Concept Of Health Care Research Articles

The concepts of health care according to women from a Quilombola community in the metropolitan area of Fortaleza, in the State of Ceará: an investigation via affections

Resumo Este artigo foi construído junto a mulheres de uma comunidade quilombola situada na região metropolitana de Fortaleza (CE), a partir da investigação sobre lugares de cuidado em saúde. Destacamos a importância de debater a dimensão afetiva das práticas de saúde com base nos cotidianos das comunidades, considerando questões sociopolíticas como o debate étnico-racial. Nosso objetivo foi reconhecer concepções de saúde e demandas trazidas pelas participantes e, a partir disso, discutir modos de fazer saúde. Foi utilizado o Instrumento Gerador dos Mapas Afetivos para captar questões relacionadas ao cuidado advindas dos afetos. Contamos com 13 participantes, mulheres com idades entre 38 e 77 anos, e, baseadas em suas respostas, categorizamos quatro lugares: igrejas evangélicas, casa, espaços de convivência comunitária e centros comerciais. Outros espaços foram citados secundariamente e tiveram maior variabilidade. Percebemos a relevância que a coletividade, o acesso, o território e os afetos têm na construção dos processos de saúde das participantes. Por fim, discutimos os modos de fazer cuidado institucionalizados nos serviços de saúde e apontamos questões para a construção de processos mais dialógicos e pautados na autonomia.

Modern concepts of improving procedures and procesess in healthcare facilities - effects of the lean concept

Introduction. Lean principles have been successfully adapted to the healthcare environment, enabling hospitals and clinics to streamline their operations and focus on value as perceived by their patients. Many healthcare facilities have implemented lean principles to improve their efficiency. The subject of this paper is the lean concept, the essence of which is implementation of methods that affect the efficiency and quality of providing health services. Our aim was to point out the necessity of applying modern concepts in healthcare. Material and Methods. The primary sources of data were obtained through research on the opinions and possibility of applying the lean concept in hospitals in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We presented the results on the effectiveness of the lean concept in hospitals that apply it. Results. After implementation of the lean concept in an Italian hospital, the results showed a positive impact on the waiting time for admission, faster discharge, and faster flow of information. The results of the research in Bosnia and Herzegovina showed that there were positive attitudes towards the effects that would be achieved by implementing the lean concept. Conclusion. The implementation of the lean concept would reduce medical waste, which would positively affect the quality of health care services.

Enfermagem na segurança do paciente na Atenção Primária

The aim was to describe how nursing should act in primary health care to ensure patient safety, with the specific objectives of describing the concept of primary health care, understanding the importance of patient safety in primary health care and discussing how nursing must act in primary care to ensure patient safety. The methodology used in this project was through a bibliographic literature review research, where information on the chosen topic was researched, thus raising texts published in Portuguese, produced in Brazil, through a SciELO database, and LILACS, selection of the texts was made by means of survey on the internet, such as academic books, articles and magazines relevant to the subject, with a period between 2015 and 2019. It was evidenced that increasing the structure and services in primary health care represents an excellent strategy to ensure the support of health systems around the world, providing assistance to users in a preventive, continuous and integrated manner.

MECHANISMS OF MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL SPACE FOR PROTECTION OF COMPETITIVENESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

