Geographic Information Systems Concepts Research Articles

Web-based agricultural infrastructure digital twin system integrated with GIS and BIM concepts

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are currently used in agriculture to represent various farming-related geographical information. While prior research has highlighted the potential of GIS in visualizing agricultural data, it still faces limitations in terms of model quality, interaction capabilities, and representing detailed topographic information, particularly in hydrological structures like culverts, irrigation systems, and drainage facilities. A method integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) concepts with GIS is proposed to overcome these limitations. To achieve this, information on agricultural infrastructure in beneficiary areas was collected through field surveys and photos captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Subsequently, a digital twin model was created with various characteristics and information about agricultural hydraulic structures such as land shape, sluices, and channels of the entire beneficiary area of the test bed (Heungeop reservoir in the City of Wonju, Gangwon Province, South Korea) based on this information. A web-based geographic information visualization platform (Cesium) was integrated with the concepts of BIM to check the information associated with the selected 3D agricultural infrastructure models in a pop-up window. The proposed method overcomes the limitations of existing GIS information representation by enabling a detailed depiction of the agricultural environment. It allows for an intuitive understanding of information such as structural features, details of the material, history of maintenance, year of completion, etc., on agricultural infrastructure through a pop-up window, providing a foundation for research on efficient management and planning.

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are special class of information systems which combine spatial and non-spatial information systems within a single system. It is a type of information system that collects, stores, retrieves, analyzes and displays geographically referenced and attribute data simultaneously. GIS is a decision tool that helps decision makers and facilitate decision making process. The usage of GIS for land problems began about 1960s, but application of it to sea problem was in the 1980s. Marine GIS gained a substantial significance in the 1990s with the emergence and popularity of Earth System Science.The aim of this study is to examine the usage of GIS in marine areas and to highlight the importance of GIS technology for marine applications. All of these concepts were examined in a theoretical framework in the study. So the method of the study is a literature review. With the literature review, the concept of GIS and its application in marine areas were tried to be explained. After reviewing literature it is concluded that marine GIS can give different perspectives to marine scientists for solving marine-related problems and facilitating decision making process.

RIS3D: A Referenced Information System in 3D

3D Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Building Information Modeling (BIM),… These words are increasingly used for Cultural Heritage studies to refer to the necessity to connect heterogeneous data with a 3D model. In this article, we introduce and formalize the notion of RIS3D (Referenced Information System in 3D), which extends the concept of GIS to 3D supports and generalizes it. For this purpose, we propose a generic and modular client-server approach that brings the required flexibility, extendibility, and sustainability to deal with heterogeneous data. For queries and their visualization in a 3D environment, we push forward the notions of layers and markers. We also provide the readers with our technical choices that allowed us to develop our own implementation of a RIS3D solution. We demonstrate it on a real-case scenario: the preservation of the Lascaux painted cave where our solution has been deployed and is in use. The proposed notion and generic architecture of RIS3D, its implementation, and its deployment show the suitability of such an approach and its potential applications.

Analisis Keterlanjuran Ruang Lingkungan Universitas Muhammdiyah Gorontalo

Reviewing spatial planning is a must in planning and regional development, besides that, it is also to obtain information related to the suitability of the use of space that has been used. Spatial planning assessment can be based on a tendency towards spatial use and based on land use and spatial function. Techniques and kali have been carried out using spatial analysis with the concept of geographic information systems that cannot be separated from the research parameters used. The method used is a mixed method that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method functions to produce numerical data so that it can be interpreted into a narrative, while qualitative methods are used to describe either numerical data, tables, pictures, or maps into useful narrative information based on the results of the research that has been done. The purpose of this study is to see the progress in the implementation of space suitability in the campus environment of the Muhammadiyah University of Gorontalo. The result of the research shows that the campus area can be classified based on the length of space, which includes the appropriate area in the built area of 1,81537 ha, the undeveloped area of 7,23050 ha and the unsuitable area is in the built area of 0.04513 ha. In addition to producing information related to space suitability, the research results also provide recommendations regarding the plan to use campus space as an alternative for future development.

