Deployment Concept Research Articles

Methodology of deployment of dependable FPGA based artificial intelligence as a service

The subject of study in this article is the models, methods, and principles of organization of entire lifecycle of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a Service implemented with the use of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The purpose of this work is the improvement of the methodology of the deployment of dependable FPGA-based Artificial Intelligence as a Service by creating a complex of mutually agreed concept, principles, models, and methods considering the specifics of the use of heterogeneous computations of Artificial Intelligence and the possibility of realizing the unified protection of FPGA implementations. Tasks: to clarify the taxonomy of the dependability term within the proposed methodology; to propose the concept of deployment of dependable FPGA-based heterogeneous computations of Artificial Intelligence as a Service; to formulate the principle of tracing changes in FPGA projects and integrated environments during the entire lifecycle; to formulate the principle of unification of protection of FPGA implementations of heterogeneous computing of Artificial Intelligence as a Service; to formulate the principle of the product-service assessment of the availability of FPGA as a Service; and to discuss the promising directions of heterogeneous computations of AI. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The existing concepts of dependable systems deployment are discussed. The concept of the deployment of computations of Artificial Intelligence as a Service, which is obtained based on the improvement of paradigms of the creation and deployment of dependable systems and services, is proposed. The principle of tracing of changes, which assumes the updating of requirements during the lifecycle of FPGA projects, is proposed. The principle of the unification of protection, which combines and joins the consideration of various unique features of the FPGA instance to protect the implementation and the set of cyberthreats for the service as a whole, is proposed. The principle of the product-service assessment, which considers parameters and indicators of availability, is proposed. The perspective of the progress of non-electronic mediums for heterogeneous computations with the use of a photonic implementations of Artificial Intelligence computations to ensure improved performance and reduced energy consumption is discussed. Conclusions. One of the main contributions of this research is that in the proposed methodology, the set of principles, models, and methods of deployment of Artificial Intelligence as a Service under conditions of changing requirements and integrated environments, and the need for mechanism of licensing protection of each instance of the system are developed, which allows to reduce model uncertainty by considering various stages of the lifecycle of dependable FPGA implementation using heterogeneous computations.

Concept of deployment of military stationary logistic infrastructure in the rear area of activities

Concept of deployment of military stationary logistic infrastructure in the rear area of activities

Prioritizing Actions for Improving the Social Economic Wellbeing in Malaysia Based on Quality Function Deployment Methods

The Malaysia economic had significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for the poorest 40% of the population (B40). Numbers of improvement programs had been outlined by the Malaysia government to improve B40’s social economic wellbeing (SEW). The success of the SEW improvement program is rest on how the programs are prioritized based on SEW needs. Empirical review found that the concept of prioritization for SEW improvement remains ambiguous. There is lack of research on structured approach for the identification and prioritization of SEW improvement actions. Hence, based on the concept of Quality Function Deployment (QFD), this research explores how SEW improvements could be identified and prioritized via a new Social-economic wellbeing Actions Deployment (SEAD) framework. Based on SEAD framework, qualitative data was collected through Expert Opinion Assessment (EOA) and Focus Group discussion among 10 social economic experts. Feedback from the experts was analyzed by Kendall Rank analysis and Grounded Theory approach. Finding from this research reveals that besides government factors (i.e. Government policy and strategy for B40), the roles played by B40 individual (i.e. B40 individual adaptive, absorptive and transformation capability) and industry (i.e. Industry Policy and Program for B40) are also crucial for the improvement of SEW. This research delivers an important message for policy makers to place SEW improvement focus across all stakeholders within the SEW ecosystem, including B40 individual and industry. The research also extends the knowledge of SEW improvement framework by the introduction of SEAD framework as the structured approach for SEW identification and prioritization. Keywords: Social economic, Wellbeing, Prioritization, Quality function deployment.

