Concentrations Of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Research Articles

Generation of biosurfactants by P. aeruginosa gi |KP163922| on waste engine oil in a free and immobilized cells system

AbstractThis study investigated biosurfactant production by the bacterial strain of P. aeruginosa gi |KP 163922| for a free and immobilized cells system using waste engine oil (WEO) as a substrate. The polyurethane foam (PUF) cubes (1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm) were used as carriers for the immobilization. The batch experiments were performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and monitored at every 24‐h interval for both cell systems. The microbial population was counted using the plate count method, and the hydrocarbon degradation percentage was calculated to evaluate the bacterial activity. Surface tension was measured at regular intervals to ensure the presence of biosurfactants. The maximum reduction was 37 and 35 mN/m in a free and immobilized cells system. Immobilization of cells using PUF was found to be efficient in supporting bacterial growth, and after 48 h of incubation, the growth was 2.5 (±0.58) × 1011 CFU/mL. The chemical characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the obtained product as rhamnolipid. Crude biosurfactant yield was found to be maximum in the case of the immobilized system, which was approximately 18 g/L. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the used PUF cubes showed the strong adherence of biofilm to the cube surface and the potential of its reuse in multiple cycles. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis confirms that the immobilized strain of P. aeruginosa exhibited superior biodegradation capabilities compared to free cells. Specifically, it was capable of reducing the concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and converting more significant aliphatic compounds into metabolic byproducts such as alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, and carbonyl groups.

Characterization of fire investigators’ polyaromatic hydrocarbon exposures using silicone wristbands

BackgroundExposures to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contribute to cancer in the fire service. Fire investigators are involved in evaluations of post-fire scenes. In the US, it is estimated that there are up to 9000 fire investigators, compared to approximately 1.1 million total firefighting personnel. This exploratory study contributes initial evidence of PAH exposures sustained by this understudied group using worn silicone passive samplers. ObjectivesEvaluate PAH exposures sustained by fire investigators at post-fire scenes using worn silicone passive samplers. Assess explanatory factors and health risks of PAH exposure at post-fire scenes. MethodsAs part of a cross-sectional study design, silicone wristbands were distributed to 16 North Carolina fire investigators, including eight public, seven private, and one public and private. Wristbands were worn during 46 post-fire scene investigations. Fire investigators completed pre- and post-surveys providing sociodemographic, occupational, and post-fire scene characteristics. Solvent extracts from wristbands were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results were used to estimate vapor-phase PAH concentration in the air at post-fire scenes. ResultsFire investigations lasted an average of 148 minutes, standard deviation ± 93 minutes. A significant positive correlation (r=0.455, p<.001) was found between investigation duration and PAH concentrations on wristbands. Significantly greater time-normalized PAH exposures (p=0.039) were observed for investigations of newer post-fire scenes compared to older post-fire scenes. Regulatory airborne PAH exposure limits were exceeded in six investigations, based on exposure to estimated vapor-phase PAH concentrations in the air at post-fire scenes. DiscussionHigher levels of off-gassing and suspended particulates at younger post-fire scenes may explain greater PAH exposure. Weaker correlations are found between wristband PAH concentration and investigation duration at older post-fire scenes, suggesting reduction of off-gassing PAHs over time. Exceedances of regulatory PAH limits indicate a need for protection against vapor-phase contaminants, especially at more recent post-fire scenes.

Extraction of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) as extractive materials from water samples

Herein two magnetic ionic liquids (MILs), [P66614]2[CoCl4] and [P66614]3 [DyCl6], were synthesized and evaluated as extractive materials in a micro liquid extraction procedure (MLE) to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in water samples. The extraction capacity of evaluated PAHs was studied at different conditions such as pH, extraction time, MIL mass, PAH concentration and ionic strength. Both synthesized MILs demonstrated successful extraction of the five evaluated PAHs. Optimal extraction conditions were achieved at pH = 2, 60 min, and 7.5 % NaCl and 15 mg for [P66614]2[CoCl4] and 10 % NaCl, and 100 mg of [P66614]3[DyCl6] for each of PAH. Finally, recovery and reuse of the MILs was evaluated. In this study, only [P66614]2[CoCl4] was recovered successfully without the presence of any PAH and used successfully in future extractions. Recovered [P66614]2[CoCl4] was used for five consecutive extractions with an extraction efficiency of the Pyrene above 99 %. These MILs effectively extracted five PAHs from aqueous samples and proved to be recyclable for up to five extraction cycles. These MILs have a high potential to be employed as extractive materials for remediation purposes.