The Teachers Teaching Teachers GIS Institute: Assessing the Effectiveness of a GIS Professional Development Institute

The authors assessed eight years of a national professional development institute focused on providing geographic information systems (GIS) teaching and technical skills for educators, titled Teachers Teaching Teachers GIS (T3G). Through a survey (N = 276 [out of a total population of 450]), the authors determined that the institute generally met its goals of equipping educators so that they could (1) teach GIS concepts and skills for their peers, (2) create GIS-based curricula, and (3) communicate the value of GIS to other disciplines. Over the eight years that the institute ran in a face-to-face format, the institute reflected broad changes in GIS technology and methods, including the transition from desktop to Web-based GIS and the movement to shorter lessons. Our study also revealed challenges and benefits of this model of professional development and broader issues of adoption of GIS in primary, secondary, university, and informal areas of education. These revelations allowed us to expose and evaluate strategies to advance the implementation and effectiveness of the use of GIS in instruction.

DISTRIBUTION TREN OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL AS ORIGIN SCHOOL OF COLLEGE STUDENT STIKOM BALI BASE GIS

GIS (Geographic Information System) is an information system that can store and integrate spatial data and non-spatial data can be used for interactive mapping of STIKOM Student School origin in Denpasar. During this time the spread of origin of high school / vocational school / equivalent STIKOM Bali students has never been mapped to find out the trend of increase or decrease in the number of origin of STIKOM Bali student schools from 2013-2018 and predict the number of students in accordance with the origin of schools in the city of Denpasar. This study aims to provide information to the management of STIKOM Bali regarding the distribution trends of the interests of prospective students to continue to tertiary level, especially STIKOM Bali. This research will collaborate between statistical science and the concept of GIS (Geographic Information System). Statistically the number of STIKOM Bali students is based on the origin of schools in Denpasar City and predicts it for the next 3 years using a trend analysis of semi-average methods (Semi Average Methods) as a material for evaluating the performance of STIKOM Bali management in improving the performance of campus promotions. This method makes trends by finding the average group of data which consists of grouping data into 2 parts, calculating average arithmetic, calculating the difference, formulating the value of change and making equations for subsequent trends. The results of these calculations are mapped with the concept of GIS (Geographic Information System) using ArcView as software to implement that integrates spatial data with non-spatial data.

Socio-economics and management of Muslim cemetery waqf using istibdal and GIS method in Penang state

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to implement the istibdal waqf concept using a geographical information system (GIS) for the benefit of socio-economics and Muslim cemetery waqf management. GIS is a technique that provides clearer, precise and faster access to a location based on actual space data. It attempts to analyze the area that one wishes to develop to establish whether it fulfills the criteria set for istibdal.Design/methodology/approachThis research was conducted qualitatively. The study begins with the development of the concept of istibdal waqf and the concept of GIS. The concept was developed by conducting a literature review of books, articles, newspapers, fatwa and circulars related to istibdal waqf and GIS. After the concept was formed, field studies were conducted on two mosques, namely, Jamek Jelutong Mosque and Masjid Jamek Sungai Nibong because both mosques have gravesites located within their compound. To obtain information on the problems faced by the mosques Jemaah community, researchers have interviewed the Mosque Committee Members and Jemaah Community in both mosques using the unstructured interviewing method. This process is essential in managing both material and spiritual for sustaining socio-economics of the society.FindingsThe results showed that by applying GIS technique could identify new land locations according to the criteria set by istibdal. Additionally, new location environments found through the GIS application can be viewed more clearly and accurately than using the manual method. The findings also revealed that some of the mosque managers and the heirs of the waqf grave land were not open-minded in accepting the istibdal concept of the grave that had been allowed by the Syarak until the process of expanding the mosque was affected. The study also found that the maslahah consideration was considered between doing istibdal waqf and not doing istibdal waqf, the maslahah of doing istibdal waqf is greater because general (umum) maslahah should be prioritized compared to the special (khusus) maslahah. In addition, this effort can appreciate the morality and ethics of waqf donors to donate their wealth or properties for benefit of society.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only focuses on Muslim cemetery waqf in Penang Island.Practical implicationsThis study is expected to benefit both material and spiritual where Muslim cemetery site can be developed for expanding mosque site and consequently able to accommodate the increasing of Muslim using the mosque.Originality/valueThis study proposes the transformation of the concept of istibdal waqf from the traditional methods to modern and advanced methods using the GIS application. The study also demonstrates how the software for solving the real problem can be used, i.e. the problem of a limited mosque space for sharing space with a cemetery in Penang.

