Concentrations Of Phosphorus Compounds Research Articles

Monitoring of Phosphorus Compounds in the Influence Zone Affected by Nuclear Power Plant Water Discharge in the Styr River (Western Ukraine): Case Study

The main causes of surface water pollution with phosphate ions are various human activities. Monitoring the content of phosphorus compounds in surface waters is important for the management of water bodies. Phosphorus is an essential element for the life of flora and fauna, but in excessive amounts it can have a harmful effect on the environment. The inflow of phosphorus compounds into the Styr River (Western Ukraine) occurs as a result of the discharge of cooling water from the Rivne NPP’s cooling water system. This article has three purposes: (1) The inflow of phosphorus compounds to the Styr River occurs with the discharge of cooling water using 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP); (2) phosphorus compounds (phosphate ions, HEDP, and total phosphorus in surface waters of the Styr River) are monitored and analyzed, and the analysis of the quality of river water is carried out in accordance with environmental standards for the content of phosphorus compounds in the zone of influence of the Rivne NPP; (3) in terms of phosphorus content, the quality of the water of the Styr River, after the discharge of the Rivne NPP’s cooling water, is characterized as “satisfactory” and belongs to Class III. A seasonal trend of changes in the content of phosphate ions and total phosphorus was found, and the concentration of HEDP in the water of the Styr River depends on the technological dosage mode during the corrective treatment of the Rivne NPP.

CONTENT OF MOBILE PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS UNDER DIFFERENT METHODS AND RATES OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION DURING THE PERIOD OF THEIR ACTIVE CONSUMPTION BY POTATO PLANTS

The article highlights the results of research on the influence of spread and local fertilization methods on the duration of localization, availability and migration of phosphorus compounds in the subsoil zone during the cultivation of seed potatoes. The research was conducted in a field experiment of the Department of Agrochemistry and Quality of Crop Production in the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine on the land use territory of Biotech LTD (Boryspil district, Kyiv region) during 2019-2022. FPK 8-24 was used as a pre-sowing fertilizer in the variant with a spreading method using a self-propelled sprayer Tecnoma Lazer 3000, and potassium chloride was applied using a John Deere 6195M unit and a spreader MVD 1000, followed by their incorporation with a Vaderstad Carrier CR 400 disk to a depth of 10 cm. Localized application was carried out by a unit consisting of a John Deere 8300 and a Peliper RV 3000 cultivator: phosphorus fertilizers (RKD 8-24) were applied with a tape (15 cm depth), and potash fertilizers were applied in a strip (10-12 cm width, 18-20 cm depth) (Bykin & Panchuk, 2021). Nitrogen fertilizers, as a background in all variants, were applied to the pre-sowing soil in the form of UAN-25 + S4, considering the nitrogen applied with FFR 8-24. The use of local fertilization allows to better optimize the nutrition of potato plants. During the period of active phosphorus consumption, a higher content of phosphorus compounds was observed in the variants where fertilizers were applied locally than in the variant where fertilizers were applied in a scattered manner. In particular, even with the application of a reduced rate of fertilizers (P40K90) locally on the background of N150, a higher content of phosphorus and potassium in the soil during the growing season was observed compared to the variant where the full rate of fertilizers (P80K180) was applied on the background of N150 by the scatter method. It was found that fertilizer localization provided a longer period of phosphorus availability in high concentrations. Also, the formation of concentration zones in deeper soil layers was noted, which were less affected by the negative effects of weather conditions and provided potato plants with this element even when the upper soil layers dried out.

ЗМІНИ ХІМІЧНИХ І МІКРОМОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ҐРУНТІВ ПОЛТАВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ УКРАЇНИ ЗА ОСТАННІ 130 РОКІВ

The purpose of the scientific publication is a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and microstructure of modern samples of typical chernozems (Vermic Haplic Chernozem) and meadow-typical chernozem soils (Gleyic Chernozem) with 130-year-old samples taken by V.I. Vernadsky in the Kremenchuk district of Poltava region. Age-related changes in the content of organic matter and oxides revealed significant differences in the genesis of natural and agrogenic edaphotopes of the southern of Poltava region. In the conditions of natural edaphotopes, an increase in the total humus content by an average of 0.8 % in five cases out of six is recorded. On the other hand, for all soil samples from agrogenic edaphotopes, a decrease in the humus content by an average of 1.1 % is identified. A slight (1.1 times) but more intense increase in the content of silica (SiO2) in agrogenic edaphotopes (almost 10 %), compared with edaphotopes of natural biogeocenoses (by 5.5 %), as well as an increase in the content of alumina (Al2O3) on average in two times (by 3.7 %) are established. A decrease in the content of Phosphorus compounds by an average of 1.4 times (by 0.1%) against the background of an increase in the content of substances containing Potassium by 7.5 times (by 1.4 %) is registered. The homogeneity of the micromorphological organization of organogenic and mineral components of soils of modern samples and samples taken 130 years ago is revealed. Based on the research results, recommendations for the scientific substantiation of a comprehensive project of environmental measures aimed at protection and balanced uses of Poltava soils are formulated.

