Concept Of Compatibility Research Articles

Policy compatibility: How anti‐smoking policy shapes state vaping policy innovation

AbstractLimited attention has been paid to how previous policies affect subsequent policy innovation. This article addresses this question by examining whether U.S. states with higher cigarette taxes are more likely to adopt e‐cigarette taxes and impose higher rates. The concept of policy compatibility, divided into normative and operational compatibility, is used to connect these policies. First, states with higher cigarette taxes are hypothesized to be more likely to adopt e‐cigarette taxes. This is because high cigarette tax rates indicate a preference for strong tobacco regulation, which is normatively compatible with regulating e‐cigarettes. States with high cigarette tax rates are also expected to choose high e‐cigarette tax rates. Such states, even if imposing higher e‐cigarette taxes, can maintain a similar or even larger price gap between cigarettes and e‐cigarettes, compared to those with low cigarette taxes. By doing so, they can not only reduce vaping effectively but also continuously provide smokers with a strong economic incentive to switch to e‐cigarettes. This indicates that such policies are operationally compatible with existing cigarette tax goals—reducing smoking and nicotine‐related health risks. The empirical findings support both hypotheses, offering insight into how past policies shape policy adoption.

EMC Research Efforts in the IEEJ Technical Committee and State‐of‐the‐Art Case Studies on ESD Found in its Technical Papers

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been known to cause electromagnetic noise against electronic equipment and devices even before the technical concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) was established 68 years ago in the United States and 48 years ago in Japan, while the ESD still continues to be studied as one of the most significant issues that should be solved in EMC areas. This is largely because the underlying nature of ESD has yet to be essentially elucidated from an EMC perspective. On the other hand, as an academic research organization on EMC in Japan, a Technical Committee named ‘EMCJ’ on ‘Environmental Electromagnetic Engineering’ was founded in 1976 in both the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ) and the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers or the present IEICE (Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers) to address EMC concerns. Since then, the EMCJ has been jointly conducting EMC research activities under the IEICE as the nominating body and the IEEJ as the associative body, whereas the EMCJ of IEEJ was dissolved in 1999 to form a new Technical Committee on EMC (TC‐EMC) in order to deal with EMC issues appropriate to the IEEJ. In this review, to mark the 25th anniversary of the IEEJ Technical Committee on EMC (TC‐EMC) in 2024, the EMC research efforts and activities that the TC‐EMC has conducted over the past 25 years from January 2000 to March 2024 are surveyed from 1272 technical papers presented at the technical meetings. Furthermore, among the ESD issues identified in these technical papers, the latest case studies utilizing ‘spark resistance laws’ that allow the analysis of the initial behavior of sparks, in which a spark is the essence of ESD and is the key to open the door to elucidate the phenomenon, particularly from an EMC perspective, are reviewed. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Fuzzification using the extension principle and the expression in decomposition theorem

Fuzzifying the crisp functions is a well-known methodology to study the problems under fuzzy uncertainty. The traditional way for fuzzifying the crisp functions is based on the extension principle. In this paper, by referring to the expression in decomposition theorem, we present a new methodology to fuzzify the crisp functions for non-normal fuzzy sets. The main purpose of this paper is to establish the equivalence between the fuzzy functions obtained from the extension principle and the expression in decomposition theorem under the proposed concept of compatibility. The practical cases regarding the equivalences are also studied in order to be used for the practical problems.

An Introduction to Single-Valued Neutrosophic Primal Theory

This article explores the interconnections among the single-valued neutrosophic grill, single-valued neutrosophic primal and their stratification, uncovering their fundamental characteristics and correlated findings. By introducing the notion of a single-valued neutrosophic primal, a broader framework including the fuzzy primal and intuitionistic fuzzy primal is established. Additionally, the concept of a single-valued neutrosophic open local function for a single-valued neutrosophic topological space is presented. We introduce an operator based on a single-valued neutrosophic primal, illustrating that the single-valued neutrosophic primal topology is finer than the single-valued neutrosophic topology. Lastly, the concept of single-valued neutrosophic open compatibility between the single-valued neutrosophic primal and single-valued neutrosophic topologies is introduced, along with the establishment of several equivalent conditions related to this notion.

Novel fuzzy topologies formed by fuzzy primal frameworks

This paper introduces a new fuzzy structure named “fuzzy primal.” Then, it studies the essential properties and discusses their basic operations. By applying the q-neighborhood system in a primal fuzzy topological space and the Łukasiewicz disjunction, we establish a fuzzy operator (·) ⋄ on the family of all fuzzy sets, followed by its core characterizations. Next, we use (·) ⋄ to investigate a further fuzzy operator denoted by Cl⋄. To determine a new fuzzy topology from the existing one, the earlier fuzzy operators are explored. Such a new fuzzy topology is called primal fuzzy topology. Various properties of primal fuzzy topologies are found. Among others, the structure of a fuzzy base that generates a primal fuzzy topology. Furthermore, the concept of compatibility between fuzzy primals and fuzzy topologies is introduced, and some equivalent conditions to that concept are examined. It is shown that if a fuzzy primal is compatible with a fuzzy topology, then the fuzzy base that produces the primal fuzzy topology is itself a fuzzy topology.