Evaluation of the critical level of mangrove ecosystems using Spatial Technology in East Aceh Coastal Areas

Coastal zones are areas that are vulnerable to ecological damage. One type of ecosystem that is vulnerable to damage in coastal zones is mangroves. The coastal area of East Aceh is one of the areas where the existence of mangrove ecosystems has a high level of criticality. The level of criticality of mangroves in the area is caused by various factors such as exploitation of natural resources, physical development such as residential areas, and conversion of land to other designation areas without considering to the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems. By utilization of Landsat 8 and Bing Map Imagery satellite image data using the concept of geographic information systems, the extent of mangrove forest and its critical level can be inventoried. Determination of the critical level of mangrove forests was carried out by referring to the mangrove inventory guidelines issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry in 2005. The results of data processing showed that the critical level of mangrove forests reached 4,200.02 hectares in severely damaged conditions, 7,286.93 hectares in damaged condition, and 9.704, 01 hectares are not damaged. Based on these results, forest management efforts are needed through the method of rehabilitating mangrove forests toimprove the condition of heavily damaged mangrove forests.

STUDYING THE THEME "GEO INFORMATION SYSTEMS" THROUGH LITERARY WORKS

The article discusses the concept of geographic information system and the presentation of the relevant theme in school textbooks on informatics. A variant of the lesson in the quest format, in which students study the topic through literary works is describes.

On the Application of Coefficient of Anisotropy as an Index of Groundwater Potential in a Typical Basement Complex of Ado Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria

This paper examines the application of the Dar Zarrouk parameter, the Coefficient of Anisotropy to Groundwater Potential Evaluation in a typical Basement Complex Terrain of Ado-Ekiti Southwest, Nigeria. A regional Geoelectric Depth sounding was carried out across the metropolis using the Schlumberger electrode array. Resistivity-depth image in terms of layer thickness and resistivity was used to compute the Coefficients of Anisotropy for the VES locations occupied. Thematic maps of the geoelectric parameters were generated using the Concept of Geographical Information System (GIS). Comparative Map Analysis revealed that a range of 1.3 to 1.6 Anisotropy values was observed across the zones characterized by thick overburden, Weathered Basement Thickness in excess of 25m, low weathered basement resistivity, fractured bedrock and basement depressions in the study area. Anisotropy values ranging from 1.8 to 2.8 were observed across the basement ridges and zones characterized by thin overburden, Weathered Basement Thickness of generally less than 15m and Weathered Basement resistivity greater than 1500 Ω-m with least groundwater potential. The regions of Anisotropy values ranging from 1.3 to 1.6 are demarcated as high groundwater potential zones. Areas characterized by higher Anisotropy values can be associated with low porosity and permeability with less hydro geological appeal.