Dynamics of pollutants accumulation in the snow of an urban agglomeration

Snowpack properties allow using snow as a convenient indicator of atmospheric air pollution, precipitation, and eventually soil pollution. There is a high probability of trace elements and organic pollutants accumulation on the snow cover acting as the deposit matrix. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the content of metals (Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Sr, Pb and Ba) in filtered and unfiltered samples and the content of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (18 basic PAHs) in weekly snow sampling in the city and nearby. The obtained results were collated with the content of the same contaminants in the snow sampled layer by layer at the end of the season (layer thickness was 0.1 m). In result of the study, we concluded that the sampling should be carried out right after the precipitation for the purpose of atmospheric pollution estimation, because most of heavy metals migrate through the snow layers into soil cover and get lost by the end of the season. The organic pollutants, such as PAHs, are also lost. The sampling of snow during the whole season allows identifying the global and local sources of contaminants released into the atmosphere.

Tracking contaminants in the aqueous effluent during supercritical water gasification and oxidation of swine manure in the flow mode

Biomass waste processing is an area of great interest due to its potential for reducing environmental impact and recovering resources. The present work investigates for the first time the composition of products resulting from supercritical water (SCW) gasification and oxidation of swine manure (SM) continuously fed into a tubular reactor at a temperature gradient along its vertical axis of 390–600 °C and a pressure of 25 MPa. Special attention is paid to how the operating parameters, including SM flow rate (6.5–10.7 g/min), oxidation ratio (OR ≤ 1.78), and the presence of NaOH additive (1 wt%) influenced the composition and concentration of contaminants (phenols, N-bearing aromatics, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and ammonia) in the effluent collected at the reactor outlet. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicate that water-soluble products comprise predominantly of phenols, pyridines, pyrroles, indoles, pyrazines, anilines, and quinolines. Increasing the reagent’s residence time during SCW gasification was observed to lower the amount of phenols in the effluent. In addition, the introduction of NaOH increases the yields of syngas and NH3 while lowering the concentration of N-bearing aromatics and PAHs. SCW oxidation of SM not only reduces contaminant levels in the effluent by several orders of magnitude, but also partially compensates for thermal inputs needed for the process implementation. Among N-bearing compounds, ammonia, pyridines, indoles, and quinolines display the highest resistance to oxidation. The paper explores the resource-saving and ecological benefits of SCW gasification and oxidation of SM.

Impact Assessment of Vehicular Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emmissions on Cassava Leaves and Tubers along Owerri – Port Harcourt Highway, Nigeria

Poly-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) effluents arising from vehicular spent petroleum products on highways were assessed. Analysis of this impact on cassava leaves and tubers on highway using the method of AOAC, 1990 revealed xylene to be of highest concentration, 0.1449 and 0.1865mm/g in leaves and roots respectively. Other PAHs analyzed were found to contain as follows: acenapthylene (0.0003 and 0.0312mm/g), phenanthlene (0.0029 and 0.0003mm/g), anthracene (0.0067 and 0.0127mm/g), 1,2-benzathracene (0.0161 and 0.0126mm/g), benzo(k)fluorine (0.0001 and 0.223mm/g) and pyrene (0.0169 and 0.0329mm/g) for leaves and roots respectively. From these findings, the concentration of PAH is highest in cassava roots than leaves and this justifies its hazardous effects on humans. Therefore, environmental monitoring of poly aromatic hydrocarbons in food is imperative in evaluating the possible toxicity of the impact as well as the carcinogenic potential of these compounds to humans via intake.

Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia

Abstract Air quality represents one of the most important parameters determining indoor microclimate and human comfort. Thus, the current study reports a comprehensive study on the dominant sources, organic compositions, and potential health impacts of the polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmospheric particle matters (PMs) ranging from 2.5 µm (PM2.5) to 10 µm (PM10) size in the rural and urban regions of western (Jeddah city) Saudi Arabia collected over 1 year between 2014 and 2015. The levels of PAHs in two locations namely Obhur (Urban) and Hada Alsham (Rural) were monitored over 1 year (2014 and 2015) using the gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. The level of ƩPAHs in Obhur (819.25 ng/m3) has a significantly high concentration of PAHs compared to Hada Alsham (Rural) (675.26 ng/m3). Indeno(1,2,3-CD)pyrene was the major contributor with an average value of 215.66 ng/m3 followed by benzo[k]fluranthene with a concentration of 150.68 ng/m3, respectively. The major contributors were indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benzo[k]fluranthene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h]perylene, and benzo[b]fluranthene are the major contributors with contributing percentages of 26.32, 18.39, 9.07, and 8.29%, respectively. The rest of all compounds were below 4%. The highest concentrations of PAHs in Obhur (1836.99 ng/m3) and in Hada Alsham (1107.40 ng/m3) were observed in winter in January 2014. PAHs with 4–6 aromatic ring components are primarily emitted by high temperature combustion. The average values for the BaA/(BaA + Chr) and Flt/(Flt + Pyr) ratios at Obhur were found 0.58 and 0.43 and at Hada Alsham were found 0.63 and 0.38, respectively, indicating that coal/biomass burning is the major source of PAHs. Hada Alsham (rural area), the transportation system, is a significant contributor to the observed PAHs. These results reflect Saudi Arabia’s traffic load in both rural and urban areas. On road sites, the impact of petroleum combustion and vehicular emissions was also identified. The sum of the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for all congeners for infants along the Obhur location was 2.13 × 10−6 and 1.38 × 10−6, respectively. ILCR values were less than 1.0 × 10−4, implying that PAH exposure posed an acceptable potential cancer risk in this study. Various local emission sources contributed more PAHs in many Saudi urban areas, increasing the risk of lung cancer, and the health risk. PAHs have an associated large surface area and are capable of deposition in the respiratory system with high efficiency. The total health risk assessment study also helps in alarming the toxicity at both the locations.

Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia

Abstract Air quality represents one of the most important parameters determining indoor microclimate and human comfort. Thus, the current study reports a comprehensive study on the dominant sources, organic compositions, and potential health impacts of the polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmospheric particle matters (PMs) ranging from 2.5 µm (PM2.5) to 10 µm (PM10) size in the rural and urban regions of western (Jeddah city) Saudi Arabia collected over 1 year between 2014 and 2015. The levels of PAHs in two locations namely Obhur (Urban) and Hada Alsham (Rural) were monitored over 1 year (2014 and 2015) using the gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. The level of ƩPAHs in Obhur (819.25 ng/m3) has a significantly high concentration of PAHs compared to Hada Alsham (Rural) (675.26 ng/m3). Indeno(1,2,3-CD)pyrene was the major contributor with an average value of 215.66 ng/m3 followed by benzo[k]fluranthene with a concentration of 150.68 ng/m3, respectively. The major contributors were indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benzo[k]fluranthene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h]perylene, and benzo[b]fluranthene are the major contributors with contributing percentages of 26.32, 18.39, 9.07, and 8.29%, respectively. The rest of all compounds were below 4%. The highest concentrations of PAHs in Obhur (1836.99 ng/m3) and in Hada Alsham (1107.40 ng/m3) were observed in winter in January 2014. PAHs with 4–6 aromatic ring components are primarily emitted by high temperature combustion. The average values for the BaA/(BaA + Chr) and Flt/(Flt + Pyr) ratios at Obhur were found 0.58 and 0.43 and at Hada Alsham were found 0.63 and 0.38, respectively, indicating that coal/biomass burning is the major source of PAHs. Hada Alsham (rural area), the transportation system, is a significant contributor to the observed PAHs. These results reflect Saudi Arabia’s traffic load in both rural and urban areas. On road sites, the impact of petroleum combustion and vehicular emissions was also identified. The sum of the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for all congeners for infants along the Obhur location was 2.13 × 10−6 and 1.38 × 10−6, respectively. ILCR values were less than 1.0 × 10−4, implying that PAH exposure posed an acceptable potential cancer risk in this study. Various local emission sources contributed more PAHs in many Saudi urban areas, increasing the risk of lung cancer, and the health risk. PAHs have an associated large surface area and are capable of deposition in the respiratory system with high efficiency. The total health risk assessment study also helps in alarming the toxicity at both the locations.