Introduction. The current state of dehumanization of the principles of coexistence of people in society, the ambivalence of cultural priorities, has different effects on public health. There is a violation of the management mechanisms of the public health system, which currently operate quite inconsistently and require optimization of existing resources and significant strengthening of the procedural side of public administration, significantly changing both theoretical and methodological principles in the context of competitiveness and development municipality. Approaches to Assessing Competitiveness Proposed to Ensure the Impact of Factors on Productivity, Health and Prosperity should be taken into account, an indicator calculated annually by the World Economic Forum - the Global Competitiveness Index. Therefore, it is necessary to prove the expediency of taking into account the index, which consists of 113 indicators, combined into 12 indicators, grouped into three groups of sub-indices: basic requirements; efficiency amplifiers; factors of innovation and improvement. The aim of the work is to substantiate the applied application of mechanisms for managing the creation of health-preserving educational space to ensure competitiveness and development of self-government through the formation and improvement of tools for public health. Methodology. Ideas of civilization and culturological approaches to the analysis of the phenomenology of psychological and pedagogical mechanisms of health care are offered; polyparadigmatic methodology of modern research, which includes system-synergetic, contextual, personality-oriented, activity, acme logical, holistic and health-preserving aspect of education, natural science ideas about the biopsychosocial phenomenon of man; ideas of humanization of education as a factor in the development of individuality, social responsibility and ensuring readiness for professional activity; principles of international and domestic documents on health care activities of management and teaching staff, taking into account the interests of self-government. The analysis, generalization and synthesis of various aspects of the concept of health care are carried out. Analogy and specification of theoretical information on the impact of psychological and pedagogical factors on health in educational institutions by optimizing existing resources are systematized. Results. It is concluded that the health approach is an integral part of the overall development process, including the implementation of the latest management mechanisms in education and in society. The leading tools of the organizational mechanism of the influence of health factors in all parts of the education system to create a healthy educational space and achieve competitiveness, taking into account the elements of influence on the development of self-government. The proposed approaches to the implementation of various technologies, including health, are promising, development-oriented, given the current global transformations.

Value-based healthcare’s blind spots: call for a dialogue

The value-based healthcare (VBHC) concept was first proposed as a solution to many of the ills of healthcare. Since then, we have seen the term “value” defined, used, confused, and interpreted in multiple ways. While we may disagree that competition based on value will solve healthcare’s complex challenges, value is a concept integral to the future of healthcare. Before VBHC becomes consigned to the long list of quality improvement trends and management fads that have passed through healthcare, we call for a dialogue around the term value and the implications of its different interpretations. The intention is not just to critique, but to facilitate ongoing efforts to substantially improve healthcare in ways that are relevant and sustainable for society at large.

Searching for a professional identity: a qualitative study of the oncology nurses role in a multidisciplinary breast-unit team.

Interprofessional collaboration concept in healthcare implies and evoke enhanced nurses' involvement and role consideration. Our research aimed to investigate: 1) the impact of nursing within a multidisciplinary team of breast-unit practice; 2) healthcare team and patients' perceptions of key-features of the interprofessional care pathway. A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted. Researchers were involved in the activities of the Breast Unit: department meetings, review of unit guidelines, observation of professional practice and documents. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 patients and a representative group of 15 healthcare professionals from the unit. Qualitative content analysis was chosen to infer data from interviews' transcripts. The analysis' critical themes showed a very marginal nursing presence and the unfulfilled role of the Case Manager, especially in organizing the patient's journey and facilitating team communication. Furthermore, the lack of shared decision-making, team communication problems and limited inter-professional collaboration indicated the mono-professional management of the breast unit and a devaluation of specialist nurses role in managing patient care. The supportive roles of the oncology specialist nurse and case manager are still struggling within the cancer care pathways and multidisciplinary team. Although healthcare organizations attempt to develop and expand these roles, nurses must assess, identify challenges and barriers to navigate through such complex systems. Therefore, the implementation of interprofessional collaboration and a person-centred model of care can also take place through greater socio-cultural awareness and the recognition by health professionals and patients of the specialist nurses role.

Russian healthcare under the sign of constructivism

The article analyzes the influence of the philosophical ideas of constructivism on the formation of the Russian healthcare model. The article substantiates the position that the paradigm of constructivism has led to a change in the classical model of medicine, which presupposes the treatment of the patient, not the disease. As a result, a new concept of health care has been formed, within which the emphasis is on the treatment of the disease, rather than the patient. The authors conclude that this transition has led to a health care crisis in Russia that needs to be reformed. The authors propose concrete and practical steps to get out of this reform.