Complex analysis and monitoring of the environment based on earth sensing data

We study a problem of complex analysis and monitoring of the environment based on Earth Sensing Data, with the emphasis on the use of hyperspectral images (HSI), and propose a solution based on developing algorithmic procedures for HSI processing and storage. HSI is considered as a two-dimensional field of pixel signatures. Methods are proposed for evaluating the similarity of a HSI pixel signature with a reference signature, via simple alignment transformations: identical; amplitude scaling; shift along y-axis; and a combination of the last two. A clustering / recognition method with self-learning is proposed, which determines values of the transformation parameters that ensure the alignment of the current pixel signature with the reference signature. Similarity with the reference is determined by a standard deviation value. A HSI compression method with controlled losses has been proposed. The method forms a basis via accumulating reference signatures and represents the rest of the signatures by parameters matching them with the already detected class-reference signature. In an experiment with the GSI f100520t01p00-12 data of the AVIRIS spectrometer, the method provided a 2 % loss and compression coefficients of the original HSI ranging from 43 to 165 for various types of alignment transformation, while not requiring archiving and thus maintaining active access to the HSI and using the list of references as an analogue of the HSI palette. An algorithm for the formation of dense groups of detectable objects (for example, oil spots) and their nonconvex contouring, controlled by 4 parameters, is proposed. A pilot version of the concept of geographic information system (GIS) and an appropriate database management system (DBMS) was built and implemented, which provides monitoring and is based on the prioritized processing and storage of the HSI, which serve as a data source for the system. A laboratory complex with new algorithms for processing and storing the GSE is introduced into the structure of the system.

Design of geographic information system for tracer study

Geographic information systems are a computer-based information system that uses spatial data and provides information about survey results, conducted by Tracer Study. The aim of this article is to design a geographic information system of tracer study in which it can present job vacancies’ information needed by the alumni and data of alumni’s feedback (such as job-searching, work environments, college contributions, and utilization of competence acquisition during lectures) needed by the universities. The methodology used in this article is an object-oriented methodology with Unified Software Development Process (USDP) approach as well as Unified Modelling Language (UML) modelling, in which this article is limited to the stage of the design model. The result of this research is a concept of geographic information system of tracer study that is needed to accommodate the needs of alumni’s job-searching and to facilitate Tracer Study in universities

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PETA DIGITAL BERBASIS OPENSTREETMAP DI SMU PRISMA MANADO

One of the responsibilities of universities as stipulated in the Tridharma of college is the academic responsibility, including in this responsibility is to follow the development of science. The form of lecturer's responsibility in implementing the college Tridharma for the benefit of society is the dedication to society. Community service is considered necessary as ameans to bridge the campus with the community. As the realization of the implementation of community service for lecturers Geography is an effort to improve the ability of educators, especially students who learn Geography subjects where, learning certain Geography materials have been very dynamic. Learning new materials in the field of geography,especially in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which can now integrate to obtain information or new theory. To improve students' ability in the field of Geography study at SMU, it is deemed necessary for lecturers of geography to conduct training for students in high school which is packaged in community service or science and technologypackage for the community (IbM) by lecturer of Geography Faculty of Social Sciences (FIS), State Manado State University. During the preparation for one month, also prepared the trainers and the device. Equipment used in the form of Global Positioning System (GPS),stationery, and computer equipment and software for demonstration drawing maps. The approach method used in this activity is a pragmatic-thematic practical approach and a theoretical pragmatic approach. The lecture method is necessary because the concept is an entirely new subject for the participants. After the participants are familiar with the basic concepts of Geographic Information System, there is a question and answer session to deepen the material. The method of learning in this activity is by the method of practice, assignment, and reporting results. Evaluation of learning outcomes can be seen from thepracticum report conducted by the participants.

Real-time Geographic Information System (GIS) for Monitoring the Area of Potential Water Level Using Rule Based System

Management of water resources based on Geographic Information System can provide substantial benefits to water availability settings. Monitoring the potential water level is needed in the development sector, agriculture, energy and others. In this research is developed water resource information system using real-time Geographic Information System concept for monitoring the potential water level of web based area by applying rule based system method. GIS consists of hardware, software, and database. Based on the web-based GIS architecture, this study uses a set of computer that are connected to the network, run on the Apache web server and PHP programming language using MySQL database. The Ultrasound Wireless Sensor System is used as a water level data input. It also includes time and geographic location information. This GIS maps the five sensor locations. GIS is processed through a rule based system to determine the level of potential water level of the area. Water level monitoring information result can be displayed on thematic maps by overlaying more than one layer, and also generating information in the form of tables from the database, as well as graphs are based on the timing of events and the water level values.