Hot-Air-Assisted Radiofrequency Drying of Olive Pomace and Its Effect on the Quality of Olive Pomace Oil.

In this study, the drying of olive pomace in a hot-air-assisted radio frequency system (HA-RF) was conducted, and its effects on crude olive pomace oil quality were investigated. In this respect, the effects of radiofrequency electrode distance (90, 105 and 120 mm), sample thickness (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 cm) and compaction density (~0.45, ~0.60 and ~0.82 g/cm3) on drying rate have been evaluated. The best drying, with a higher drying efficiency, was obtained with 1 kg of sample weight and a 10 cm product thickness, ~0.45 g/cm3 compaction density and 105 mm electrode distance. Moreover, the results showed that the compaction density significantly affects the drying rate. The drying time was prolonged by approximately four times by increasing the compaction density from ~0.45 to ~0.82 g/cm3. The drying rate of olive pomace in HA-RF drying was compared with drying performed using hot air (HA) and radiofrequency (RF). The results revealed that HA-RF application reduced the drying time by almost 1.7 times compared to hot air drying and by about 2.7 times compared to radiofrequency. The peroxide value, free fatty acid content, p-anisidine value, polyaromatic hydrocarbon content, L*, a*, b*, chlorophyll and total carotenoid content of the oil extracted from the olive pomace dried under the best drying conditions were 1.09%, 12.2 meq O2/kg oil, 3.01, <1 ppb, 38.6, 7.5, 62.56, 105.25 mg pheophytin a/kg oil, 2.85 mg/kg oil, respectively. The drying of olive pomace in a hot-air-assisted radio frequency system could be an alternative way to ensure the safe and rapid drying of olive pomace.

Microplastic and associated polyaromatic hydrocarbons in surface waters feeding Beyşehir Lake in Türkiye

&lt;p&gt;The detection of microplastics, defined as tiny plastics particles having a size from 1 µm to 5 mm, in aquatic environments has become a serious concern worldwide. Microplastics may be introduced either directly to water bodies or indirectly to the aquatic systems. In particular, microplastics may interact with persistent organic pollutants and inorganic contaminants and they transfer these pollutants to organisms in the aquatic environment. In this study, microplastics and their sorbed polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface water feeding Beyşehir Lake in Türkiye were investigated. The abundance of microplastics in the surface water was determined in the range of 2830-6860 particles/m3. While five shapes (fiber, foam, film, fragment, pellet) of microplastics were determined in surface waters, fiber and fragment form microplastics were predominantly observed. The detected polymer types were cellophane, polyethylene, polypropylene. The transparent/white color microplastics were the most dominant (42-81%). The total concentration of the seventeen PAHs associated with microplastics in surface waters ranged from 1924 to 7970 ng/g. According to the diagnostic ratios of the PAH isomers (fluoranthane/pyrene &amp;lt; 1 and phenanthrene/antracene &amp;gt;10), the source of the PAHs all surface waters can be pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. These findings indicate that high concentrations of microplastics and PAHs sorbed microplastics were carried into the lake by the surface waters feeding Beyşehir Lake. These pollutants may pose a risk to the use of water for irrigation and potable purposes and to aquatic organisms in the lake.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D;

Reduced commuter exposure to PM2.5 and PAHs in response to improved emission standards in bus rapid transit systems in Mexico

We evaluated impacts of progressive technological updates to bus rapid transit (BRT) systems on in-cabin concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and the various polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to which commuters were exposed. PM2.5 samples were collected and real-time concentrations measured from October 2017 to March 2020 inside cabins of BRT buses equipped with Euro IV, V and VI diesel emission standards in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). For effective comparison, similar samplings and measurements were carried out on trains in the MCMA underground (MCU) system. Peak in-cabin PM2.5 concentrations decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 35% from Euro IV to Euro V buses, and by 80% from Euro IV to Euro VI buses. PM2.5 concentrations inside Euro VI buses were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in Euro IV and Euro V buses and in underground trains. The in-cabin excess (ICE) of PM2.5 relative to ambient concentrations was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for Euro IV than for Euro V buses during morning the traffic peak, and consistently higher than for Euro VI buses. Indeed, ICEs calculated for Euro VI buses were always lower than those for electricity-powered underground trains. The frequency of hotspots decreased from Euro IV to Euro VI buses due to the combined effect of low emissions and closed, air-conditioned cabins. Concentrations of total PAHs including carcinogenic species also decreased from Euro IV to Euro V buses and were below limits of detection aboard Euro VI buses. This work shows that in real-life conditions, advanced diesel technologies and cabin design significantly reduce commuters’ exposure to PM2.5 and to toxic PAH compounds.

