Canonical Concept Research Articles

Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligences: From the classical canonical concept of legal person to the design of a specific legal personality and a Registry of Artificial Persons

On 16 February 2017, the European Parliament made recommendations to the Commission about civil law rules on robotics, including a proposal to design a specific legal personality for autonomous robots and most sophisticated Artificial Intelligences with the capacity to make decisions and interact with third parties. Although the recent European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act presents notable advances on supervision, surveillance, control and registration in this field, the question of legal personality remains an open issue. In order to design a specific concept along the lines of the European Parliament’s proposal and to make further progress along this legal line, the classical concept of legal person devised by Sinibaldo Fieschi is an essential reference.

Canon y Premio Nobel: un estado de la cuestión

This paper poses the following question: as a world institutional award, what is the influence of the Nobel Prize in Literature over the construction of the global canon? To answer it, we start from previous resea rch and analyze the studies on canon and Nobel Prize published in scientific journals indexed in the two main international databases: Web of Science, by Clarivate Analytics, and Scopus, by Elsevier, since both cover the current scientific production. After reading the articles which are relevant for the research objective, the centres of interest of this critical literature can be grouped into three large blocks: the concept of World Literature and its relationship with the Nobel Prize; the canonical characteristics of the works by Nobel Prize winners, and the influence of Nobel Prize in the process of creating the world canon. The conclusions question the monolithic and monumental character of the literary canon and advocate for a more transparent approach to its construction that considers economic and ideological aspects (beyond the formal or artistic value of the texts) as crucial for understanding its nature and evolution. For example, E. Lameborshi’s concept of ideological fluency and R. Walkowitz’s born translated novels are useful for understanding to what extent the common concepts of World Literature and canon have recently been redefined.

‘If it's held dear, it’ll get pushed through’: Transmedia narratives, play cultures, and soft canon in tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs)

Transmedia storytelling is a strategy adopted by media franchises and brands to create participatory story-worlds for their consumers; it incorporates a range of forms, actors, and texts, all of which have varying degrees of narrative authority in determining the events that occur. This article focuses on tabletop role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons to show how play cultures in Singapore are shaped by transmedia storytelling techniques. In doing so, it makes two contributions to existing research: first, it shifts scholarly focus from game texts to player practice, showing how communities of play are created through players’ emergent usage of transmedia storytelling techniques. Second, it describes a player practice of soft canon, which I theorise as an approach to shared world-making that prioritises the emotional resonance of narrative details over a positivist accounting of narrative events. The concept of soft canon reveals a new perspective on how communities create and sustain intersubjectively imagined worlds.

Workflow-Induced Uncertainty in Data-Driven Mineral Prospectivity Mapping

The primary goal of mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) is to narrow the search for mineral resources by producing spatially selective maps. However, in the data-driven domain, MPM products vary depending on the workflow implemented. Although the data science framework is popular to guide the implementation of data-driven MPM tasks, and is intended to create objective and replicable workflows, this does not necessarily mean that maps derived from data science workflows are optimal in a spatial sense. In this study, we explore interactions between key components of a geodata science-based MPM workflow on the geospatial outcome, within the modeling stage by modulating: (1) feature space dimensionality, (2) the choice of machine learning algorithms, and (3) performance metrics that guide hyperparameter tuning. We specifically relate these variations in the data science workflow to the spatial selectivity of resulting maps using uncertainty propagation. Results demonstrate that typical geodata science-based MPM workflows contain substantial local minima, as it is highly probable for an arbitrary combination of workflow choices to produce highly discriminating models. In addition, variable domain metrics, which are key to guide the iterative implementation of the data science framework, exhibit inconsistent relationships with spatial selectivity. We refer to this class of uncertainty as workflow-induced uncertainty. Consequently, we propose that the canonical concept of scientific consensus from the greater experimental science framework should be adhered to, in order to quantify and mitigate against workflow-induced uncertainty as part of data-driven experimentation. Scientific consensus stipulates that the degree of consensus of experimental outcomes is the determinant in the reliability of findings. Indeed, we demonstrate that consensus through purposeful modulations of components of a data-driven MPM workflow is an effective method to understand and quantify workflow-induced uncertainty on MPM products. In other words, enlarging the search space for workflow design and experimenting with workflow components can result in more meaningful reductions in the physical search space for mineral resources.

