Concept Of Constancy Research Articles

The Will to Truth, the Death Drive and the Will to Power.

This paper claims that Freud's idea of the death drive is analogous to the will to truth in traditional philosophy and can be better understood as a truth drive. The argument is based upon Nietzsche's interpretation of the will to truth as a concealed will to death. This interpretation emphasizes the opposition between truth and life; truth is a concept of constancy while life is a concept of change. Freud's recognition of the conservative nature of the drives brings him to the paradoxical conclusion of the existence of a death drive. It is paradoxical, for Freud, since it considers death as a fundamental principle of life and as its aim. The paper suggests that by replacing the concept of death by the concept of truth and using Nietzsche's idea of "the will to power" this paradox can be resolved without losing Freud's insight of the dialectic nature of psychological life.

Species assemblages of Chironomidae (Diptera) in acidic Welsh streams

Despite their speciose nature and potential role as ecological indicators, there are few data on the chironomids that characterise upland streams at risk from acidification. Nor has the use of pupal exuviae for typing upland streams been appraised. Therefore, in conjunction with the second Acid Waters Survey for Wales, sixty-one sites on acid-sensitive streams were sampled for chironomid pupal exuviae in June 1995. No exuviae were found at nine of the sites but the remainder produced seventy-three species, the majority of which belonged to the sub-family Orthocladiinae. Sites with three or more species were subjected to two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). This analysis produced thirteen species assemblages and eight site groups at Level 6, The concepts of constancy and fidelity were used to establish the relative strengths of the relationships between the species assemblages and the site groups. Almost all the species assemblages showed a strong fidelity to one or two site groups. Habitat data collected for each site from October 1994 to September 1995 were used to explore the relationships between the species assemblages and the habitat characteristics of the site groups. It was apparent that pH was only one of several environmental variables that correlated with the distribution of the species assemblages. However, the robustness of these species assemblages and their ecology require further investigation.

Delayed fracture of a transversally isotropic viscoelastic material with a crack under monotonically increasing loading

The delayed fracture of a transversally isotropic viscoelastic material due to slow subcritical growth of a flat normal-fracture macrocrack with a circular cross-section under monotonically increasing load is examined. The calculations employ the modified δC of fracture, which is based on the concept of constancy of the prefailure region. The investigation is carried out within the framework of the Boltzmann-Volterra theory for difference-type bounded resolvent operators, which describe the transversal isotropy of the viscoelastic deformational properties of the material. To find the analytical form of the kernel of an irrational function of a linear combination of the above-mentioned integral operators, the method of operator continued fractions is used. Analytical and numerical calculations are carried out for difference-type bounded resolvent operators with the kernel in the form of Rabotnov's fractional-exponential function.

MARKED DECREASE OF DNA IN THE NUCLEI OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA OF RATS EXPOSED TO COLD.

EXCEPTIONS have been made to the concept of constancy of DNA per nucleus, established by Boivin1 on the basis of biochemical determinations and nuclear counts, and confirmed by others2 on the basis of histophotometric measurements.