Ecological indicators and source diagnostic ratios of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments of Qatar

The marine ecosystems surrounding oil and gas production sites are particularly vulnerable to ecological harm that may be affected by its operations. In this study, we examined the composition, contaminant sources, and the potential ecological risk of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AH) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the marine sediments along the western coast of Qatar. The ΣAHs concentration ranged from <0.10 to 246 ng⋅g−1 (site SD2) while the ΣPAH concentration ranged from <0.10 to 44 ng⋅g−1 (site SD10). Pollution concentration profile was site specific where AH and PAH concentrations were relatively higher within close proximity to the oil and gas production. TOC appeared to be positively correlated with PAH and therefore a good indicator for PAH but not for AH. Low molecular weight even-carbon numbered alkanes (n-C10-18) were more abundant than the higher molecular weight (n-C20-34) AHs. The Σ16PAHs compositional analysis mean concentrations were composed of 2-ring (6%), 3-ring (18%), 4-ring (48%), 5-ring (28%), and 6-ring (0.14%), respectively. Fluoranthene obtained the highest concentration of 11 ng⋅g−1 (site SD10). Diagnostic ratios and hydrocarbon parameters suggested mixed sources of petrogenic, pyrolytic, and biomass except for vehicular traffic. The overall results for AH and PAH indicated low pollution based on pollution criteria and were below the threshold limit set by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (CSQG). This suggests low probability of a negative toxic effect caused by these contaminants however, continuous long term-monitoring is needed to ensure these pollutants do not exceed the current levels.

Supercritical water gasification of chicken manure continuously supplied into the reactor

The article presents the research results of the chicken manure gasification in supercritical water. The experiments were carried out using a tubular flow reactor at a pressure of 25 MPa, a temperature gradient along its vertical axis (390–600 °C from top to bottom), and a chicken manure flow rate of 6.9–9.6 g/min, including experiments with the addition of NaOH (2.4 wt%). Data were obtained on the yield and composition of carbonized residues, volatile and liquid products, as well as the content of toxic substances (phenols, N-containing aromatics, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and mineral components in effluent collected at the reactor outlet. It is shown that an increase in the residence time of reagents in the high-temperature region of the reactor (HTR) improves the gasification efficiency. Using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, it was revealed that phenol, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrrole, aniline, indole, quinoline, and their alkyl derivatives predominate in the composition of water-soluble products. The total content of phenols in effluent decreases from 1.3 to 1.1 g/dm3 when increasing the residence time of reagents in HTR, and does not depend on adding NaOH while the total content of N-containing aromatics decreases from 1.0 to 0.7 g/dm3 when adding NaOH. The content of PAHs, which is dominated by naphthalene, increases from 0.5 to 2.1 mg/dm3 in effluent when increasing the residence time of reagents in HTR. According to capillary electrophoresis data, increasing the residence time in HTR and adding NaOH result in increase of the content of NH4+ ions in effluent from 9.8 to 10.9 g/dm3.

Impacts of PAH accumulation on reproductive hormones, indices of oxidative stress and BPDE-albumin adduct in women with recurrent pregnancy loss