The Formation of Literary Canons in History of Turkish Literature

The term ‘canon’ is derived from the Greek word ‘kanon’, which refers to a law, criterion, or rule. It implies a criterion for determining what is true or authentic. In the context of literature, the concept of canon is associated with works that serve as examples or criteria for subsequent literary works, and that can become classical masterpieces. The canonization of art typically occurs in two ways. The first occurs through the natural process of people appreciating certain works, leading them to become classics. The second occurs in a ‘guided (goal oriented)’ manner in which certain authorities, such as political parties, governments, or ideologies, shape the canon to serve their interests. It is observed that many countries use literature and art as cultural tools to promote the national identity and ideology to individuals and society, viewing them as a means of cultural control. The inception of contemporary Turkish literature can be traced back to the 'Tanzimat Edict' of 1839, which sought to revitalize various areas, including literature, during the final years of the Ottoman Empire. With the conclusion of the First World War, the Ottoman Empire came to an end and the Turkish Republic was established. During the war years spanning 1911 to 1923, national sentiments and ideas became prominent themes in Turkish literature. Upon the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, national sentiments and specific ideas continued to exert their influence on the country's literature due to the prevalent awareness of Turkish identity that many felt needed to be instilled in society. The works produced by authors for this purpose are considered as part of the national literature. The newly established state aimed to adopt contemporary norms and, in this context, introduced reforms in every sphere of Turkish life. Literature was utilized as a tool to encourage public acceptance of these reforms, and the literature produced for this purpose was referred to as ‘revolution literature’. When examining the history of Modern Turkish Literature, one can observe literary works that fit within the framework of a ‘national literature canon’ or ‘revolution canon’. These works aim to present new values, ideas, and understandings to society by devaluing or criticizing old ones. This process of guided transformation is also known as ‘dirigisme’. Throughout history in Turkey, various groups (Kemalists, Marxists, nationalists, Islamists) have created ‘guided literature’ to teach or persuade others to adopt their ideologies. Poets and writers who were constrained by the political regimes, ideologies, and dominant powers of their time often reacted through an ‘anti-canon’ or ‘dissent canon’ strategy, resisting the official canon that political powers sought to establish. As a result, literature and art placed increasing importance on irony in language and expression. Utopias were also explored in ‘dissent canonical texts’ as a means of escaping from the unhappy present world. Keywords: Literature, Art, Canon, Dirigism, Guidance

Historical Transformations of the Russian Literary Canon in Russia and the United Kingdom

The article aims to reveal the changes in studies of Russian literature in Russia and the United Kingdom in the last three decades. The authors use the concept of the Russian literary canon to highlight the differences in the content and focus of the study of Russian literature. The empirical base of the research is Russian official documents, school textbooks, syllabi of university courses in Russian literature, and the collections of university libraries in the UK. Russian literary canon has changed to bridge the ideological break in Russian literature of the twentieth century. In Russia, the main channel for transmitting the canon is school education. The study of literature is supposed to ensure the formation of national identity, patriotism, humanistic values, and understanding of the exclusivity of Russian literature. The national canon understood as “compulsory reading”, performs socializing, educational, and stabilizing functions. The study of Russian literature in the UK began in the late 19th century at universities, where course content reflected the changing political context. Library collections and university curricula demonstrate the wide range of authors and research topics studied. The study of Russian literature in the UK could not be defined through the Russian literature canon as there is no mandatory reading, and it is studied mainly in translation. Thus, there is no connection between language and literature. The stable interest in the UK towards Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries confirms that it belongs to the world’s cultural heritage beyond national borders.