Efficient Deployment of Machine Learning Models in Manufacturing and Industrial Environments using ROS

This paper presents a deployment concept that aims to overcome the challenges in the implementation of Machine Learning (ML) models in manufacturing and industrial environments. In these contexts, robots are not typically viewed as production machines. However, the potential for applying advanced techniques such as condition monitoring extends beyond production lines to encompass robotic systems. As a result, there arises a need for a modular solution that integrates into the existing ecosystem while accommodating the requirements of robotic environments. By embracing modularity and interoperability, our proposed deployment concept not only addresses the challenges specific to industrial robotics but also fosters a holistic approach to enhancing operational efficiency and performance in diverse manufacturing settings.For this, an easily customizable and adjustable system that handles both data acquisition and data transfer is needed. By using the Robot Operating System (ROS) for all necessary data handling, we achieve a highly modular, efficient, and easy-to-use low-code deployment pipeline. Our approach splits the different processing steps into separate nodes and automatically sets up all necessary communication channels, achieving high interchangeability and a quick time-to-deploy. The approach is explained in detail and demonstrated for the real use case of deploying models to monitor handling robots.

Mapping of potential work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Junrejo community health center

The International Labor Organization states that controlling work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program to protect labour rights and promote a work environment according to the concept of Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD). This study aims to map the potential for WMSDs in the Junrejo Community Health Center environment. The study used the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire presented using data triangulation. The NBM results showed an average score of 32.54. This value informs that workers in the Junrejo community health centre environment have a low risk of WMSDs or do not yet need priority action.

Empowering Accessibility: BLE Beacon-Based IoT Localization

The Internet of Things (IoT) localization empowers smart infrastructures of buildings to deliver advanced services to users leveraging mobile devices. In this context, in order to enhance the mobility of people with disabilities on the university campus, a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon-based indoor system was developed. Particular emphasis was placed on selection of the beacon for the designed application, which was performed on the basis of the energy demand characteristics at the assumed power settings and time intervals of the emitted signal. The paper also focuses on various concepts of transmitter deployment inside buildings of the campus in order to demonstrate possible configurations in which the IoT localization will work correctly. Based on experimental determination of the signal strength reaching users’ mobile devices, the best arrangement of the system was proposed. However, the dependence of the calculated distance between the interrogated beacon and the mobile device as a function of the received signal strength is a non-deterministic function of many factors; thus, only an approximate position can be designated on the performed measurements. Nevertheless, the BLE beacon-based system, supported by additional localization algorithms integrated into the user’s mobile software, can be useful for the applications in question.

Coverage Improvements for Sub-Terahertz Systems Under Shadowing Conditions

Radio propagation in the millimeter wave and sub-terahertz domain is heavily affected by shadowing conditions. The communication link is blocked without any additional technical means being used. Coverage improvements can be provided by using reflectors, RIS arrays, and repeaters to direct radio waves around corners or obstacles. These concepts show different performance and complexity levels affecting their network deployment. This paper investigates the achievable radio range or the received power to compare specific deployment concepts under realistic propagation conditions. Overall, the repeater solution provides either the largest radio range or the lowest necessary total transmit power compared to reflectors or RIS arrays and, thereby, is the most sustainable approach. A RIS array requires an additional centralized signal processing capacity for calculating optimized RIS settings and results in the highest level of network deployment complexity.

Operational Concepts for Urban Air Mobility deployment in the next decades

Urban Air Mobility development and deployment into future cities is gaining increasing and relevant interest in the last years, as a new mobility form suitable to meet the future greener, scalable and efficient mobility targets needed to solve the issues today’s big cities are facing in terms of traffic congestion as well as related environmental consequences. In this framework, the ASSURED UAM (Acceptance, Safety and Sustainability Recommendations for Efficient Deployment of UAM) project has been funded by H2020 and is ongoing, with the main objective of providing cities with knowledge concerning deployment of UAM services and definition of necessary standards and recommendations assuring common acceptance, safety and sustainability within integrated metropolitan transport system for three time horizons (2025, 2030 and 2035). In the project, dedicated activities have been carried out to develop operational concepts for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) deployment in the next decades. The main results from these activities are presented in this paper, which namely includes the main project outcomes in terms of: the identification of the most relevant and promising technologies that can enable the UAM implementation over the next decades, taking into account the current technological trends and perspectives; the outline of the regulatory framework in which the UAM will be shaped in the next decades; the definition of the most relevant aspects and constraints affecting the UAM deployment from the point of view of integration of such new mobility form in the cities infrastructures; the outline of the foreseen UAM concept of operations and definition of the most relevant use case that are expected to be implemented in the cities over the three time horizons considered in the project, i.e. 2025, 2030 and 2035.