Аge changes in animal tissues depending on the content of phosphorus compounds in the organism

Аge changes in animal tissues depending on the content of phosphorus compounds in the organism

Response of Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties to the Application of Effective Microorganisms in the Water of the Turawa Reservoir

Effective microorganisms (EM) technology was used to find the optimal method of water restoration in the designated experimental area. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of EM biopreparation on selected physicochemical and microbiological properties using ISO methods. A week after the application of biopreparations, a slight decrease in the nitrates content (0.375–0.531 mg L−1) and a significant decrease in the content of phosphorus compounds (0.130–0.304 mg L−1) compared to the control date were observed. Moreover, on the second date, the decrease in most values of microbiological properties was noted. Two weeks after the application, in most cases, the values of water quality properties were shaped close to values obtained in the control date (before EM application). The EM effect was rather short-term, but optimization of application properties may prolong the effect and thus, include the EM technology among the best eco-friendly technologies used for freshwater ecosystem restoration.

Epilithic lichen cover in assessing the quality of the coastal water environment in Karelia

The paper summarizes the data obtained by analyzing the reaction of the coastal epilithic lichen cover tothe chemical parameters of water in reservoirs of different types and uses. The study was carried out on the shores of freshwater bodies (Lake Onega, Lake Ladoga, Lososinka, Suna rivers) with different anthropogenic pressures in the Republicof Karelia. At each place of study, the lichen cover was described at the survey sites (frame 10 x 20 cm) along the transectand water samples were taken for chemical analysis. The aim of the work is to identify indicators of the coastal epilithic lichen cover to indicate the quality of the aquatic environment and assess the state of coastal ecosystems. The lichen flora ofthe surveyed coasts of fresh water bodies has 53 species, the highest species diversity of lichens is characterized by placeswithout obvious sources of pollution – the Kivach reserve (29 species), the shores of Lake Ladoga (27 species) and the Botanical Garden of PetrSU (16 species), and in urban conditions ( Petrozavodsk), a large settlement (Yanishpole) and nearthe pulp and paper industry (Kondopoga), the number of lichen species is much lower (8, 5 and 4). Regression analysisshowed the dependence of the number of lichen species on the registration site on the concentration of phosphorus compounds in water (p < 0.05). A tendency to a decrease in species diversity and a decrease in the total coverage of lichens withan increase in nitrogenous compounds in water was noted. This made it possible to propose the epilithic lichen cover as anobject-indicator of the state of the coastal water environment under conditions of anthropogenic pollution of water bodies.

Treatment Wetland effluent quality improvement by usage sorbents of various origin

TWs are finding as low-cost and also effective system to treat domestic wastewater. The aim of this study is to find suitable adsorbing material for application in an additional treatment unit where treatment wetlands do not provide sufficient PO43- reduction level. Material M1 is a fine-grained by-product of thermal treatment of carbonate-siliceous rock (opoka) with high content of calcium carbonate CaCO3 in temperature 700°C. Particular disadvantage of material M1 can be very high level of pH (11-12) and causing alkaline solution. Material M2 is lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB) and was already used for reducing content of phosphorus compounds in lakes and other water bodies to treat effects of eutrophication process. Lanthanum-modified bentonite consists mostly SiO2 and Al2O3 (~80%). The study was conducted on effluent from small (60 pe) treatment wetland (TW) in northern Poland where Hybrid Treatment Wetland (HTW) system was provided. Sorption capacity of material M1 was low and equal 0.9 mg/g. For material M2 this parameter reached value of 2.1 mg/g. Lanthanum-modified bentonite (M2) has shown better abilities to reduce phosphates from wastewater that material M1 – material containing mostly calcium oxide. Also performed study revealed that presence of others contaminations in wastewater is causing difficulties in phosphates removal.

