Concept Of Heterotopia Research Articles

A Modal Heterotopia: Rethinking Makam Modality and Chordal Harmony in Interwar Rebetiko

Abstract This article revisits the concepts of makam modality and chordal harmony, and argues for viewing interwar rebetiko as a musico-cultural amalgamation. I explore the transcendence of the theoretical incompatibility beyond the East–West dichotomy by employing the Foucauldian concept of heterotopia as a de-ideologised analytical tool. I conduct a case study of makam Sabâ and pertinent harmonisation on the guitar, by analysing two representative historical recordings from the 1930s and interpreting them within the contemporaneous musico-cultural context. As a result, I contend that the terms “equal-tempered makam” and “idiosyncratic harmonisation” mirror expressions of modal heterotopia within interwar rebetiko.

Lonely Times, Lonely Places: Christopher Isherwood’s Chronotopography of Loneliness

This article outlines the connections between the phenomenon of loneliness and the categories of time and space in Christopher Isherwood’s writing. Characteristically autobiographical, it reflects the author’s quest for self, including the geography of his wanderings around Europe and emigration as well as the complexities of the historical context of his life. The study starts with a discussion of loneliness as an existential issue and goes on to explore its temporal and spatial manifestations at the various levels of national, gender, and age identity, including the experience of being a foreigner in an alien sociocultural space and psychological immaturity as a specific temporal modality of emotional estrangement. The article then investigates how Isherwood uses time and space to construct narratives of historical change, in which the pre-war anxiety and the post-war consumerism are revealed through the city/nature juxtaposition. The social dimension of loneliness is analysed in terms of the Foucauldian concepts of heterotopia and heterochrony. Gay bars, hospitals, and universities alike constitute spaces of contained otherness, where time is experienced differently, reinforcing either the sense of community or social alienation. Finally, the article looks at the notion of home, which functions as a chronotope and the point of conceptual and structural organisation for the circadian novel.

Juxtaposition of English and Japanese native-speakerism: through the concept of the international university being a heterotopia

ABSTRACT Research on the native-speakerism ideology of different languages has demonstrated the unbalanced power relation created between those who are labeled as native speaker (NS) and as non-native speaker (NNS). While the research on native-speakerism has expanded beyond the English language, the juxtaposition of native-speakerism of different languages is under-explored. This study applies Foucault’s concept of heterotopia to investigate how international universities in Japan, as a heterotopia, create spatial distinguishments of English and Japanese native-speakerism and how migrant students construct native-speakerist discourses while shuffling among different spaces. The interview result demonstrates that the international university led a Vietnamese migrant to reinforce native-speakerist discourses while providing space for counter-native-speakerist discourse to occur. It also shows that counter-native-speakerist discourses emerge in spaces where native-speakerism decoupled from the neoliberal market. Unveiling the multiplicated function of the juxtaposition of different native-speakerism, this result provides clues for tackling native-speakerism in Asian multilingual contexts.

Tennessee Williams’ escapology and the heterotopia of ‘The Mysteries of the Joy Rio’

ABSTRACT Tennessee Williams’ short story ‘The Mysteries of the Joy Rio’ (1954) concerns the eponymous cinema whose darkened upper balconies have long been used for chance sexual encounters. It is a text in which sex, death and escape converge. Employing Foucault’s concept of heterotopia, this article examines Williams’ derelict movie palace as a contestational social space and argues for a political project in Williams’ literary escapism. By presenting heterotopia in fiction, Williams avoids the paradox of institutionalised alterity that clings to Foucault’s examples of real-world sites where norms are suspended. The cinema’s heterotopian dimensions are real to the characters who experience them but not to the larger social forces that oversee institutionalisation in the storyworld, let alone in reality more broadly. The characters’ heterotopian experiences, even as they are artefactually rendered and publicly communicated in the work of art, remain as fiction aloof from institutionalisation. This is what an escapologist such as Williams can offer democracy – little disruptions that it cannot appropriate and that thus keep it open.