A Deployable Wideband Differential-Fed Dual-Polarized Patch Antenna Array

In this paper, a deployable wideband differential-fed dual-polarized high-isolation patch antenna array is proposed. To achieve dual polarization, every element has two pairs of differential ports. Because of the differential design, the couplings from the adjacent ports (the other pair of ports) are canceled and high isolation between the two polarization is achieved. In addition, capacitive feeds are applied to enhance the bandwidth. By integrating with two planar Marchand baluns, the two pairs of the differential ports are excited for dual polarization. Then, the wideband dual-polarization patch antenna element is expanded to a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna array for better gain. In order to achieve deployment, we present a novel foldable mechanism suitable for low-frequency patch antenna array, which is different from the conventional design on the flexible printed board. The deployment concept is presented. One prototype is fabricated and measured. Its operating band is from 1.15 GHz to 1.35 GHz. The peak gains of the two polarizations are 14.4 dBi and 14.1 dBi respectively.

Quality function deployment analysis of smartphones

To utilize the concept of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and apply it accordingly to address the design decisions concerning the quality of cellular phones by building the simplified version of House of Quality (HoQ). Real customer requirements (CRs) are easier to collect when QFD is employed because it puts the emphasis where it should be on the customer and their demands. After getting various users’ opinions on various smartphone brands and brainstorming among the group and conducted an online survey with mobile users in Taichung, Taiwan, the study highlights the items preferred by most of the users such as long-lasting battery, high quality camera, reliable, wide screen, easy to use, and lightweight. It aids businesses in translating CRs to the primary design requirements (DRs) so that it may create superior goods that are in line with consumer demands.

Integration of origami and deployable concept in volumetric modular units

Modular building systems (MBS) and Origami are two emerging methods used in current construction practice. Origami is directly associated with the principles of the ancient Japanese art of paper folding, characterised by high morphological possibilities and ultimately creates foldable structures with tuneable mechanical properties. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the structural behaviour of origami for architectural engineering applications. MBS is a volumetric prefabricated construction technique enhancing productivity in construction. In this paper, a modular unit is designed which employs origami techniques. The roof and floor panels of the modular units formed with steel joists were substituted with origami sandwich panels, while corner posts were substituted with origami columns. The origami-like foldable system demonstrated superior efficiency in constructability, being highly compact during transportation and requiring few operations for the in-situ installation. The structural performances of the developed and foldable modular units were assessed through finite element analysis. It was found that, without increasing the self-weight of the system, the design of origami-like modular units can be tuned for high structural performances and various structural sizes, which can impact the usability of space and the aesthetics of architecture. While this is a preliminary study and physical testing is needed, the positive results open the possibility of exploring highly deployable modular structures of novel shapes that can be employed during post-disaster and emergencies (Covid-19).

New String Deployment Concept Extends Operational Limits for Megareach Interventions