Statistically compatible hyper-reduction for computational homogenization

The computational bottleneck of reduced order models (ROMs) in nonlinear homogenization is usually given by the local material laws, which need to be evaluated in a large number of microscopic integration points. Hyper-reduction methods use only a small subset of the integration points and reach tremendous speed-ups at high accuracy. However, the underintegration breaks the overall compatibility of the microscopic strain field and is in this sense disrespecting the microscopic boundary value problem. Here, a new type of generalized integration points is introduced in strain space in order to remedy this shortcoming. Being inspired by results from nonlinear homogenization theory, the concept of statistical compatibility is developed and forms the theoretical basis for the new integration points, which respect the compatibility of the microscopic strain field in a statistical sense. The statistically compatible integration points can be derived offline and replace the conventional ones in a Galerkin-projection based setting with global modes identified via proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The method is tested for various reinforced composites, indicating that 10-20 integration points are often sufficient to reach errors smaller than 3%, with CPU-times in the μs-range (per time step). A possible extension of the method for problems with higher nonlinearity and stronger field fluctuations is discussed within the context of a porous microstructure.

Strategies for launching streaming content: Assessing movie-country relatedness and its impact on international popularity.

The study proposes a way to measure the relatedness between countries and movies (movie-country relatedness density) and to test whether this relatedness is an important factor in predicting the popularity of a movie in a certain country. The results show that both movie-country relatedness density and movie ubiquity (i.e., popularity across many countries) are positively associated with a movie appearing in a country's top 20 list even after considering other covariates. Based on these findings, we suggest an OTT (Over-the-tops) movie launching strategy with regard to movie-country relatedness density for both global and local OTT companies. Our study contributes to a growing body of research on movie consumption patterns and provides insights into the factors that determine a movie's success on a global scale. The importance of cultural similarity in adopting films and television shows is widely recognized, but the concept of movie-country compatibility is introduced to take into account the content attributes that cannot be explained by cultural differences. The results suggest that movies that are related to other popular movies in a given country and movies that are popular across many countries are more likely to appear in a country's top 20 list.

Acetylation of Nanocellulose: Miscibility and Reinforcement Mechanisms in Polymer Nanocomposites.

The improvement of properties in nanocomposites obtained by topochemical surface modification, e.g., acetylation, of the nanoparticles is often ascribed to improved compatibility between the nanoparticle and the matrix. It is not always clear however what is intended: specific interactions at the interface leading to increased adhesion or the miscibility between the nanoparticle and the polymer. In this work, it is demonstrated that acetylation of cellulose nanocrystals greatly improves mechanical properties of their nanocomposites with polycaprolactone. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations with a combination of potential of mean force calculations and computational alchemy are employed to analyze the surface energies between the two components. The work of adhesion between the two phases decreases with acetylation. It is discussed how acetylation can still contribute to the miscibility, which leads to a stricter use of the concept of compatibility. The integrated experimental-modeling toolbox used has wide applicability for assessing changes in the miscibility of polymer nanocomposites.

Adaptive detumbling control of dual-arm space robot after capturing non-cooperative target

This research focuses on the detumbling planning and control method for the dual-arm space robot post-capturing a non-cooperative tumbling target, which takes the uncertainty of target’s inertial parameters and generalized input constraints of robotic system into consideration. Firstly, based on the concept of task compatibility, an efficient detumbling strategy without optimization algorithm is proposed, where the target’s desired acceleration is in the opposite direction of its velocity with the magnitude determined by scaling factor. Next, a compliance control scheme is designed to track the desired trajectory and the desired contact forces by establishing impedance control for the target and end-effectors. Finally, considering the target’s dynamic uncertainties, an adaptive controller is included to compensate the effects of uncertainty and ensure stable detumbling. The simulation results are presented for detumbling a target with inertial parameter uncertainties using a 7 degree-of-freedom dual-arm space robot, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