Evaluating public spaces through the concept of other: A heterotopic approach

This study offers a critical evaluation and an alternative urban reading method for public spaces in the contemporary architectural environment by examining the presence of different identities in different spaces through the concept of heterotopia and its expansions. The exploration of heterotopia as an instrument and its methodological application in the analysis of public spaces highlights the pursuit of culturally resilient urban environments that are adaptable and meaningful for all users. Therefore, the study formulates a systematic evaluation method for public spaces by incorporating a comprehensive methodology that integrates both theoretical exploration and practical observations. The concept of heterotopia, which unfolds through parallel text–space readings, has provided the opportunity for a comparative analysis based on the differences between its definitions and the user profiles and usage practices of public spaces. This study establishes a consistent analytical framework through a meticulously crafted "seven-step view lens" derived from an extensive review of architectural discussions on heterotopias. This innovative lens categorizes heterotopias into three distinct groups according to specific criteria and contexts, facilitating a detailed examination of public spaces' diverse aspects. By systematically categorizing the identified heterotopias, the study not only deconstructs their existing narratives but also proposes transformative strategies for future design interventions. Such categorization allows for a nuanced critique and interpretation of public spaces, potentially guiding the design of urban areas that are more inclusive and reflective of societal needs. These classifications offer a fresh perspective on public spaces, revealing their potential as platforms for vibrant social interaction and cultural expression, thereby contributing to the dialogue on urban resilience. Hence, the multifaceted nature of heterotopia offers a powerful lens for understanding urban complexity, informing a shift towards inclusive, sustainable, and resilient design. Ultimately, the study highlights the role of heterotopia as a method that interrogates the production of spaces coexisting with the 'other,' unravels its dynamics, and proposes an approach for creating dynamic, inclusive, and adaptive public spaces. This study will contribute to architectural discourse by offering a new perspective on how public spaces can be designed or reimagined to accommodate and reflect the diversity and dynamism inherent in contemporary urban life and offers a pathway for crafting public spaces that are resilient to social and cultural flux while serving as platforms for diverse community engagement.

PLES KAO HETEROTOPIJA PROTIV HEGEMONISTIČKOG DISKURSA TRAUMATIČNIH ISKUSTAVA

In this paper, we explore the dance as a practice and “Other” space, a counterhegemonic space which is affected by the existing social ordering, or existing power of traumatic discourse which is some kind of imposed discourse, while simultaneously resisting it. To explore these premises we will use Michel Foucault`s concept of heterotopia and apply it on the analysis of the dance as an artistic practice and possibilities to understand dance as a heterotopia in which dominant hegemonic discourses are reversed, and as a counterhegemonic space, as authors Christofidou and Milioni, emphases, that has a potential to disrupt and deconstruct hegemonic discourses of the past traumatic experiences or events. We argue that in order to be able to heal the traumas that are engraved in the body, and to understand the body as an expression and a canvas on which a crisis is outlined, we need bodily memories and stories, both those of survival, trauma and wounds, and those of healing. We demonstrate how dance may provide a counterhegemonic space, enable the reconstruction of the place of traumatic events, that are imprinted in body, into places of communication and reconstruction of the meaning, and how can dance invite individual to reflect on their identity and connect their fragmented self. Here we emphasize the meaning of movement – dance that opens the statics of the body to kinesthetic empathy, which in turn allows us to enter the spaces of unspoken body stories. The ethics of touch, proximity, and the ethics of the space between two bodies and what in these spaces "between" means to be, to be in that "not yet" (about-to-be) lead us in this direction. We assert that our bodies are both self-constituted as well as shaped by the collective, the society and history (personal or collective), and that we know by acting, primarily through the body, in synergy with the mind and the environment (enactive approach).

Dialektika Ruang dan Identitas dalam Heterotopia Foucault dan Profilisitas Moeller-D’Ambrosio

This study aims to explore the interplay between space and the construction of identity. It employs descriptive library research methodology to elucidate the elements and aspects of both space and identity. It draws upon Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia for the understanding of space and the theory of profile formulated by Hans-Georg Moeller and Paul J. D’Ambrosio. The analysis delves into these theories and their interrelation concerning identity formation. The authors conclude that from Foucault's perspective, space can be seen as having distinctive characteristics, tied to axio-ontological components that need to be fulfilled before entering a heterotopic space. This position is then intersected with Luhmann’s second-order observation, resulting in a dynamically linked profilic identity to a particular space. This paper finds that in Foucault’s thinking, heterotopia emphasises the impossibility of space being separated into a label. Space as a site (“cultural framework”) may still be enforced by designing it to fulfill certain functions. As a consequence, it becomes increasingly difficult for these spaces to be seen as relevant to society’s way of being today. In the light of Foucault and Moeller-D’Ambrosio, the space now needs to be seen as a form of space (espace–a referential frame) that is profilic.