The Reverse Side of the Socialist Realist Canon: the Experience of Ukrainian Literature

The concept of literary canon to be surprisingly organic for description of what has been formed for a long time through totalitarian state mechanisms, in particular, in Ukrainian Soviet literature. Such canon is extremely structured, but not frozen. The totalitarian nature of this canon meant that nothing could exist outside of it. What was outside these limits we mean by the flip side of a socialist realist canon. These are not only the forbidden texts and authors, but also the transformation of the canon itself, when its front side turned into the reverse side; these are different editions of texts; these are textbooks in literary history, and the changes they underwent; counter-discourse in “samizdat” and the diaspora, etc. The normativity of the socialist realist canon only contributes to the reconstruction of its reverse side.

Pasolini, public pedagogy, subjective presence

In this paper, I invoke the post-World-War-II Italian public intellectual Pier Paolo Pasolini, juxtaposing Pasolini’s public pedagogy – his subjective presence always attuned to the historical moment - with a 2013 essay composed by contemporary U.S. scholars Jake Burdick and Jennifer Sandlin, who perform what I term discursive engineering, dismissing canonical concepts of education (without argument or evidence), apparently fantasizing that by changing what we say we can change the world. Alas, Pasolini knew better. No securely tenured professor, Pasolini risked his life to teach the Italian public, calling out the catastrophic path humanity has taken, specifically substituting virtuality for actuality, technologization that we imagine leaves us immune to the consequences of unbridled capitalism. Focused on Pasolini’s unfinished novel Petrolio (petroleum or crude oil) and a 2014 film focused on the final few days before Pasolini was assassinated, I conclude this curricular juxtaposition hoping to carve out what Tetsuo Aoki termed a generative space of difference, wherein we might re-experience – even reactivate – an earlier anthropological moment when we were still – sort of – “human.”

The Concept of Canon in the Reception of the Epistle to the Hebrews by David Young

Reviewed by: The Concept of Canon in the Reception of the Epistle to the Hebrews by David Young Bryan R. Dyer david young, The Concept of Canon in the Reception of the Epistle to the Hebrews (LNTS 658; London: T&T Clark, Zed Books, 2022). Pp. xiii + 176. $115. David Young’s volume sets out to challenge many of the assumptions of NT scholarship regarding how and when a particular text was considered “canonical.” Resisting the urge to find a straight line from a text’s composition to eventual canonical status, Y. argues that the typical evidence used to identify this trajectory—canon lists, citations, manuscript reproduction, and so on—must be examined within the text’s own social context without assuming the result of acceptance into the canon. Further, finding support within this evidence that a particular text was accepted or rejected as canonical proves to be simplistic and unhelpful. As Y. notes, it may well be the case that a book’s availability accounts for its appearance or quotation in patristic sources and that one should not necessarily read too much into that author’s view of the book’s canonicity. Y. chooses to focus his attention on the Epistle to the Hebrews, which proves to be an excellent test case as he explores these ideas. The first chapter offers a history of research on Hebrews’ reception history with an emphasis on issues of canon. Y. challenges the common view that Hebrews was accepted early in the East and initially rejected in the West. Instead, Hebrews’ reception among early Christians demonstrates a more varied and nuanced engagement. Y. sets out to demonstrate this in the remaining chapters of his study. In chap. 2, Y. examines fourth-century discussions pertaining to what books should be accepted as Christian Scriptures. The argument throughout this chapter is that these early Christians reasoned much like other Greek and Roman bibliographers of their era. Y. demonstrates that, like earlier Greek authors, Christians were concerned with the issue of authorship and used this as a means of attaching authority and legitimacy to a written work. To aid in making this determination, Christian writers, like their Greek predecessors, argued in terms of “reports of previous bibliographers, one’s own judgments about a work’s style, and any biographical data that could be assembled” (p. 18). Taking their cue from Greek and Roman bibliographers, the early Christians saw a connection between authorship and authority—eventually adding their own concern with a text’s coherence to developing orthodoxy. These concerns play out in the treatment of Hebrews in the writings of Eusebius, Athanasius, Augustine, and others. In chap. 3, Y. treats citations of Hebrews in patristic sources of the second and third [End Page 171] centuries. Y. argues that the appearances of Hebrews in these patristic writings are often explained by the rhetorical function they contribute rather than by a working understanding of the text’s canonicity. Some writers, such as Origen and Clement, understand the epistle to be Pauline while others, such as Tertullian, attribute it to an associate of Paul. Either way, there is little attention to the epistle’s acceptance or rejection within the canon since these authors are more concerned with the utility that quotations from Hebrews provide within their discourses. Y. goes to great lengths to demonstrate how these patristic authors quote from Hebrews using ancient practices of citation and composition. The fourth chapter examines the placement of Hebrews among editions of the corpus Paulinum in the third through sixth centuries. Generally, Y. shows that Hebrews was consistently included within the Pauline corpus in Greek manuscripts, while more hesitancy was apparent in Latin manuscripts. According to Y., this hesitancy had less to do with concerns over Hebrews’ place in the canon and more to do with questions of its authorship and whether it should be included among Paul’s letters. Further, where the epistle was placed within a Pauline corpus was often influenced by whether its attribution to Paul was assumed, in doubt, or denied. Thus, in Greek manuscripts Hebrews was often placed within the corpus according to common editorial practices, while in Latin manuscripts it appeared at the end (or was...