On open access, data mining and plant conservation in the Circumpolar North with an online data example of the Herbarium, University of Alaska Museum of the North

With the advent of global online data sharing initiatives, few limits remain to using the treasure troves of museum data for biodiversity and conservation. The University of Alaska Museum Herbarium is fully online with metadata. Over 260 000 specimens representing the largest collection of Alaska plants anywhere can be data mined. We found that most specimens were collected through the National Park Service’s Inventory and Monitoring program at Denali National Park and Preserve. The majority of specimens were collected along roads, trails, coastline, or waterways, while high-altitude, remote, and pristine sampling locations are underrepresented still. Actual field efforts varied over the years, peaking in the late 1980s. From 1 to 400 specimens were collected per sampling location, and on average 40 species were obtained per collection event at a unique location. Our analysis presents a first data mining inventory of such open access data allowing for a rapid assessment, quality control, and predictive modeling involving automated high-performing machine learning algorithms and mapping analysis using open geographic information systems concepts. Our research sets a first template for more investigations in the Arctic and we briefly compare with selected specimen details from adjacent landscapes such as the Russian Far East, Canada, and the Circumpolar North.

The CENDARI infrastructure in GIS-based historical research

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a way of using already existing archival resources in the geographic information system (GIS).Design/methodology/approachThe essence of the methodology used was to identify semantic relations of archival documents with geographical space and develop their metadata into spatially related metadata, ready to use in GIS and to join geographical names occurring in these metadata with exact places to which they were related to. Research was based on two digital collections from the Library of Contemporary History in Stuttgart on-line service. These collections were related to the First World War and they included metadata prepared in MAB standard.FindingsAs the results of the research, two sample metadata sets related to posters and ration coupons were developed. Thesauruses of coordinates of places and regions mentioned in documents metadata in different semantic context were also created. To complete the methodology, the assumptions of the GIS structure and concept of applying metadata in them, have been proposed.Research limitations/implicationsThe research also presents limitations in effective implementation of the proposed solutions, which lie mainly in lack of rules and consequences in recording geographical names in metadata.Originality/valueThe value of the proposed solution is easy way of using already existing data in GIS and possibilities of gathering, managing, presenting and analyzing archives with one parameter more than in traditional databases – with spatial information. The added value and an effective use of already collected data lies in the strong recommendation of defining and implementation of rules for recording geographical names in archival documents metadata. This will help in a wide use of collected data in any spatial-based solutions as well as in automation of process of joining archives with geographical space, and finally in dissemination of collected resources.

A suggested framework and guidelines for learning GIS in interdisciplinary research

Interdisciplinary research with geographic information systems (GIS) can be rewarding as researchers from different disciplines have the opportunity to create something novel. GIS, though, is known to be difficult to use and learn. It is imperative for its successful use in projects that those who need to use GIS are able to learn it quickly and easily. To better support interdisciplinary research with GIS, it is necessary to understand what researchers with interdisciplinary experience wanted to use it for and how they learned it. The aim would be to advise geography educators on creating learning resources that could compliment or supplement existing learning approaches used by interdisciplinary researchers to improve the learning experience and uptake of GIS. This article explores the results from an online survey and interviews conducted between July 2014 and August 2015 with participants from the UK, the US and Europe on how interdisciplinary researchers learned GIS and which resources and platforms were utilised. Guidelines and a framework are presented, modifying the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge framework, incorporating informal and context‐based learning and GIS concepts from the Geographic Information Science and Technology Body of Knowledge. Findings show that interdisciplinary researchers want to use GIS to capture, analyse and visualise information; they largely use informal learning approaches (e.g. internet searches, watching a video, ask a more experienced person); and they predominantly use ArcGIS, QGIS and web GIS platforms. Future work suggests resources use contextually relevant learning activities and bear in mind nuances of disciplinary language.