Removal of phosphorus compounds from water experience from technological research

The aim of the technological research was to determine the technology which would enable reduction of the concentration of phosphorus compounds in water to the level of 0.02 mg PTot/dm3. The raw water during the study period was characterized by a pH of 6.66 to 7.62 and a variable concentration of phosphorus compounds ranging from 0.150 to 0.366 mg PTot/dm3, including phosphates in the range of 0.039 to 0.089 mg PO4/dm3. The concentration of chlorides was below 10 mg Cl/dm3 and sulphates did not exceed 14 mg SO4/dm3. Treated water was intended for soil application therefore its quality after treatment could not exceed the limit values set forth in the regulations in force during the study period. The conducted research has shown that the use of the coagulation process based on the ferric coagulant PIX 112 combined with rapid filtration ensures the required quality of the treated water, among other things, through lowering the concentration of PTot to 0.02 mg/dm3.

On the use of 31P NMR for the quantification of hydrosoluble phosphorus-containing compounds in coral host tissues and cultured zooxanthellae.

31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was assessed to investigate the phosphorus-containing compounds present in the tissues of the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata as well as of cultured zooxanthellae (CZ). Results showed that phosphorus-containing compounds observed in CZ were mainly phosphate and phosphate esters. Phosphate accounted for 19 ± 2% of the total phosphorus compounds observed in CZ maintained under low P-levels (0.02 μM). Adding 5 mM of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (KH2PO4) to the CZ culture medium led to a 3.1-fold increase in intracellular phosphate, while adding 5 mM of dissolved organic phosphorus led to a reduction in the concentration of phosphorus compounds, including a 2.5-fold intracellular phosphate decrease. In sharp contrast to zooxanthellae, the host mainly contained phosphonates, and to a lesser extent, phosphate esters and phosphate. Two-months of host starvation decreased the phosphate content by 2.4 fold, while bleaching of fed corals did not modify this content. Based on 31P NMR analyses, this study highlights the importance of phosphonates in the composition of coral host tissues, and illustrates the impact of phosphorus availability on the phosphorus composition of host tissues and CZ, both through feeding of the host and inorganic phosphorus enrichment of the CZ.

DISTRIBUTION AND VARIABILITY OF PHOSPHATE-MOBILIZING BACTERIA AND PHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS IN THE DANUBE COASTAL WATERS

In 2010-2012 on the coastal waters of theDanubeRiverthe character of the distribution and variability of phosphorus compounds, as well as the phosphate and heterotrophic bacteria were analyzed.There is lacks of bioavailable phosphorus compounds in the ecosystem of the coastal waters, which is due to excessive intake of nitrogen compounds from the Danube River basin. The number of heterotrophic and the phosphatemobilising bacteria in the surface layer of the seaside exceeds the value in the bottom layer and increases with distance from the edge of the delta. In the bottom layer at various depths the distribution of the bacteria are mainly homogenous. The number of bacteria, mobilizing phosphate from sparingly soluble compounds made 29-78% of the number of heterotrophic bacteria in the surface layer, and 44-85% in the bottom layer. The content of phosphorus compounds generally positively correlated with quantitative indices of the phosphate and heterotrophic bacteria, due to the leading role of "microbial loop" in the biological cycle of phosphorus in the coastal water ecosystem. Negative correlation of the coefficients between the number of bacteria and soluble inorganic compounds and organic phosphorus compounds (p <0.05) were registered only for the bottom layer in November 2012, which is probably due to the full utilization of phosphorus by bacteria and its accumulation in cells.Abiotic environmental factors - temperature and salinity - have no significant impact on the abundance of bacteria. Microbial degradation of organic matter is related to the saturation of water with oxygen and is characterized by an inverse relationship with the number of bacteria in the warm season, and direct - in the cold. Revealed correlations enhance understanding of the ways of phosphorus transformation in water column and the role of bacteria in these processes.