Parting Ways: With Werner Hamacher

Parting Ways:With Werner Hamacher Kevin Newmark (bio) GIVE THE WORD: RESPONSES TO WERNER HAMACHER'S 95 THESES ON PHILOLOGY EDITED BY ANN SMOCK AND GERARD RICHTER University of Nebraska Press, 2019 Wer spricht, wer sich ausmacht, wer seinen Namen, seinen Ort, sein Wort vermisst, der entmisst sich, verliert seinen Ort an der Verortung, sein Wort an die Entwortung und (ist) entwo —Werner Hamacher, "Amphora" The prominent place accorded to philology by Werner Hamacher is remarkable for a number of reasons. Among the most eye-catching would doubtless concern the way that, for him, philology can be assigned no place; it is only by virtue of philology taking place that the world becomes a place in the first place. "Philology is not a part of this world," Hamacher writes in the eighty-ninth of his 95 Theses on Philology, "it is the movement of the world itself: it is the coming into the world of the world" (Smock and Richter, liii).1 Such an affirmation would not be the most predictable one to derive from the canonical concept and practice of philology. If philology today seems mostly antiquated, that is because we have lost touch with what, through a return to philology, the same name might have been—and still be—able to point toward. Philology as we know it has succeeded in becoming rigorous enough as a historical and hermeneutical discipline to have made us forget what a philology of the term philology might otherwise be able to disclose. And it would be toward allowing such an other [End Page 172] philology to emerge from the crusty layers of philology that Hamacher devotes his 95 Theses. For, if philology names a certain attentiveness to language, and if language consists first of all in those acts that open a "place" in which names can begin to function as names, then a particular kind of attentiveness—call it philia—to language (call it "philialogy") could by the same token bring about an attentiveness to the way the world will have become whatever we think is meant by that term, the world, only through the philological fact of its having been so named. One of the innumerable merits of Hamacher's Theses is to have been able to generate from this situation sufficient attentiveness among scholars of philology, literature, and philosophy for another publication to have resulted from it: Give the Word: Responses to Werner Hamacher's 95 Theses on Philology. In many respects, Give the Word is a peculiar volume. It is composed of a third reprinting of Hamacher's 95 Theses on Philology, this time in both English translation and German, followed by a short introduction by coeditors Ann Smock and Gerhard Richter, which leads to the Responses to the Theses written by eleven scholars, most (but not all) of whom are affiliated with U.S. universities. Following these eleven Responses—anywhere between six and nearly forty pages in length—there is another text by Werner Hamacher, "What Remains to Be Said," which responds at surprising length to the preceding essays on his Theses. As the editors point out in their introduction, extracts from the Theses first appeared in English translation as part of a 2010 special issue of PMLA, "Literary Criticism for the Twenty-First Century" (Hamacher 2010b, 4).2 "As the beginning of a response" to that publication, the editors specify, they organized two panels at the 2013 MLA Convention in Boston and then followed up on that first initiative by compiling the volume of texts that now appear in Give the Word. It is worth noting, however, that Hamacher died in July of 2017, two years before publication of the volume. Something of a disjunction, if not a dissonance, is produced as soon as one notices that Hamacher's Response to all the other Responses now has, or has been given, "the last word" in a way that could not have been registered at the time he wrote the essay "What Remains to Be Said" in 2016. In the interval between Hamacher's writing "What Remains to Be Said" and its publication in Give the Word, lies an event—Hamacher's death—that from now on cannot...