Unraveling Trauma and Heterotopic Spaces in Michael Ondaatje's "Anil's Ghost": A Postcolonial Exploration

The present paper explores Michael Ondaatje's novel "Anil's Ghost" through the lens of trauma theory, postcolonialism, and the concept of heterotopic spaces. As space studies examine migration, displacement, and exile, which are inherently linked to traumatic experiences, the investigation illuminates the intricate connection between heterotopic spaces and encounters with trauma, providing a valuable understanding of their interdependence. Michael Ondaatje, the acclaimed author of "Anil's Ghost", has drawn upon his own traumatic experiences of displacement and emigration in the novel. Therefore, the purpose of the research paper is to analyze how changes in space shape traumatic experiences. Spaces are integral to one's sense of place and identity, and traumatic events might disrupt this connection, leading to a profound loss of identity or a struggle to reconcile personal identity with changed or disrupted spaces. Studying the connections between trauma and space reveals a better understanding of how environments and spatial contexts impact the occurrence, perception, and recovery from traumatic events. The research contextualizes Foucault's concept of heterotopia within postcolonial distinctions in time and space, emphasizing its relevance in understanding the novel's narrative. It highlights the complexity of trauma and the challenge of reconciling historical narratives within these spaces. Employing a multidimensional methodology integrating cultural studies, trauma theory, and literary analysis, results uncover the complexities of trauma within postcolonial spaces, notably Sri Lanka, showcasing the profound impact of historical conflicts and Western interventions. Ultimately, the research concludes by recognizing the intertwined nature of trauma, history, and identity within physical and metaphorical spaces. It acknowledges the evolution of characters’ identities like Anil Tissera, who navigate their personal traumas and their nation's scars, seeking a path forward while acknowledging the weight of history. In summary, the manuscript contributes to a deeper understanding of how "Anil's Ghost" navigates the complexities of trauma, identity, and history, shedding light on the relationships between individuals, society, and historical narratives in postcolonial contexts.

The theory and praxis of mixed-use development - An integrative literature review

The study critically evaluates the theory and praxis of mixed-use development. It uses an integrative literature review design to evaluate the different conceptualisations of mixed-use development in the literature. The paper not only develops a clear categorisation of key concepts within the meta-theory, but also summarises new perspectives on the topic. Mixed-use development is theorised in terms of Jacobean and Foucauldian concepts of heterotopia and organic relations in space. The study then tracks the theoretical development of the concept in New Urbanism and Smart Growth approaches, analysing the aesthetic, social, and environmental principles of mixed-use development using idiothetic designs. The study further evaluates the nomothetic evaluation of the socioeconomic functionalities of mixed-use development in terms of social integration, housing and services distribution, travel behaviour, poverty, and crime, and local economic development using positivistic empirical analyses. Another important body of the literature is the regulative policy analyses, which critically evaluate the efficacy of top-down mixed-use policy initiatives and strategies. The study also evaluates the challenge of implementing mixed uses because of the externalities and social costs emerging from incompatible land uses and evaluates emerging research on informal mixed-use development in peri-urban settlements in the Global South.

Co-creating cultural heterotopic spaces in Airbnb

This article considers the concept of heterotopia in shared tourism accommodation. Based on an auto-ethnographic account and interviews with 27 hosts and guests of Airbnb shared spaces and their Airbnb listings, the article explains how a home with mixed statuses of accommodation and homeyness can provide transitional experiences that link the ordinary and extra-ordinary, order and disorder and conflicting cultural meanings that impact social interaction. We find that Airbnb spaces contain layers of cultural complexity that shape how hosts and guests co-create their exchanges and transition through the space. Applying the concept of heterotopia to a site that disrupts taken-for-granted notions about the ordering of space offers a dynamic view of how the peer-to-peer accommodation experience is co-created. We also develop implications for consumption and service provision within the sharing economy.