Chronic exposure to Poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Disruption of hormonal and redox balance by toxic PAH metabolites may interfere with successful pregnancy leading to miscarriage. The association of exposure to PAH contaminated mussel via the dietary route with perturbations in reproductive hormones, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and PAH metabolites were assessed in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Furthermore, an analysis of the concentration of PAHs in environmentally relevant bivalve animals was performed to preliminary get insights into the levels of these pollutants in the environment. Seventy-six women (20–35 years) were categorized into 18 fertile women without RPL (control), and Groups I, II, and III comprising 24, 18, and 16 women with RPL (2, 3, and > 3 abortions respectively) were studied. Whole blood samples were collected for the estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), progesterone (P4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), benzo[a]pyren-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-albumin adduct (BPDE-albumin) and urine for α-naphthol and β-naphthol. Two species of mussel Donax trunculus and Andar aduloii samples were collected for the estimation of 16 priority PAHs. The concentration of PAHs exceeding the maximum limits was observed in the two species of mussels studied. Higher levels of BPDE-albumin, MDA, GST, α and β-naphthol and lower GSH, catalase, FSH, and P4 were observed in women with RPL (Groups I-III) compared to controls (p = < 0.001). Negative associations were observed between BPDE-albumin and catalase (r = − 0.276, p = 0.036), and GSH (r = − 0.331, p = − 0.011) only in women with RPL. Collectively, our findings indicate a possible association of chronic PAH accumulation with recurrent pregnancy loss in women.Graphical abstractHigh PAH exposure in pregnant women is associated with 10-epoxide-albumin adduct formation and highMDA levels in their sera. On the other hand, PAH exposure in those women led to a decrease in theirGSH, catalase, P4, and FSH sera levels. These findings indicate that PAH exposure can exert differentphysiological effects in pregnant women leading to a high level of abortion in those women.

Human sperm proteome reveals the effect of environmental borne seminal polyaromatic hydrocarbons exposome in etiology of idiopathic male factor infertility.

Introduction: Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as redox active environmental toxicants inducing oxidative stress (OS) mediated injury to cells. Oxidative predominance is reported in 30%-80% of idiopathic male infertility (IMI) patients. Hence, this work aims to unravel correlation, if any, between seminal PAH exposome and sperm function in IMI patients through a proteomic approach. Methods: Seminal PAH exposome was analyzed in 43 fertile donors and 60 IMI patients by HPLC and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to find out the cut-off limits. Spermatozoa proteome was analyzed by label free liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) followed by molecular pathway analysis using bioinformatic tools. Validation of key proteins' expression and protein oxidative modifications were analyzed by western blot. Results and discussion: Of the 16 standards toxic PAH, 13 were detected in semen. Impact of the different PAHs on fertility are Anthracene < benzo (a) pyrene < benzo [b] fluoranthene < Fluoranthene < benzo (a) anthracene <indol (123CD) pyrene < pyrene < naphthalene < dibenzo (AH) anthracene < fluorene < 2bromonaphthalene < chrysene < benzo (GH1) perylene as revealed by ROC Curve analysis (AUCROC). Benzo [a] pyrene is invariably present in all infertile patients while naphthalene is present in both groups. Of the total 773 detected proteins (Control: 631 and PAH: 717); 71 were differentially expressed (13 underexpressed, 58 overexpressed) in IMI patients. Enrichment analysis revealed them to be involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation, DNA damage, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling, xenobiotic metabolism and induction of NRF-2 mediated OS response. Increased 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrosylated protein adduct formation, and declined antioxidant defense validates induction of OS. Increased GSH/GSSG ratio in patients may be an adaptive response for PAH metabolism via conjugation as evidenced by over-expression of AHR and Heat shock protein 90 beta (HSP90β) in patients. Seminal PAH concentrations, particularly benzo (a) pyrene can be used as a marker to distinguish IMI from fertile ones with 66.67% sensitivity and 100% specificity (95% confidence interval) along with oxidative protein modification and expression of AHR and HSP90β.

Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons Accumulated on Pholcidea Spider Webs in Basra Province

The study determined the concentrations of poly aromatic hydrocarbons accumulated on Pholcidea spider webs in Basra province from September 2021 to August 2022. It included five distributed stations over The province (Basra Center, Qurma Ali, Shatt Al-Arabs, Abu Al-Khasib and Al-Rumaila). The content of aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in spider web samples was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), Japanese-made and located at the Basra Oil Company, Nahran Bin Omar site, Shimadzu type. The results showed that the average concentration of hydrocarbons is higher in Basra station at 0.2798 dry weight and less in Al-Khasib station at 0.0028 dry weight. High temperatures compared to average temperatures, and the results showed a decrease in the level of deposition of aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the detected hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of other countries showed a high level of concentration compared to the results of the current study, and it was proved that the aromatic hydrocarbons in the nets of Pholcidea spiders are caused by A major determinant of traffic emissions is that the main determinant of hydrocarbon accumulation in spider webs is that only high molecular weight compounds can be effectively measured using spider webs. The aromatic hydrocarbons pattern showed similar levels of the compounds in all collected samples. However, these PAH levels were compounds from different sources such as industrial or traffic activities at different locations.