Несколько суждений о каноническо-правовых основаниях создания монастырей в домонгольской Руси

Introduction. This study focuses on the formation of ancient Russian monasticism in the 11th-13th centuries. The main emphasis of the article is on the recognition of foreign communities as fullyfledged monasteries by episcopal cathedrals, as well as on the administrative-canonical rights of ancient Russian bishops. The author is interested in how the relationship between the episcopate and monasteries developed and changed. Methods. The analysis of the information on the establishment of the first Russian monasteries allows for some preliminary judgments not only in the field of the history of relations between the episcopate and monastic communities, but also regarding the development of canonical concepts within the church organization, revealing the peculiarities of these processes in different lands. Materials and methods. The main sources for this work were published and well-known sources on the early history of the Russian Church: ancient Russian chronicles, a collection of texts related to the history of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery, 25 graffiti, as well as sources on the early history of the Antonius Romanin Monastery. Results. As a result, the author comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, the process of recognizing monastic settlements and institutions by episcopal cathedrals was complex and reflected the extremely difficult canonical and administrative situation in Russia. If in the initial stage, in the first century after the events of the Baptism, there was maximum freedom, expressed in the fact that the majority of monastic settlements were founded solely at the desire of the monks or at the will of the princes, then over time there is a tendency to expand the rights of the hierarchs in the control of monastic life. Conclusion. The first successful experience of full influence of the hierarchs on monastic life for the cathedrals is observed in the time of Prince Vsevolod and Metropolitan John the Baptist. However, the participation of bishops in the foundation of monasteries and the consecration of monastery churches became the norm only from the end of the 12th century. An exception to this series was Novgorod, where monastic life was brought under the control of the bishops already in the early 12th century. Secondly, it is obvious that in the initial stage of the Christianization of Russia, most monasteries were established without recognition from the episcopate. They simply did not need it. The only authority to which such settlements resorted was the princely authority.

A New Anonymization Model for Privacy Preserving Data Publishing: CANON

Data privacy is a challenging trade-off problem between privacy preserving and data utility. Anonymization is a fundamental approach for privacy preserving and also a hard trade-off problem. It enables to hide the identities of data subjects or record owners and requires to be developed near-optimal solutions. In this paper, a new multidimensional anonymization model (CANON) that employs vantage-point tree (VPtree) and multidimensional generalization for greedy partitioning and anonymization, respectively, is proposed and introduced successfully for the first time. The main concept of CANON is inspired from Mondrian, which is an anonymization model for privacy preserving data publishing. Experimental results have shown that CANON takes data distribution into consideration and creates equivalence classes including closer data points than Mondrian. As a result, CANON provides better data utility than Mondrian in terms of GCP metric and it is a promising anonymization model for future works.

Exosome Carrier Effects; Resistance to Digestion in Phagolysosomes May Assist Transfers to Targeted Cells; II Transfers of miRNAs Are Better Analyzed via Systems Approach as They Do Not Fit Conventional Reductionist Stoichiometric Concepts.