Культурное пространство как полифония

The study of cultural space involves the consideration of various areas arising from reasons of heterogeneity and various internal intentions. One example is the space of historical memory. Differences in subjective and corporate cultural spaces are noted, as well as peculiarities in various spheres of life. The concept of heterotopia is analyzed, which, in turn, is accompanied by heterochrony. A hypothesis is proposed about the structure of the content of the cultural space, consisting of meanings, values, images, texts and bodies that interact in several ways and create a variety of processes in the cultural space. The question is raised about the multiplicity of centers in which the intentions of gathering and scattering originate, creating the polarity of space.

The Estate Topos in I. A. Bunin’s Story “Sukhodol” and the Concept of Heterotopia by M. Foucault

The article analyzes the image of the manor in I. A. Bunin’s story “Sukho­dol”. The relevance of the work lies in the systematic analysis of the estate topos in “Sukhodol”, based on the theory of heterotopia, which was proposed by M. Foucault and received a new understanding in Russian philosophy of the late XX century. The article shows that the world of the estate in “Sukhodol” can be conceptualized in relation to the six characteristics of heterotopia identified by M. Foucault. This correlation allows us to state that the manor topos in Bunin’s story takes the form of a heterotopia, characterized by crisis, changeability “when the general synchronicity of culture changes”, a complex connection of disconnected spaces, “heterochrony”, “permeable impenetrability”, illusory, which clarifies reality. The image of the manor becomes the key, plot­forming image in the story. The space­time of the manor is voluminous and multidimensional. This is another evidence of the scope of Bunin’s artistic thinking, his sensitivity to the ideas and “trends” of his era.

CEHOV ÎN GRĂDINĂ: AVATARURI ALE SPAȚIULUI ÎN CĂLUGĂRUL NEGRU

If he weren't an excellent writer, Chekhov could have been an equally great gardener. The writer reflected on this idea in a letter to Mikhail Menshikov dated February 20, 1900. From the moving descriptions of the hills full of lilac in The Steppe (1887) to the desperate attempts of a family to save their orchard in The Cherry Orchard (1904), nature disturbed or completed by man is a common occurrence in Chekhov’s writing. We will attempt to read Chekhov’s natural space using filters of spatial theory (or its contingents), focusing on the garden in “The Black Monk”. We will strive to understand Chekhov's text through Foucault’s concept of heterotopia, as well as Hone’s interspaciality, while also looking at it through Soja’s theory of the three spaces, derived from the spatial perceptions proposed by Lefebvre, in an attempt to understand the multiple meanings of Pesotsky’s garden.

Heterotopia and the ‘image of Africa’: school tours and philanthropy in a Zimbabwean school

ABSTRACT Schools in southern Africa use tourism partnerships as a source for establishing philanthropic funding and philanthropic networks. In these partnerships, there is often an exchange of funds for use of the school for tourism purposes. Little is known about the influence of tourism on schools. Drawing on interviews with teachers and tourism personnel in one school that is also a tourism destination, this paper uses the concept of heterotopia to explore the spatial imagery associated with the image of Africa and how the norms of the tourism industry govern and reshape schooling. This paper contributes to our understanding of schools funded by tourism by critiquing how an image is reproduced for the tourist gaze and how schools funded by tourism become a mirror of the tourism industry.

L’Habitation de la ville: écriture de la mémoire urbaine et recomposition identitaire dans deux textes de Régine Robin

Abstract My article aims to analyse two essays by Régine Robin, Cybermigrances: traversées fugitives (2004) and Mégapolis: les derniers pas du flâneur (2009), in the light of Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia. I am interested in highlighting the concept of writing seen by the writer as a patchwork of spaces and as a protective site. I suggest theorizing it as a memorial writing or a form of urban memory creation as well as a space of identity reconstruction. According to Robin, in the experience of the nomad of surmodernity (Augé) memory is an ephemeral element, and yet memory is the most stable component in the existence of an individual in movement. The writer’s constant journeys, and the correspondences that she finds between the mega-cities that she walks through as part of her familiar routines and temporary placements, constitute for the narrator a home of memory and a space of identity (re)construction.