ChatGPT У ПІДГОТОВЦІ ФІЛОЛОГІВ І ПЕРЕКЛАДАЧІВ. ВИКЛИКИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article deals with the challenges and perspectives of using artificial intelligence tools based on the large language models in the practice of training professionals in linguistic and translation fields of study at higher education institutions. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the methodical principles of correct and academically integer application of the artificial intelligence tools in pedagogical and translation practice have been outlined. Founded on the example of ChatGTP, the concept of the principal compatibility of its use with the norms of academic integrity has been suggested – for the improvement of learning outcomes of students and for the forming of critical rational thinking and optimization of time and resources use as well. Based on the personal pedagogic experience of the authors in teaching non-related – informational technological and philological disciplines and on the empirical material of completed classes with the use of ChatGTP, the weak points of artificial intelligence systems in the training of philologists and translators, the risks of their uncritical use, restricted efficiency in forming of professional competencies and especially of common background knowledge has been analyzed. The conclusion has been made about the necessity of combination the use of artificial intelligence in the real time mood with the forming methods of elaborated creative teaching tasks that do not provoke the plagiarism and about the increase of the share of vivid communication in foreign languages in practice of teaching linguistic and translation disciplines to prevent the domination of the hybrid quasi-communication with the chat-bot. At the same time, the positive role of artificial intelligence in generation of the text information with the correct, academically integer reference to its source and in the practical written translation of the narrow-specialized terminologically intensive text by their careful reviewing has been stated.

Analysis of External Support and Organizational Capacity on Electronic Commerce Adoption Impact on Small Medium Business Performance

This study aims to develop the concept of external support, compatibility and organizational capabilities in increasing the adoption of Electronic Commerce and its impact on the performance of small and medium enterprises. The sample of this research was 123 respondents consisting of small and medium culinary business owners in the city of Semarang, Indonesia. The analysis technique uses Structural Equation Modeling - Amos program version 21. The results show that adoption of electronic commerce is significantly positively influenced by external support, by compatibility, by organizational capability, and by organizational capability, in addition to being significantly positively influenced by adoption of electronic commerce and the performance of small and medium-sized businesses. You may swiftly and effectively rework and reword your material by using paraphraser to take your sentences and make modifications.

Rendez-Vous Based Drift Diagnosis Algorithm for Sensor Networks Toward In Situ Calibration

In recent years, low-cost sensors have raised strong interest for environmental monitoring applications. These instruments often suffer from degraded data quality. Notably, they are prone to drift. It can be mitigated with costly periodic calibrations. To reduce this cost, in situ calibration strategies have emerged, enabling the recalibration of instruments while leaving them in the field. However, they rarely identify which instruments actually need a calibration because of drift, so that in situ calibration may instead degrade performances. Therefore, a novel drift detection algorithm is presented in this work, exploiting the concept of rendez-vous between measuring instruments. Its originality lies mainly in the comparisons of values determining the state of the instruments, for which the quality of the measurement results is taken into account. It defines the concept of compatibility between measurement results. A case study is developed, showing an accuracy of 88% for correct detection of drifting instruments. The results of the diagnosis algorithm are then combined with calibration approaches. Results show a significant improvement of the measurement results. Notably, an increase of 15% of the coefficient of determination of the linear regression between their true values and the measured values is observed with the correction and the error on the slope and on the intercept respectively is reduced by 50% and 60% at least. Note to Practitioners—In this paper, we investigate the problem of drift detection in sensor networks. This work was motivated by the fact that faulty nodes are rarely detected in existing in situ calibration algorithm prior to the correction of the instruments. Moreover, existing fault diagnosis algorithms for sensor networks do not specifically target drift and are often applicable to either (dense) static or mobile sensor networks but not both. We propose an algorithm designed for the detection of drift faults regardless of the type of sensor network and of the measurand. Specific attention is paid to the metrological quality of the measurement results used to carry out the diagnosis. The output of the algorithm provides information that can be exploited for the recalibration of faulty instruments. In future work, we will aim at providing tools and recommendations for the adjusment of the parameters of the diagnosis algorithm but also more elaborated approaches based on the results of our diagnosis algorithm to calibrate faulty nodes.

Understanding the role of institutions in the multiple streams approach through the recognition of the diaspora as a development agent in Cameroon.

This article examines the potential contribution of the diaspora to development in Cameroon. It illuminates the role of institutional dynamics within the Multiple Streams Approach (MSA). Drawing on the concept of problem compatibility, this research demonstrates that problem recognition does not occur solely as a result of the work of policy entrepreneurs or problem brokers. It also depends on the institutional context within which the problem arises. Data demonstrate that the shock of the economic crisis and its repercussions in Cameroon required innovative sources of development financing, particularly capitalizing on resources from the diaspora, otherwise known as the diaspora option. This led in part to the modification of the "appreciative system" of its network on diaspora policy. Moreover, the heterogeneity of this network has reframed the view of the diaspora, long considered a threat to the stability and security of the country. This analysis, based on interviews with fifteen government officials, experts, and professionals, highlights the institutional processes that drive the problem stream.