Quantitative 31P-MRS Reveals Different Phosphorus Compound Contents in the Muscle between Trained and Untrained Subjects

We reported that the ratio of phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was related to the fiber type composition in human skeletal muscle using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). Moreover, in other studies, it was shown that the PCr/ATP and PCr/inorganic phosphate (Pi) ratios in sprinters were higher than those in marathon runners and controls. However, it is unclear which compounds affect these ratios because it is difficult to determine the absolute concentrations of the compounds by general 31P-MRS. PURPOSE: This study aimed to establish quantitative 31P-MRS and, using it, to compare the concentrations of phosphorus compounds in the thigh muscle among untrained (UT), endurance-trained (ET), and sprint-trained (ST) subjects. METHODS: Thirty-one male subjects (9 UT, 10 ET, and 12 ST) participated in this study. The ET and ST subjects were collegiate students who performed specialized training regularly. The concentrations of phosphorus compounds in the thigh muscle (vastus lateralis and intermedius muscles) were determined noninvasively by performing localized 31P-MRS with extended image selective in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS) on a clinical MR system at 3T. By comparing the 31P-MRS spectra of the muscle and standard solution (50 mM KH2PO4), the concentrations of PCr, ATP, and Pi were determined. RESULTS: The PCr and ATP concentrations in ST were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those in UT and ET (39.8±2.1, 36.5±3.3, and 34.8±1.3 mM in PCr; 6.7±0.9, 8.2±0.9, and 7.9±0.7 mM in ATP, respectively) (P<0.05) while there was no significant difference between UT and ET, but there was a tendency toward a lower PCr in ET than in UT. Moreover, ST showed a higher PCr/ATP than UT or ET (6.3±1.0, 4.5±0.5, and 4.4±0.3, respectively) (P<0.01). No difference was noted among UT, ET, and ST in the Pi level or PCr/Pi (3.3±0.6, 3.7±0.6, and 3.7±0.7 mM in Pi; 11.2±2.3, 9.6±1.8, and 10.9±1.9 in PCr/Pi, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The concentrations of phosphorus compounds based on quantitative 31P-MRS with extended ISIS in this study were comparable to those of previous studies. The present results demonstrate that ST possesses not only a higher PCr but also a lower ATP concentration than UT or ET. Supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25560346.

SYMPTOMS OF WATER EUTROPHICATION IN THE BACHMATY RESERVOIR

When analyzing the symptoms of eutrophication and water quality in a small retention reservoir Bachmaty, an attempt to assess changes in its trophic condition before and after modernization, was undertaken. The study upon changes in water trophic level was carried out on a small retention reservoir Bachmaty located in Podlasie region on the Orlanka river in the municipality of Dubicze Cerkiewne. Tests of water samples collected from the surface layer of the coastal zone were performed once a month, and the time of the research was divided into two periods. The first period was conducted since April 2007 to March 2008 and since April 2009 to March 2010. The second research period included the time immediately after the reservoir reclamation, which ended in May 2011. The study was conducted since May 2011 to March 2012 and since April 2013 to March 2014. The trophic level of Bachmaty reservoir was also assessed according to the concentration criteria and based on the trophic status indices (TSI) calculated after Carlson’s as well as Kratzer and Brezonik’s. Reclamation of the reservoir, which consisted mainly in removing the sediments, caused a reduction in all TSI values. Analysing the overall trophic level index, i.e. the average of TSI (TP), TSI (TN), and TSI (Chl), water of the Bachmaty reservoir may be classified as eutrophic in individual years of the research, although a gradual decline in the TSI value could be observed directly after the reservoir modernizing. After testing it was found that the formation of the trophic level of Bachmaty reservoir was largely affected by the amount of total phosphorus supplied to the water. Water quality in the reservoirs, and also the content of phosphorus compounds is largely determined by external supply.

The effect of catchment area management on biogenic element concentrations in the water of small ponds

Abstract The aim of this study, conducted during the 1997-2001 period in the Olsztyn Lakeland, was to determine the effect of soil type and land use in the catchment areas of small ponds, on the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, as well as calcium and potassium, in water. The concentrations of all the nutrients (except for nitrite ions) in the water of small ponds were found to be significantly correlated with the soil type dominating in the catchment area. The domination of loamy sands in the catchment areas of small ponds caused an increase in the concentrations of nitrates, phosphorus and potassium, while the domination of light silty loam caused an increase the calcium content of the water. The highest and lowest concentrations of phosphorus compounds and potassium were recorded in water from small ponds located in agricultural (arable land - AL, fallow - FA) and afforested catchments, respectively.

