound open receptors obstructed their pore and prevented ionic flow. Removing ACh from its extracellular binding sites to trigger deactivation while Zn(2+) is still bound led to tight trapping of Zn(2+) within the pore. Together with single-channel recordings, made to explore single pore-blocking events, we show that dissociation of ACh causes the gate to shut on a Zn(2+) ion that effectively acts as a "foot in the door." We infer that, upon deactivation, the cytoplasmic side of the pore of the ACh-serotonin receptor chimera constricts to close the channel.

Self-diffusion in water

Applicability of the quasicrystal concept of thermal molecular motions in normal and overcooled water has been studied. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of transition from one temporary position of vibrating molecule to another. Detailed analysis of experimental data about the dependence of the half-width of the quasielastic incoherent peak on the square of the wave vector revealed that the quasicrystal concept is applicable to the overcooled and normal states of water below T * ≈ 310 K. A new mechanism of self-diffusion in water is suggested for the temperature range T < T * corresponding to a developed net of hydrogen bonds.

Semi- Darboux motions of rational curves with equivalent trajectories

In this article we study special motions in complex projective space Pn. The motions in question are characterized by the existence of a rational curve C ⊂ Pn whose points have trajectories in proper subspaces of Pn (semi-Darboux motions of C). Our main contribution will be the characterization of semi-Darboux motions with equivalent trajectories. This text is a complement to the investigations on semi-Darboux motions of conic sections or general rational curves in [6, 7]. Furthermore, it is related to [1] and works by W. Rath on projective motions where all trajectories lie in proper subspaces of Pn (Darboux motions, see [2, 3, 4]). The equivalence of trajectories is a common topic in theoretical kinematics. It is addressed in most of the mentioned papers. Other important references include works by H. Vogler on affine motions with “many” trajectories in subspaces (see [8, 9, 10]). Usually, the criteria for the equivalence of trajectories are only sufficient As a rule of thumb, it can be guaranteed in the “general case”. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given in [3, Theorem 13] and [6, Theorem 18]. They concern smooth Darboux motions and semi-Darboux motions of conic sections. In the present article, the latter result is generalized in two aspects: We consider projective motions of rational curves of arbitrary degree and we use a more general concept of projective motions. In particular, we do not make any assumptions on the motion’s smoothness.

15NH Backbone Dynamics of Protein GB1: Comparison of Order Parameters and Correlation Times Derived Using Various “Model-Free” Approaches

A new approach that allows visualization of the distribution of motional correlation times is presented and is used to analyze 1 5 N NMR relaxation data [T 1 , T 2 , and { 1 H}- 1 5 N NOE], acquired at 500. 600, and 800 MHz, on the uniformly 1 5 N-enriched, 56 residue B1 domain from immunoglubulin protein G (GB I ). Nanosecond time scale internal motions are found for all NHs of residues in protein GB1, a finding which is consistent with the concept of hierarchical internal motions in proteins first forwarded by Frauenfelder. Order parameters and overall tumbling correlation times derived using this approach are not influenced by the number of internal motional modes. Comparatively, use of the Lipari-Szabo, Clore et al., or Lemaster model-free methods yields underestimated order parameters and overestimated overall tumbling correlation times due to the presence of nanosecond time scale internal motions. This new approach provides a straightforward way to derive more accurate order parameters and correlation times for overall tumbling and internal motions.

Transient non-uniform extensional flows realized in certain types of rheometers

The previous concept of non-uniform stagnant motions (NUSM) is applied to the analysis of steady and transient extensional flow realized in certain types of rheometers, including, in particular, the spin-line rheometer (SLR), the filament stretching rheometer (FSR) and the rotary clamp extensometer (RCE). It is shown that the corresponding approximate solutions depend on two material functions as well as on the specimen geometry. It also turns out that the transient extensional viscosity function and extensional modulus determined on the basis of quasi-elongational approximations may be overestimated or underestimated as compared with more realistic values resulting from the present considerations.

Nonstationary Electric Drifts in the Solar Atmosphere

AbstractInduced electric fields and nonstationary drift motions are considered. Nonstationary electric drifts may be important in erupting prominences, rising and shrinking coronal loops, and other phenomena in the solar atmosphere. Theoretical limitations are indicated for the concept of dominant plasma motions along magnetic field lines.

Steady non-uniform extensional motions as applied to kinematic description of polymer fibre formation

IT IS SHOWN that the concept of steady non-uniform extensional motions (NUEM) can be used for kinematic description of polymer fibre formation, taking into account the variable geometry and shearing effects. To this end, pretty general, materially non-uniform constitutive equations, depending on temperature distributions, structure formations, etc., are applied and the linearized perturbation procedure is developed. Especially simple expressions describing the additional velocity fields are obtained for the first order approximation.

A new approach to synthesizing free motions of robotic manipulators based on a concept of unit motions

A concept of unit motions and a new scheme for synthesizing free motions of robotic manipulators are proposed. Unit motions are defined as smooth primitive motions in the hand coordinate system by employing normalized uniform B-spline functions. Complex motions are then generated as a superposition of time-shifted and weighted unit motions. Corresponding to unit motions, a concept of unit control inputs is also introduced and an entire control input is then obtained in exactly the same way as complex motions are generated from unit motions. Moreover, in order to build further complex motions from simpler ones in a systematic way, operations on motions are defined including spatial, temporal and structural ones. Based on unit motions and unit control inputs, we then develop a formal method for motion planning and control for robotic manipulators. Motions are represented formally as the time series of weight vectors, or equivalently as the so-called control polygons, and the operations on motions are then regarded as operations on control polygons. Simulation examples are included to demonstrate how to generate motions from unit motions and operations, and properties of the resulting motions are also described. >