Carrier effects of extracellular vesicles (EV) like exosomes refer to properties of the vesicles that contribute to the transferred biologic effects of their contents to targeted cells. This can pertain to ingested small amounts of xenogeneic plant miRNAs and oral administration of immunosuppressive exosomes. The exosomes contribute carrier effects on transfers of miRNAs by contributing both to the delivery and the subsequent functional intracellular outcomes. This is in contrast to current quantitative canonical rules that dictate just the minimum copies of a miRNA for functional effects, and thus successful transfers, independent of the EV carrier effects. Thus, we argue here that transfers by non-canonical minute quantities of miRNAs must consider the EV carrier effects of functional low levels of exosome transferred miRNA that may not fit conventional reductionist stoichiometric concepts. Accordingly, we have examined traditional stoichiometry vs. systems biology that may be more appropriate for delivered exosome functional responses. Exosome carrier properties discussed include; their required surface activating interactions with targeted cells, potential alternate targets beyond mRNAs, like reaching a threshold, three dimensional aspects of the RNAs, added EV kinetic dynamic aspects making transfers four dimensional, and unique intracellular release from EV that resist intracellular digestion in phagolysosomes. Together these EV carrier considerations might allow systems analysis. This can then result in a more appropriate understanding of transferred exosome carrier-assisted functional transfers. A plea is made that the miRNA expert community, in collaboration with exosome experts, perform new experiments on molecular and quantitative miRNA functional effects in systems that include EVs, like variation in EV type and surface constituents, delivery, dose and time to hopefully create more appropriate and truly current canonical concepts of the consequent miRNA functional transfers by EVs like exosomes.

Quasi-Fermi-Level Phase Space and its Applications in Ambipolar Two-Dimensional Field-Effect Transistors

Quasi-Fermi levels (QFLs) have become a canonical concept in semiconductor device modeling. However, a global model to cover both unipolar and ambipolar transport modes of two-dimensional field-effect transistors (2D FETs) based on QFLs is still needed, as it is challenging to capture quantitatively the effect of QFL splitting on transport. This work establishes a theoretical platform to account for that effect: the quasi-Fermi-level phase space (QFLPS). With QFLPS a unified picture of unipolar and ambipolar transport is drawn, the working modes of 2D FETs acquire more intuitive physical interpretations, and many valuable outcomes for device modeling and circuit design are realized.

Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism by April D. Hughes

Reviewed by: Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism by April D. Hughes Yu Xuan Tay April D. Hughes, Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2021. xiii, 181 pp. US$148.00 (pdf). ISBN 978-0-824-88870-1 An essential aspect of imperial authority in premodern China was providing sufficient legitimation for its political rule over culturally and socially diverse regions. The essen-tialized understanding of such political legitimation revolves primarily around the concept of the “Mandate of Heaven.”1 However, scholars in the field for the past few decades have complicated this simplistic portrayal by analyzing a multitude of different legitimation strategies employed by various rulers according to their respective social milieu.2 April D. Hughes’s first book, revised from her doctoral dissertation, titled Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism, delves into a distinct set of approaches to political legitimation during the Sui and early Tang periods. Her book analyzes the historical development and popularization of the image of “worldly saviors.” Emperor Wen (Wendi 文帝) of Sui and emperor Wu Zhao 武曌 (also known as Empress Wu Zetian 武則天) of Zhou both utilized this image to legitimize their rule.3 Hughes begins her book in the introductory chapter by surveying a few of the legitimization strategies undertaken by some Chinese rulers. This brief survey includes claiming the “Mandate of Heaven,” beckoning to the concept of “Great Peace,” or taip-ing 太平, or styling themselves together with their state as the successor to the previous unified Han empire (p. 4). Hughes then introduces the concept of “worldly saviors,” who are beings that appear in this current world, destined to save everyone by quelling chaos and dispensing proper rule over their territory (pp. 4–5). This concept had to be underlaid by a Buddhist soteriological understanding of how the Buddha’s teaching or dharma will inevitably deteriorate throughout time, also known as the age of the Final Dharma or mofa 末法. Therefore, one or many “worldly saviors” are expected to rise during such a [End Page 149] trying time and create a terrestrial utopia for the believers, protecting them from a general apocalypse and the wrath of the unfaithful. Hughes specifically notes that this concept of “worldly saviors” also heavily overlaps with canonical Buddhist concepts such as the far future arrival of the next Buddha, Maitreya, and the pious Buddhist universal king known as the “Wheel-Turning King” or cakravartin, the zhuanlun wang 轉輪王. The difference lies in the fact that these canonical concepts usually espouse a singular identity of either a Buddha or a sovereign, whereas a “worldly savior” is both a Buddha and a sovereign simultaneously (pp. 8–7). It is, however, important to note that some of these “worldly saviors” were not strictly limited to a “Buddhist” portrayal, but were also characterized as a “Daoist” savior such as a “True Lord” or zhenjun 真君. Hughes thus argues that such a concept of “worldly saviors” primarily derived from apocalyptic extracanonical scriptures, and served as a political legitimation for Chinese rulers. The first chapter of the book is a general survey of the scriptures that contain figures that satisfy the concept of a “worldly savior.” Some of these saviors, such as Maitreya Buddha 彌勒佛 and Prince Moonlight 月光童子, commanded supernatural, moral, and political power, capable of saving the faithful from apocalypses and politically ruling these faithful in utopias that could one day exist in this material world. A pertinent feature of these utopias is that they imagine an idealized society that affirms proper social hierarchy and gender roles, one that would have been unfamiliar to readers who lived during the fifth and sixth centuries CE (p. 32). The utopias preached by these scriptures must have resonated with contemporary readers. Thus in the second chapter, Hughes further asserts that numerous monastic rebellions within that same period drew their justification and mass support from similar apocalyptic scriptures. Some rebel leaders styled their names in an apparent reference to the “worldly saviors” in these apocalyptic scriptures, such as “Luminous King of Dharma” or mingfawang 明法王 (pp. 46–47). At the same time, some rebel leaders used the expected imminent arrival of Maitreya Buddha as a...