Seasonal variability in phosphorus concentrations in strongly eutrophic Lake Chełmżyńskie

Seasonal variability in phosphorus concentrations in strongly eutrophic Lake ChełmżyńskieThe results of the monthly examinations of Lake Chełmżyńskie carried out during the vegetation periods in the years 2007-2009 made it possible to define seasonal variability in the concentrations of phosphorus compounds. The examinations showed that the bottom deposits constitute a considerable source of phosphates. The release of phosphates from the deposits began as early as in mid May and with the occurrence of anoxic conditions. A particularly high concentration of phosphates in the near-bottom layer was recorded in the southeast pool of the lake (max. 0.658 mg P l-1). The central part of the lake showed a lower concentration of phosphates near the bottom, yet due to the partial thermal stratification of its waters, it was the main place for the transport of the bio-element to the euphotic zone. The intense transport of phosphates occurred mainly during the short periods of strong winds. The analysis of the meteorological data obtained from the Integrated Natural Environment Monitoring - Station Koniczynka prove that winds, whose mean daily velocity values exceeded 8.0 m s-1, brought about particularly intense and deep water mixing. A very significant increase in the concentration of phosphorus compounds in the epilimnion was recorded in the years 2007 and 2008, and it resulted in the violent development of phytoplankton. The results of the examinations conducted in the years 2007-2009 showed that Lake Chełmżyńskie was classified as a strongly eutrophic lake. The ecological condition of the lake was defined as poor according to the Water Framework Directive. Reclamation works including the inactivation of phosphates in the bottom deposits are indispensable in order to improve the ecological and trophic state of the lake.

Phosphorus-containing carbon deposits on silica gel Si-100

A series of carbon/silica gel (CS) samples at different concentration of phosphorus compounds ( C P) was synthesized by carbonization of glucose in the presence of phosphoric acid on silica gel Si-100 in a rotary reactor in a nitrogen atmosphere at 500 °C (5 h) at a heating rate of 2 and 4 °C/min (from 20 to 500 °C). Prepared CS samples were studied using adsorption (nitrogen, Cd(II)), thermal analysis, titration, and spectroscopic (FTIR, XRF, XRD) methods in gaseous and liquid media. Contributions of nano-, meso-, and macropores to total porosity and specific surface area depend strongly on the C P value and the heating rate. An increase in the C P value enhances the negative surface charge density and the adsorption of Cd(II) characterized by a bi- or trimodal distribution function of Cd(II) binding constant f( K n) over a broad K n range.

Studies on Dissolved Metalloenzymes in Lake Water. III. Correlation between Dissolved Alkaline Phosphatase and Orthophosphate in Lake Water

Abstract Alkaline phosphatase activity (both dissolved and total) in Lake Kasumigaura was determined periodically together with concentrations of phosphorus compounds therein. Distinct negative correlation was found between the dissolved alkaline phosphatase activity and the orthophosphate concentration during the phosphorus-limited season. The decrease of the concentration of dissolved alkaline phosphatase was observed at the level of 1 ng ml−1 of orthophosphate. The present results suggest that both alkaline phosphatase in vivo and dissolved alkaline phosphatase in the lake water play important roles in phosphorus cycles in natural water.

Content of phosphorus compounds in tissues of the right and left ventricles of dogs after vagotomy

Content of phosphorus compounds in tissues of the right and left ventricles of dogs after vagotomy

On the paper chromatographically determined content of phosphorus compounds in the acid-soluble fraction of blood. IV. Research on the blood of bovine fetuses and calves

On the paper chromatographically determined content of phosphorus compounds in the acid-soluble fraction of blood. IV. Research on the blood of bovine fetuses and calves

Some aspects of phosphorus metabolism in bone marrow. II. Changes in the content of phosphorus compounds and reducing substances in bone marrow and spleen, caused by ionizing radiation and other factors which depress the function of blood-forming tissue.

Some aspects of phosphorus metabolism in bone marrow. II. Changes in the content of phosphorus compounds and reducing substances in bone marrow and spleen, caused by ionizing radiation and other factors which depress the function of blood-forming tissue.

L'organisation du vitellus dans les œufs d'amphibiens

The separation of the vitelline platelets of amphibean eggs has been effected by employing a method which consists alternately of slow centrifuging and decanting of solutions in isotonic NaCl and in 33% sucrose. In this manner two different kinds of platelets, small and large can be characterized. They appear to be markedly different from one another when analyzed for their content of phosphorus compounds and their phospho-protein-phosphatase activity. The similarity with the cytoplasmic granules which can be separated by differential centrifuging is discussed. Various observations lead to the recognition of a certain diversity in the structure of the phosphoproteins composing the platelets. Thus the small platelets seem to be small organs endowed with a certain activity and playing an important part in ovogenesis and embryogenesis.