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons concentrations and Potential risk associated with popular beer brands consumed within Southeastern Nigeria

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons concentrations and Potential risk associated with popular beer brands consumed within Southeastern Nigeria

Macrocharcoal Signals in Histosols Reveal Wildfire History of Vast Western Siberian Forest-Peatland Complexes.

Fires are a naturally cyclical factor regulating ecosystems' function and forming new postfire ecosystems. Peat soils are unique archives that store information about ecological and climatic changes and the history of past fires during the Holocene. The paper presents a reconstruction of the dynamics of fires in the subzone of the middle taiga of Western Siberia in the Holocene. Data on fires were obtained based on the results of a study of the content of macroscopic coal particles and radiocarbon dating. The effect of fires on soil organic matter (SOM) was estimated using 13C NMR spectroscopy and the content of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is shown that throughout the Holocene, the peatlands studied were prone to fires. The conducted analyses show that the maximum content of charcoal particles is observed in the Atlantic (~9100-5800 cal. B.P.) and Subatlantic (~3100 cal. B.P. to the present) periods. The high correlation dependence of the content of coals with the content of PAHs (r = 0.56, p &lt; 0.05) and aromatic structures of SOM (r = 0.61, p &lt; 0.05) in peat horizons is shown, which can characterize these parameters as a reliable marker of pyrogenesis.

HEAVY METALS AND POLY AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONTAMINANTS IN SMOKED AND FRESH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS

This study investigated the level of heavy metals and poly aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in fresh and smoked African catfish, Clariasgariepinus from a cultured system in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of ten randomly selected life specimens of Clariasgariepinus were collected from the Marine Science Department (Aquaculture unit) University of Lagos and smoked in a 44 gallon smoking kiln for four hours. The heavy metals content was determined using FAO / SIDA, 1983 method while PAH was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS). The results of fresh fish samples obtained were compared withnonsmoked fish samples. Heavy metals and PAHs were detected in both samples at varying concentration. However, it was observed that there was higher concentration cadmium, lead, and zinc in smoked fish though not significantly (P &lt; 0.05) different from that in fresh fish whereas iron and copper were insignificantly (P &gt; 0.05) higher in fresh fish. Naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and benzo (g,h,i) perylene} were higher in the smoked fishes though Naphthalene, and anthracene were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in smoked fishes than fresh fishes. The maximum concentration of lead was 0.0492 mg/kg that is higher than the EPA safety limit (0.001 mg/kg) while 2 methylnaphthalene concentration was highest in the smoked fishes with a mean value of 4.13 mg/kg. The statistical analysis using one way ANOVA showed that there was significant (P &lt; 0.05) differences in the heavy metals and PAH content in the fresh and smoked fish. This study suggests that smoked fish have higher concentrations of heavy metals and poly aromatic hydrocarbons which might pose a health risk to humans when consumed

PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATION OF PAH AND TRACE HEAVY METALS IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM A PETEROLEUM REFINING AREA

The concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in soil samples from vicinity around a petroleum refinery in Nigeria was investigated in an attempt to elucidate its public health implication. Soil samples were collected from three stations around the refinery; Ifie, Ijala and Ubeji which are in close proximity to the Refinery. Soil samples collected were digested and extracted for PAHs and Heavy metals using standard methods while analysis was carried out using a Gas Chromatograph and an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer respectively. Health impact of the concentrations of PAH and heavy metals were estimated using the chronic daily intake and the hazard quotient. Results showed varying concentrations of PAH and Heavy metals in soil samples from the vicinities close to Warri refinery. The concentrations of the heavy metals followed the sequence; Zn&gt;Cu&gt;Mn&gt;Pb&gt;Cr&gt;Ni&gt;Cd, while the predominant PAHs were Benzo (a) anthracene, pyrene and chrysene. Ubeji station had the highest PAH and heavy metal concentrations in soil samples. Health risk assessment of heavy metals showed that there were no potential noncarcinogenic effects from exposure through accidental ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation because estimates were below the safety threshold. However, health risks assessment of PAH in soil samples indicated that there is a potential for carcinogenic effects upon dermal exposure to PAH. This study highlights the environmental pollution problems and public health concerns of petroleum refining, particularly the potential hazards of to the health of individuals residing in areas close to the refinery.