General practitioner management for chronic sensorineural hearing loss in older adults

Introduction. The article is devoted to the special role of the primary care physician - therapist, geriatrician, general practitioner, in assisting the elderly and senile in taking appropriate and timely measures in identifying people with chronic sensorineural hearing loss (SNL), consulting them at the stage of primary health care.Aim of the study. Understand the intended role of general practitioners and therapist in identifying and counseling patients with hearing loss in primary health care.Materials and methods. A survey of general practitioners and therapist was conducted in the form of 88 statements, collected in six concepts, in response to the question “What should be the role of a general practitioner in the treatment of chronic sensorineural hearing loss in persons of an older age group?” in the format of a Google-questionnaire.Results. The results showed a sufficient awareness of general practitioners and therapist about the predisposition of their elderly patients to hearing loss and the significance of the associated consequences on the quality of life. As a result of the data obtained, the highest percentage of statements was noted in Concept 1 “Determine - Diagnose - Discuss” and varied on individual issues from 27.8% to 55.6%, the lowest - in Concept 5 “Educate - Strategise - Encourage” and ranged from 16.7% to 44.4%.Discussion. Strengthening collaboration between therapists and otorhinolaryngologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and audiologists is the most effective strategy for reducing individuals with untreated SNL. The importance of the role of the primary care physician in multidisciplinary care and its coordination is especially emphasized in the concept of “Know - Refer - Coordinate”.Conclusions. The authors conclude that the priority concept of modern health care, which makes it possible to significantly improve the quality of life of patients in the older age group and reduce the psychosocial consequences of hearing loss.

The Opportunity for Providers to Adopt the Concept of Population Health Care

The Opportunity for Providers to Adopt the Concept of Population Health Care

From Personalized Medicine to Precision Psychiatry?

Personalised medicine aims to find an individualized approach for each particular patient. Most factors used in current psychiatry, however, depend on the assessment made by the individual clinician and lack a higher degree of reliability. Precision medicine bases decisions on quantifiable indicators available thanks to the tremendous progress in science and technology facilitating the acquisition, processing and analysis of huge amounts of data. So far, psychiatry has not been benefiting enough from the advanced diagnostic technologies; nevertheless, we are witnessing the dawn of the era of precision psychiatry, starting with the gathering of sufficient amounts of data and its analysis by the means of artificial intelligence and machine learning. First results of this approach in psychiatry are available, which facilitate diagnosis assessment, course prediction, and appropriate treatment choice. These processes are often so complex and difficult to understand that they may resemble a “black box”, which can slow down the acceptance of the results of this approach in clinical practice. Still, bringing precision medicine including psychiatry to standard clinical practice is a big challenge that can result in a completely new and transformative concept of health care. Such extensive changes naturally have both their supporters and opponents. This paper aims to familiarize clinically oriented physicians with precision psychiatry and to attract their attention to its recent developments. We cover the theoretical basis of precision medicine, its specifics in psychiatry, and provide examples of its use in the field of diagnostic assessment, course prediction, and appropriate treatment planning.

Opening Possibilities for a Meaningful Life Narrative Identity in Service of Existential Health and Spiritual Care.

Paul Ricoeur's understanding of philosophical hermeneutics offers a valuable tool to think about the meaning of life. By approaching philosophy as a way of living through the need for meaning, Ricoeur places his hermeneutics between two common directions in twentieth-century philosophy as a way of living, Sartrean humanism and Foucauldian antihumanism. As such, Ricoeur's narrative conception of the self can contribute to rethinking a conception of existential health and spiritual care.

“When I feel safe, I dare to open up”: immigrant and refugee patients’ experiences with coproducing healthcare

ObjectiveInterest in the coproduction concept in healthcare is increasing. According to coproduction, services are, unlike goods, always coproduced by a user and a service provider. This study explored how immigrants and refugees perceive the coproduction of their healthcare service in clinical encounters. MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with thirteen patients with varied backgrounds and health problems. Participants were purposefully recruited in an interdisciplinary clinic for immigrants and refugees at a Danish University Hospital. Interviews were transcribed, anonymized, and analyzed using meaning condensation. ResultsPatients emphasized the importance of a safe space where they could be themselves and feel supported. This encouraged them to be open and assume an active role in the coproduction of their health. A stable therapeutic alliance based on kindness and kinship helped them find strength and take responsibility for their own health. ConclusionsThis study improves our understanding of how immigrants and refugees experience the coproduction of healthcare services. Further studies, evaluating long-term outcomes of coproduction efforts, are required. Practice implicationsProviding a safe space in which health professionals have time to listen and empathically validate immigrant and refugee patients’ lived realities, can enable patients to open up and become agents of their own health.