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 22577, “Extending the Operational Limits To Target Megareach Interventions With Coiled Tubing: A Study of the First 40,000-ft-Long CT String Deployment Using Uniquely Engineered Energy Transportation Solutions,” by Karan Kaul, Nicolas Dupouy, and Jose Jimenez, Halliburton, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. An operator requiring an offshore coiled tubing (CT) intervention into 40,000-ft-deep wells from artificial islands of the United Arab Emirates encountered challenging crane and transportation limitations to lift a 2⅜-in. CT reel weighing approximately 200,000 lbm. This, combined with a desire to improve operational efficiency in moving from well to well and eliminating large mechanical lifts, led to the design of a custom-engineered transportation solution for the large-diameter, heavy CT spool. Introduction CT and its associated setups are in high demand for wellbore intervention to perform operations such as valve or sleeve shifting, pinpoint stimulation with custom chemistry, milling, fishing, wellbore diagnostics using fiber optics, and drilling with different downhole tools. These tasks become even more challenging when difficulties associated with extended-reach maximum-reservoir-contact reservoirs are considered. While the term “extended-reach” refers to wells for which the measured depth (MD) is greater than twice the true vertical depth (TVD), the term “megareach” refers to wells for which the MD is greater than three times the TVD. A CT string is a continuous string of pipe manufactured from a specific grade of material determined by the downhole application for which it is intended. It is coiled over a drum (referred to in the paper as a spool) with more than 25 full layers around the bed wrap and has a high amount of energy stored in it because of the residual bending of the CT material. Although the string is secured at the end with an industry-specific clamp, close monitoring is required to avoid loosening from vibrations caused during transportation. After storing the CT pipe on the spool, the spool usually is shipped and transported from the shore jetty to the artificial island jetty using a conventional vessel. It is then offloaded, lifted, and secured onto a CT drive reel using a regular crane ready for wellsite operations (Fig. 1).

Modeling Injury Risk From Multiple-Impulse, Area-Distributed Flash-bangs Using an Uncertainty Bounding Approach to Dose Accumulation.

Modeling of injury risk from nonlethal weapons including flash-bangs is a critical step in the design, acquisition, and application of such devices for military purposes. One flash-bang design concept currently being developed involves multiple, area-distributed flash-bangs. It is particularly difficult to model the variation inherent in operational settings employing such devices due to the randomness of flash-bang detonation positioning relative to targets. The problem is exacerbated by uncertainty related to changes in the mechanical properties of auditory system tissues and contraction of muscles in the middle ear (the acoustic reflex), which can both immediately follow impulse-noise exposure. In this article, we demonstrate a methodology to quantify uncertainty in injury risk estimation related to exposure to multiple area-distributed flash-bang impulses in short periods of time and analyze the effects of factors such as the number of impulses, their spatial distribution, and the uncertainties in their parameters on estimated injury risk. We conducted Monte Carlo simulations of dispersion and timing of a mortar-and-submunition flash-bang device that distributes submunitions over an area, using the Auditory 4.5 model developed by L3 Applied Technologies to estimate the risk of hearing loss (permanent threshold shift) in an exposure area. We bound injury risk estimates by applying limiting assumptions for dose accumulation rules applied to short inter-pulse intervals and varied impulse-noise-intensity exposure characteristic of multi-impulse flash-bangs. The upper bound of risk assumes no trading of risk between the number of impulses and intensity of individual impulses, while the lower bound assumes a perfectly protective acoustic reflex. In general, the risk to individuals standing in the most hazardous zone of the simulation is quite sensitive to the pattern of submunitions, relative to the sensitivity for those standing farther from that zone. Larger mortar burst radii (distributing submunitions over a wider area) reduce expected peak risk, while increasing the number of submunitions, the intensity of individual impulses, or the uncertainty in impulse intensity increases expected risk. We find that injury risk calculations must factor in device output variation because the injury risk curve in the flash-bang dose regime is asymmetric. We also find that increased numbers of submunitions increase the peak risk in an area more rapidly than scene-averaged risk and that the uncertainty related to dose accumulation in the acoustic reflex regime can be substantial for large numbers of submunitions and should not be ignored. This work provides a methodology for exploring both the role of device parameters and the choice of dose accumulation rule in estimating the risk of significant injury and associated uncertainty for multi-impulse, area-distributed flash-bang exposures. This analysis can inform decisions about the design of flash-bangs and training for their operational usage. The methodology can be extended to other device designs or deployment concepts to generate risk maps and injury risk uncertainty ranges. This work does not account for additional injury types beyond permanent threshold shift that may occur as a result of flash-bang exposure. A useful extension of this work would be similar work connecting design and operational parameters to human effectiveness.