An information model for managing multi-dimensional gridded data in a GIS

Earth observation agencies like NASA and NOAA produce huge volumes of historical, near real-time, and forecasting data representing terrestrial, atmospheric, and oceanic phenomena. The data drives climatological and meteorological studies, and underpins operations ranging from weather pattern prediction and forest fire monitoring to global vegetation analysis. These gridded data sets are distributed mostly as files in HDF, GRIB, or netCDF format and quantify variables like precipitation, soil moisture, or sea surface temperature, along one or more dimensions like time and depth. Although the data cube is a well-studied model for storing and analyzing multi-dimensional data, the GIS community remains in need of a solution that simplifies interactions with the data, and elegantly fits with existing database schemas and dissemination protocols. This paper presents an information model that enables Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to efficiently catalog very large heterogeneous collections of geospatially-referenced multi-dimensional rasters—towards providing unified access to the resulting multivariate hypercubes. We show how the implementation of the model encapsulates format-specific variations and provides unified access to data along any dimension. We discuss how this framework lends itself to familiar GIS concepts like image mosaics, vector field visualization, layer animation, distributed data access via web services, and scientific computing. Global data sources like MODIS from USGS and HYCOM from NOAA illustrate how one would employ this framework for cataloging, querying, and intuitively visualizing such hypercubes. ArcGIS—an established platform for processing, analyzing, and visualizing geospatial data—serves to demonstrate how this integration brings the full power of GIS to the scientific community.

Curriculum Design for Upper- and Advanced-Level GIS Classes: Are New Skills being Taught and Integrated?

Geographic Information System (GIS) skills are increasingly marketable across a wide range of industries, subject areas and specialized fields. As a result, GIS courses draw students from a plethora of disciplines beyond geography, including business, social sciences, agriculture, geology, natural resources and computer science. At advanced teaching levels, this disciplinary diversity generates questions about how complex GIS skills are being taught to students who do not necessarily have a background in geography or the spatial sciences. This study compares undergraduate and graduate course curricula to determine what topics, techniques and theory are being addressed and prioritized in GIS courses across pedagogical levels. We surveyed 1,698 courses being taught at 126 research universities in the United States. Our findings point towards a shift in pedagogy that favours technique- or application-centred lessons at advanced levels that require less background knowledge in geography than more theory-centred teaching methods. Our findings also suggest that a large number of graduate courses, even introductory courses ones, fail to address many fundamental GIS concepts and theories. Together, the results suggest a need for standards to ensure that students enrolled in GIS classes are properly trained to enter the workforce with appropriate skills.

Geographic Information System Concept of Operations as a First Step Toward Total Enterprise Asset Management: Metro-North Commuter Railroad Case Study

For this enterprise geographic information system (GIS), Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company adopted the concept of operations (ConOps) process to define goals and objectives, inventory existing GIS assets, analyze data gaps, determine “as is” and “to be” business processes, define staffing and resource requirements and project initiatives, and provide a road map for a comprehensive, companywide GIS deployment. In contrast to the top-down approach typically employed in total enterprise asset management (TEAM) planning, Metro-North used a dynamic grassroots approach, holding 14 workshops, which were attended by 92 employees and were designed to collect GIS goals and objectives. The 122 goals generated from this process were distilled into eight companywide goals. These goals included increased efficiency, data sharing, and decision support. Initiatives were developed for five critical business areas that had the potential for demonstrating how enterprise GIS could help Metro-North accomplish its companywide and broader organizational goals. These pilot applications included visualizing straight-line diagrams, integrating property boundary data, retrieving drawings from the capital programs plan room, visualizing train tracking and delays, and visualizing ridership and demographics. This paper shows how a ConOps process could be used in railroad environments to think through GIS-related issues and to define concrete technology projects that provide tangible benefits to user departments and allow them to manage their assets and business issues. Although the focus of this study was on non-asset-related operations within the railroad, the ConOps process offers a user-centric systems planning approach that could be applied to TEAM efforts within the railroad industry or to the planning of corporate initiatives in any business environment.