New Arithmetic Operations of Non-Normal Fuzzy Sets Using Compatibility

The new arithmetic operations of non-normal fuzzy sets are studied in this paper by using the extension principle and considering the general aggregation function. Usually, the aggregation functions are taken to be the minimum function or t-norms. In this paper, we considered a general aggregation function to set up the arithmetic operations of non-normal fuzzy sets. In applications, the arithmetic operations of fuzzy sets are always transferred to the arithmetic operations of their corresponding α-level sets. When the aggregation function is taken to be the minimum function, this transformation is clearly realized. Since the general aggregation function was adopted in this paper, the concept of compatibility with α-level sets is needed and is proposed, which can cover the conventional case using minimum functions as the special case.

COMMON FIXED POINT OF COMPATIBLE TYPE (K) MAPPINGS IN FUZZY METRIC SPACE

The purpose of this paper is to establish a common fixed point theorem for six self-mappings in complete fuzzy metric space, using the concept of compatibility of type (K) with another functional inequality and our result generalize the result of K. B. Manandhar and et al. [7] and other similar results in the literature.

Grasping force optimization for dual-arm space robot after capturing target based on task compatibility

Grasping force optimization (GFO) is a crucial step in multi-arm manipulation tasks, aiming to suitably distribute the external force applied on the target to manipulators. The problem has not been applied to the field of space robot, which is more complex than ground mechanisms due to the dynamic coupling effect and multiple constraints. This paper presents the GFO method for the dual-arm space robot after capturing target. The problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem, which considers the friction constraints and generalized input constraints synthetically. The input constraints are derived for the space robotic system which contain both kinematic and dynamic characteristics. In order to reduce the dimension of the problem, a convenient method based on the concept of task compatibility is proposed to obtain the initial value and decouple the input constraints from the optimization problem. Meanwhile, the line search method based on eigenvalue analysis is adopted to determine the step size. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method for different target motion.

Ethical compatibility of socially responsible banking: Comparing the Japanese main bank system with the USA

Although the broad idea of socially responsible banking is widely accepted, no precise definition of ethical banking is available because of various ethical preferences. This paper develops the concept of ethical compatibility as a theoretical description of ethical banking. It offers a multi-level framework to illustrate the compatibility between the regional ethics and preferred forms of ethical banking prevalent in Japan and the USA. This paper first revisits the two paradigms of financial systems and examines the two types of business purposes as ethics. Drawing on the literature concepts, this study posits a conceptual framework demonstrating the compatibility between the actors, which are dynamic yet representative at each level. This paper concludes that the ethically compatible form of banking is socially responsible in the respective societies. Additionally, this paper advances the concept of relationship lending by making it globally applicable.

Compatibility in the Law of Treaties and Stability in International Law

Abstract Questions concerning ‘compatibility’ in the law of treaties have been at the heart of international disputes in recent years. The answers to these questions can have potentially significant repercussions for several areas of international co-operation. A fundamental premise of international law operates in the background to courts’ and tribunals’ approach to questions regarding compatibility in the law of treaties: the idea that, where possible, existing treaty relations should remain in place. That objective of maintaining stable treaty relations, while infrequently articulated, is central to the legal and political relations among states. This article explores the ways in which the concept of compatibility in the law of treaties is informed by that objective.

Compatibility of partitions with trees, hierarchies, and split systems

The question whether a partition P and a hierarchy H or a tree-like split system S are compatible naturally arises in a wide range of classification problems. In the setting of phylogenetic trees, one asks whether the sets of P coincide with leaf sets of connected components obtained by deleting some edges from the tree T that represents H or S, respectively. More generally, we ask whether a refinement T∗ of T exists such that T∗ and P are compatible in this sense. The latter is closely related to the question as to whether there exists a tree at all that is compatible with P. We report several characterizations for (refinements of) hierarchies and split systems that are compatible with (systems of) partitions. In addition, we provide a linear-time algorithm to check whether refinements of trees and a given partition are compatible. The latter problem becomes NP-complete but fixed-parameter tractable if a system of partitions is considered instead of a single partition. In this context, we also explore the close relationship of the concept of compatibility and so-called Fitch maps.

Biologically and mechanically compatible titanium nickelide implants in the treatment of injuries of the thoracic and lumbar spine

Based on the concept of biomechanic and biochemic compatibility of nikelide Ti implants with body tissues the application of devices with form memory effect as well as superelasticity for the treatment of uncomplicated compressive fractures of thoracic and lumbar spine was substantiated. Fixators played the role of so called endoprostheses for the injured posterior ligamentous apparatus resulted from superelasticity. In cases without severe disorders of spine mobility in postoperative period those fixators allowed early activization and rehabilitation of patients. On the basis of clinical outcomes of 32 patients with vertebral body fractures efficacy of posterior fixation by nikelide Ti brackets has been proven.