Review of possible very high-altitude platforms for stratospheric aerosol injection

Economically efficient injection of aerosols into the stratosphere for the purpose of deflecting incoming sunlight and managing the Earth’s energy budget would require high-altitude deployment platforms. Studies suggest that high-altitude injection at 25 km would substantially enhance the forcing efficacy of the aerosols compared to injections at 20 km. While platforms capable of lofting and releasing aerosols up to an altitude of 20 km have been explored in other studies, similar studies assessing the feasibility of deployment platforms at an altitude of 25 km seem to be lacking. No existing aircraft is suitable for this purpose. In this paper, we review five possible concepts for deployment at 25 km and conclude that all of them would multiply costs, complexity, and operational risk substantially relative to deployment at 20 km.

Laboratory and Field Experimental Study of Underwater Inflatable Co-prime Sonar Array (UICSA)

This paper discusses the design and initial testing of a novel hydrophone array system dubbed the Underwater Inflatable Co-prime Sonar Array (UICSA). The UICSA will be a crucial component of an underwater deployable sensing network that can be rapidly deployed using compact autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The UICSA initially is packed in a compact container to fit the payload space of an AUV. After deployment, the UICSA expands to its predetermined full length to acquire sensing data for source localization. More specifically, the mechanical compression of the UICSA is achieved through a non-rigid array support structure, which consists of flexible inflatable segments between adjoining hydrophones that are folded in order to package the UICSA for deployment. The system exploits compression in hydrophone layouts by utilizing a sparse array configuration, namely the co-prime array since it requires fewer hydrophones than a uniform linear array of the same length to estimate a given number of sources. With two-way compression, the storage, handling, and transportation of the compactly designed UICSA is convenient, particularly for the AUVs with limited payload space. The deployment concept and process are discussed, as well as the various UICSA designs of different support structures are described. A comparison of the various mechanical designs is presented and a novel hybrid-based expansion prototype is documented in detail. Laboratory study results of the UICSA prototype are presented that include water-swollen material tests in a pressurized environment and water tank validation of the inflation process. The UICSA prototype also has been deployed in the Harbor Branch channel to validate the performance, the related field test details and source localization results.

Standalone portable xenon-129 hyperpolariser for multicentre clinical magnetic resonance imaging of the lungs.

ObjectivesDesign and build a portable xenon-129 (129Xe) hyperpolariser for clinically accessible 129Xe lung MRI.MethodsThe polariser system consists of six main functional components: (i) a laser diode array and optics; (ii) a B0 coil assembly; (iii) an oven containing an optical cell; (iv) NMR and optical spectrometers; (v) a gas-handling manifold; and (vi) a cryostat within a permanent magnet. All components run without external utilities such as compressed air or three-phase electricity, and require just three mains sockets for operation. The system can be manually transported in a lightweight van and rapidly installed on a small estates footprint in a hospital setting.ResultsThe polariser routinely provides polarised 129Xe for routine clinical lung MRI. To test the concept of portability and rapid deployment, it was transported 200 km, installed at a hospital with no previous experience with the technology and 129Xe MR images of a diagnostic quality were acquired the day after system transport and installation.ConclusionThis portable 129Xe hyperpolariser system could form the basis of a cost-effective platform for wider clinical dissemination and multicentre evaluation of 129Xe lung MR imaging.Advances in knowledgeOur work successfully demonstrates the feasibility of multicentre clinical 129Xe MRI with a portable hyperpolariser system.