Canon and Process in the 3D Modeling of Human Anatomy

The authors argue that the concept of the anatomical canon is not just an arbitrary standard of anatomical beauty but an indispensable mnemonic tool for the artist. The authors further argue that the canon is most relevant when adapted to a specific artistic process and tools, and in particular must be updated to the requirements of the digital tools of 3D modeling. A proposal of such a canon is discussed, as well as the process of its synthesis from standard 3D primitives and its artistic applications.

Constelaciones poéticas: sobre algunas antologías de la nueva poesía mexicana (2010-2020)

With the recent change of decade, we can turn our gaze to trace a concise outlook of recent Mexican poetry. As a significant sign of the poetics that have defined the work of young Mexican writers in the new millennium, I believe that the reflection on some anthologies can provide a firm basis for analysis. In these notes I offer a review of a selection of seven anthologies of Mexican poetry published between 2010 and 2019 to highlight some of the trends that have defined the national poetic state during this decade. The study is divided into two sections. In the first one, I sift through some theoretical and methodological reflections to rethink the function of anthologies no longer from the concept of canon but from the concept of literary constellations. In the second section I focus on the study of each of the selected works, with special emphasis on the proposals outlined by the anthologists in the prologues and paratexts. In this way, at the end I synthesize some of the dominant features of young Mexican poetry, especially from what I consider to be its political manifestation.

Loose Can(n)on: Literary tradition in Daljit Nagra’s British Museum

ABSTRACT This paper considers Daljit Nagra’s engagement with concepts of canon and tradition in British Museum (2017). Throughout the collection, Nagra provides readers with a multifaceted insight into the ways in which a plurality of ‘cultures’ and ‘traditions’ — literary, historical, political, religious — inform contemporary notions of Britishness and shape his work as a writer living with the legacies of literary heritage. British Museum, this paper argues, explores how Nagra’s work relates to canons of English Literature, and how he makes sense of his own position. The discussion is framed by a consideration of what happens when we review canons of culture and their place within an increasingly diverse society. Underlying the inevitable conflicts and dislocation involved in (re-)defining traditions and cultural canons, this paper considers the ways in which Nagra identifies, through plurality, a fundamental desire for the meaningful connection of canonical culture with the diverse 21st century world.