EHealth Literacy Instruments: Systematic Review of Measurement Properties.

BackgroundThe internet is now a major source of health information. With the growth of internet users, eHealth literacy has emerged as a new concept for digital health care. Therefore, health professionals need to consider the eHealth literacy of consumers when providing care utilizing digital health technologies.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify currently available eHealth literacy instruments and evaluate their measurement properties to provide robust evidence to researchers and clinicians who are selecting an eHealth literacy instrument.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-reported eHealth literacy instruments by applying the updated COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) methodology.ResultsThis study included 7 instruments from 41 articles describing 57 psychometric studies, as identified in 4 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycInfo). No eHealth literacy instrument provided evidence for all measurement properties. The eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) was originally developed with a single-factor structure under the definition of eHealth literacy before the rise of social media and the mobile web. That instrument was evaluated in 18 different languages and 26 countries, involving diverse populations. However, various other factor structures were exhibited: 7 types of two-factor structures, 3 types of three-factor structures, and 1 bifactor structure. The transactional eHealth literacy instrument (TeHLI) was developed to reflect the broader concept of eHealth literacy and was demonstrated to have a sufficient low-quality and very low-quality evidence for content validity (relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility) and sufficient high-quality evidence for structural validity and internal consistency; however, that instrument has rarely been evaluated.ConclusionsThe eHealth literacy scale was the most frequently investigated instrument. However, it is strongly recommended that the instrument's content be updated to reflect recent advancements in digital health technologies. In addition, the transactional eHealth literacy instrument needs improvements in content validity and further psychometric studies to increase the credibility of its synthesized evidence.

Patient Behavioral Analysis with Smart Healthcare and IoT.

Patient behavioral analysis is the key factor for providing treatment to patients who may suffer from various difficulties including neurological disease, head trauma, and mental disease. Analyzing the patient's behavior helps in determining the root cause of the disease. In traditional healthcare, patient behavioral analysis has lots of challenges that were much more difficult. The patient behavior can be easily analyzed with the development of smart healthcare. Information technology plays a key role in understanding the concept of smart healthcare. A new generation of information technologies including IoT and cloud computing is used for changing the traditional healthcare system in all ways. Using Internet of Things in the healthcare institution enhances the effectiveness as well as makes it more personalized and convenient to the patients. The first thing that will be discussed in the article is the technologies that have been used to support the smart class, and further, there will be a discussion on the existing problems with the smart healthcare system and how these problems can be solved. This study can provide essential information about the role of smart healthcare and IoT in maintaining behavior of patent. Various biomarkers are maintained properly with the help of these technologies. This study can provide effective information about importance of smart health system. This smart healthcare is conducted with the involvement of proper architecture. This is treated as effective energy efficiency architecture. Artificial intelligence is used increasingly in healthcare to maintain diagnosis and other important factors of healthcare. This application is also used to maintain patient engagement, which is also included in this study. Major hardware components are also included in this technology such as CO sensor and CO2 sensor.

Информационные технологии в оценке данных реальной клинической практики

The features of evaluating data from real clinical practice are discussed. Approaches to material processing for decision support in medicine and health care are also given. The development of standardized methods of analysis with the possibility of obtaining a unified indicator for assessing data from routine clinical practice, combined with the development of information technology is the direction of development of the concept of result-oriented health care. The classification of information technologies used in medicine and public health is presented. The main characteristics and functioning features of the developed software modules for automated data evaluation of real clinical practice are presented: a program for the distribution of drugs on the levels of clinical efficacy, a program to assess the effectiveness of therapy for the specified period; a program to determine the interval of clinical efficacy of drugs.

Study of Big Data in Healthcare: Analysis, Management, Techniques and Applications

Clinical, suppliers-providers of healthcare, policymakers, and patients are encounter exciting opportunities in big data sets. Big data capability that emerged in the past decades. Due to the rapid growth of communication in the healthcare industry big data play an important role. I have explained how healthcare uses big data analytics due to its great potential that. In the healthcare industry, different sources of big data include clinic records, medical records of patients, consequences of medical assessments, and devices that are a piece of the internet of things. Firstly, I am beginning with the core concept of big data and healthcare. Secondly, discuss the Process of Big data Analysis and Management. Thirdly talk about the techniques of big data that uses in the medical field. Finally, the Application of the healthcare industry and future direction are discussed.