5G Business Models for Mobile Network Operators—A Survey

Emerging Fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks and associated technologies are expected to provide multi-service wireless applications with diverse specifications intended to address not only consumer-based smartphone applications, but also the needs of various vertical industry markets (e.g., healthcare, education, energy, mining, agriculture, manufacturing, and so forth). This paper extends 5G networks’ technology orientation towards attaining economic value for all key 5G stakeholders, including customers, mobile network operators (MNOs), equipment vendors, public institutions, private enterprises, digital business start-ups and other third parties. Although several surveys and tutorials have discussed business models in connection with 5G networks, there is no comprehensive study on business models for emerging 5G networks from the MNO’s perspective. In this survey article, we present and investigate key advances on business models for 5G networks and 5G MNOs in particular, from industry, use cases and research community perspectives. The paper focuses the theoretical business model concept from both strategic management and technological innovation perspectives. Thereafter, we discuss conventional business models for MNOs before presenting particular disruptive business models which can be considered for rolling out 5G networks with an aim to improve business efficiency. Additionally, the paper explores the emerging network deployment concept of private 5G networks and their related business models. Finally, we present some of the open research challenges and provide possible guidelines for implementing 5G business models based on various countries’ socio-economic status and relevant 5G use cases applicable in a specific context of emerging economies.

Designing the Ergonomic Press and Molding Machine of Cassava Chips for Sustainable Development in SMEs

The sustainability of the SMEs depends on how the SMEs could compete with their competitor. Utilizing technology is a way that can be used to survive in those competitions. Unfortunately, some of the SMEs in Indonesia could not afford to utilize the technology due to financial problems. Therefore, the aim of this research is to create an ergonomic working environment by utilizing the technology through the design of the press and molding machine. In its application, the concepts of Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) were used to assess the working posture. The results of this assessment show that the working environment of this SME, especially in the pressing and molding process was not ergonomic and need to be improved. The given improvement is in the form of press and molding machine design and its prototype. The designing process was done using the concept of Quality Function Deployment (QFD). On the other side, to assess the level of success for the given design and machine, the REBA and RULA assessment was carried out. The results of the REBA and RULA assessment for the new machine showed that it could decrease the previous score of both REBA and RULA. The results of this research are expecting to increase the production capacity, minimizing the occurrence of MSDs, and improving the quality of the chips. In the long-term, it will be able to increase the competitiveness of this SME.

Joint Deployment Strategy of Battery-Free Sensor Networks with Coverage Guarantee

The energy limitation of wireless sensors limits the lifetime of the traditional wireless sensor networks. The &lt;b&gt;Battery-Free Sensor Network (BF-WSN)&lt;/b&gt; is a new network architecture proposed in recent years to address the limitation of wireless sensor networks. In a BF-WSN, the battery-free node can harvest energy from the ambient environment, and thus the lifetime of a BF-WSN is unlimited in terms of energy. The coverage quality is an important measurement of BF-WSNs. Considering the specific features of BF-WSNs, we propose a new deployment concept for BF-WSNs, named &lt;i&gt;Joint Deployment&lt;/i&gt;. It aims to determine the locations and working schedules of sensor nodes to maximize network coverage quality. Based on the joint deployment concept, we propose a new deployment problem of battery-free sensor nodes. We prove that this problem is at least NP-Hard. We also analyze the upper bound of this problem. Furthermore, we propose an approximated algorithm to solve this problem and analyze the time complexity and the ratio bound of the algorithm. Extensive simulations are carried out to examine the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm is efficient and effective.

Modified spiral folding pattern for deployable membranes

Solar sails which provide propellant free propulsion are quite effective for missions that utilize small spacecrafts. These structures require a larger surface area compared to launch vehicles, hence require adopting deployable concepts. Neglecting geometric effects of membrane thickness can result in plastic deformations and wrinkling of membranes. As the issues arise in the stored configuration, they can be overcome by certain modifications to the fold-line arrangement in the pattern. We have developed a modified fold-line arrangement for modules which utilizes the spiral folding pattern using the arrangement of nodes in the folded state. We provided an offset to the nodes along the vertices of the hubs to the folded configuration to let the folding pattern accommodate the thickness. The proposed modification rearranges the nodes in the folding pattern which overcomes the adverse effects caused by the membrane thickness while achieving a compact folding state. Modified folding pattern was verified using paper models for different thicknesses and different levels of complexity.