The heterotopia of the palace in Abdo Khal’s Throwing Sparks (2009)

This article endeavors to negotiate Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia in Abdo Khal’s Booker-Award winning novel Throwing Sparks (2009). The central premise of this article is to offer a new understanding of spatiality, constituted by the simultaneous existences of ‘other’ spaces, which can be viewed in their relations as proximate to, contradictory to, or even reflective of each other. In this novel, the Palace is a real and symbolic space and/or place which oscillates between oppressive homogeneity and individualized depravity. The Palace in Throwing Sparks is a representational temporality that embodies the demarcation and relation between the ‘private’ and the ‘public’, allowing for a new site of material spatiality. The rise of an interstitial (heterotopic) space to fill in between the public and the private is what characterizes the Palace in the novel. It allows for the emergence of a whole landscape of power politics driven by the ramifications of the space and affecting its inhabitants. Since this space is analyzable, its inhabitants are overshadowed by its grander aura. In the Palace, the body does not belong to the individual and his/her own will. It rather belongs to the ‘institutionalized’ volition of the Palace in which ‘docility’ rather than subjectivity and agency is what remains as a performative practice for the survival of its inhabitants.

Reflected Selves: The Heterotopia of Mirror in Carson McCullers’s The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

The mirror constitutes a significant image that recurs multiple times in The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, and it is mainly associated with Mick Kelly and Biff Brannon, who are reckoned in the novel grotesques in terms of sexuality. This article does not consider the mirror as something merely reflecting the subject in front of it, but as a media that occasions self-examination and self-reconstitution of the subject. It superimposes Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopias onto McCullers’s depiction of the two characters’ construction and reconstruction of subjectivity as well as their search for identification. Nonetheless, the so-called identification with the mirror image, paralleled by what Lacan observes in the mirror stage, is but a misidentification, for the mirror is in essence a heterotopia of illusion.

BEYOND PHYSICAL BOUNDARIES: THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL RENDERING ON SPATIAL IDENTITY

This research investigates the concept of spatial identity by examining its definitions and Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, as well as Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia, to explore the relationship between the physical and digital worlds. To analyze the concept of spatial digital identity, we conducted a literature review of academic articles and case studies that focus on the intersection of digital technology and spatial identity. Using a thematic approach, we identified key themes regarding the influence of digital technology on physical spaces and its impact on spatial identity. Through a case study of Times Square, we examined the role of the digital world in shaping spatial identity, paying particular attention to the impact of urban screens, social media, online interactions, and digital applications. The study highlights the importance of considering the digital world in the planning, design, and use of public spaces, as it plays a critical role in shaping their spatial identity. Finally, the research highlights the importance of being aware of the impact of the digital world on spatial identity in order to develop a comprehensive and integrated approach to the design of public spaces in the contemporary world.

Subtle activism: Heterotopic principles for unsettling contemporary academia from within

Research on academic activism tends to foreground vociferous and explicit forms of activism that pursue predefined political agendas. Against this backdrop, this article proposes that academic activism can take more subtle forms. Writing as an academic activist collective, we unpack what subtle activism might look like within the context of contemporary academia. We use Foucault’s concept of heterotopia to argue that subtle activism can expand the space of what is possible in academia today by experimenting with quietly unsettling norms rather than overtly opposing or rejecting them. We offer a set of principles that might underpin a subtle activist agenda, extrapolated from practices from colleagues and from own activist collective. We hope that these principles may serve to inspire other academics wishing to engage in subtle activism by unsettling everyday practices that discreetly challenge the status quo, thereby contributing to gently shifting the agenda for how it is possible to conduct intellectual work in the contemporary neoliberal university context.

Juxtaposition, fragmentation, discontinuité – passage(s) d’un espace à un autre. L’œuvre d’art comme dispositif hétérotopique ?

From the concept of heterotopia, and in the light of a personal artistic practice, this article proposes an investigation of space and place, of the passage from one space to another which makes it possible to rewrite the world in new other space. As an artist-researcher, my artistic production revolves around hybrid objects, paintings-objects, assemblages-simulacra, and narrative ready-mades, which explore various hanging systems, from the base integrated into the work, to suspension, up to being displayed on the floor or on the wall. A protean work which is characterized by the production of spaces that could be qualified as heterotopic, since each of the works invites a distancing and a heterotopic experience, like each installation forms a discontinuous space, a place welcoming events and reflections: spaces for autonomous experiences. Also, artwork and installation devices can be understood as “other spaces,” since the representation of space necessarily generates the question of heterotopia, through the notion of juxtaposition, fragmentation, and discontinuity: the essential characteristics of visual arts language.