Improving Last-mile Delivery of COVID-19 Vaccines: The Cluster Strategy.

Vaccination against the COVID 19 virus is the most effective way to prevent infection and save lives. It is estimated that 285 million doses per month will be needed over the next five months to vaccinate all remaining adults by the end of 2021. To accelerate the vaccination coverage for its population, the state of Uttar Pradesh, North India, has planned a cluster approach to vaccination in rural areas. The cluster strategy is a micro-plan for vaccination by the government of U.P involving intensive mobilisation activities followed by vaccination at centres set up in schools, Panchayat Bhavans and other selected places. It is a people-centred and comprehensive approach, modelled on listening to the intended beneficiaries and stakeholders is vital. It will reduce expenses related to travel and loss of wages for those missing work while travelling far to get vaccinated. The cluster approach is also along the lines of the Near to Home COVID Vaccination Centres (NHCVC) for Elderly and Differently Abled Citizens. The main fear of the health workers regarding the cluster approach is concerning adverse events and their management at the peripheral level. This strategy is only practically possible if an adequate supply of vaccines is available. The cluster approach to vaccination ensures accessibility, includes community participation and is provided free of cost. This is thus in line with the concept of Primary Health Care (PHC) which is essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost the community and country can afford. Popularising this strategy and applying it to other states in a tailored manner based on social and cultural practices can give the nation the necessary momentum to attain the target of herd immunity quickly and curb the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research on Smart Healthcare Services: Based on the Design of APP Health Service Platform.

With the development of information technology, big data, and cloud computing, the concept of smart healthcare has gradually become more and more important. Compared with the traditional healthcare service, the new model, health service platform, is becoming increasingly popular and convenient. The use of wearable monitoring devices and some APPs is improving the health monitoring efficacy and effectiveness. To improve and facilitate the smart healthcare services, an effective and convenient app health service platform is needed urgently to serve the older and younger. Based on the above, this paper elaborates the principles of health service system and health information perception terminal design of the APP health service platform.

Acknowledging and addressing the many ethical aspects of disease

Diseases change the life of individuals, the social status of groups, the obligations of professionals, and the welfare of nations. Disease classifications function as a demarcation of access to care, rights, and duties. Disease also fosters social stigmatization and discrimination, and is a personal, professional, and political matter. It raises a wide range of ethical issues that are of utmost importance in patient communication and education. Accordingly, the objective of this article is to present and discuss a range of basic ethical aspects of this core concept of medicine and health care. First and foremost, disease evokes compassion for the person suffering and induces a moral impetus to health professionals and health policy makers to avoid, eliminate or ameliorate disease. The concept of disease has many moral functions, especially with respect to attributing rights and obligations. Classifying something as disease also has implications for the status and prestige of the condition as well as for the attitudes and behavior towards people with the condition. Acknowledging such effects is crucial for avoiding discrimination and good communication. Moreover, different perspectives on disease can create conflicts between patients, professionals and policy makers. While expanding the concept of disease makes it possible to treat many more people for more conditions - earlier, it also poses ethical challenges of doing more harm than good, e.g., in overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and medicalization. Understanding these ethical issues can be difficult even for health professionals, and communicating them to patients is challenging, but crucial for making informed consent. Accordingly, acknowledging and addressing the many specific ethical aspects of disease is crucial for patient communication and education.

Social Determinants of Health: Considerations for Athletic Health Care.

Health disparities are prevalent concerns in the United States and a frequent topic of conversation in the public health realm. Causes of health disparities include social inequities and social determinants of health. Although social determinants of health have been suggested to contribute more to individual and population health than the health care provided, this concept in athletic health care has received little attention. Therefore, the purpose of our article was to describe social determinants of health, present examples of social determinants, and discuss actionable steps for the athletic training profession to become more culturally proficient. By increasing the awareness of and acknowledging social determinants of health, athletic trainers will be positioned to improve patient outcomes more readily and contribute to ongoing conversations at the policy level of health care.