LENGUAJE POLÍTICO Y GIRO PANHISPÁNICO EN EL PRIMER MANIFIESTO DEL MOVIMIENTO “POESÍA ANTE LA INCERTIDUMBRE”

Political Language and Reflections on the Concept of Canon from a Transatlantic Perspective in the First Manifesto of the Movement Poesía ante la incertidumbre. In this article I intend to examine the strengths of Panhispanic or Transatlantic Studies, which represent an appropriate line of research into and analysis of the current circumstances of literature written in Spanish, from a vantage point capable of observing the plurality of changes in the Hispanic-American poetics of twenty-first century works. First of all, I define what is traditionally understood as a literary canon and outline the theoretical support on which I rely to argue my point of view. Secondly, I add the notes of the critics who propose a Transatlantic literary analysis, that is, the ideas of Panhispanism, as a way of analyzing current poetic productions, which I exemplify with the Poetry Facing Uncertainty movement. REZUMAT. Limbaj politic și reflecții asupra conceptului de canon din perspectivă panhispanică în primul manifest al mișcării Poesía ante la incertidumbre. Acest articol își propune să reflecteze asupra coincidenței temporale între redactarea manifestului inițial al mișcării poetice transaltantice Poesía ante la incertidumbre și apariția mișcării 15M sau a indignaților în Spania, ambele având loc în mai 2011, ca fenomen care exemplifică suprapunerea dintre estetic și social. Coincidențele se evidențiază în mărcile intratextuale, discursive, din primul lor manifest ”Apărarea poeziei”, pe care-l vom analiza în acest articol. De asemenea, vom cerceta scopurile principale ale acesti grup, care este încă activ la zece ani de la fondarea sa, precum vocația programatică de a scrie o poezie cu caracter panhispanic. Cuvinte-cheie: canon, studii panhispanice, literatură transaltantică, poezie în spaniolă, Poesía ante la incertidumbre

Design jako próba przywrócenia kanonu? Pojęcia, metody i dyskursy a niemieckie i śląskie wzornictwo pierwszej połowy XX wieku

In the article, the concept of canon is related to the process that has been defined as the transition from applied art to design. The thesis is then put forward that this processcan be seen as the canonisation of products intended for mass production. The above statement suggests that a (qualitative?) change has taken place between designing and producing artistic and also utilitarian objects and the phenomenon called design. However, an answer to this problem first requires a clarification of terms. If we understand design and production historically in the context of the transition from handicraft to machine production, i.e. within the narrative socio-economic history, and if we place design in the ontology of visual culture, its pictorial representations and materiality, we will see a shift of focus to aesthetic values, related to form and materiality, and thus canonisation – the establishment of icons (of design). The canon will in this sense be a defence against aesthetic relativism. Escaping into the canon is art history’s way of dealing with the social, economic and knowledge and technology arts was included in the research on searching for connections with Bauhaus as an exemplification of the canon. Design as historically understood industrial design and design as a creative activity, as the energy needed to produce a canonical utilitarian object, i.e. one whose aesthetic or artistic value will go far beyond utilitarian, form the framework in the text for methodological discussion, reflections on defining concepts and critical analysis of scientific discourses and their possible junctures. transfer issues that are indispensable in the study of crafts, arts and craft and design. The history of art (but also popular culture!) has canonised many works and phenomena. One example is the Bauhaus, widely seen as the canon of 20th-century design, although Gropius himself defined its purpose in the words: “das ziel des bauhauses ist eben kein ‘stil’, kein system, dogma oder kanon [...]”. Similar phenomena took place concerning the design of the first half of the 20th century from the Lower Silesia area: the slogan “Breslauer Moderne” referred, in part, to the Werkbund exhibition in 1929 (WuWA), and the activity of the Wrocław Academy in the field of applied arts was included in the research on searching for connections with Bauhaus as an exemplification of the canon. Design as historically understood industrial design and design as a creative activity, as the energy needed to produce a canonical utilitarian object, i.e. one whose aesthetic or artistic value will go far beyond utilitarian, form the framework in the text for methodological discussion, reflections on defining concepts and critical analysis of scientific discourses and their possible junctures.