Wood Vinegar Concentration Research Articles

Optimizing Cucumis sativus seedling vigor: the role of pistachio wood vinegar and date palm compost in nutrient mobilization.

The goal of this research is to enhance the quality of cucumber seedlings grown in greenhouses by experimenting with various soilless culture mediums (CMs) and the application of pistachio wood vinegar (WV). The experimental setup was designed as a factorial experiment within a randomized complete block design (RCBD), in greenhouse conditions featuring three replications to assess the effects of different culture media (CMs) and concentrations of pistachio wood vinegar (WV) on cucumber seedling growth. Cucumber seeds were planted in three CMs: coco peat-peat moss, coco peat-vermicompost, and date palm compost-vermicompost mixed in a 75:25 volume-to-volume ratio. These were then treated with pistachio WV at concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1%, applied four times during irrigation following the emergence of the third leaf. The study revealed that treating seedlings with 0.5% WV in the date palm compost-vermicompost CM significantly enhanced various growth parameters. Specifically, it resulted in a 90% increase in shoot fresh mass, a 59% increase in shoot dry mass, an 11% increase in root fresh mass, a 36% increase in root dry mass, a 65% increase in shoot length, a 62% increase in leaf area, a 25% increase in stem diameter, a 41% increase in relative water content (RWC), and a 6% improvement in membrane stability index (MSI), all in comparison to untreated seedlings grown in coco peat-peat moss CM. Furthermore, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels were 2.3, 2.7, 2.6, and 2.7 times higher, respectively, in seedlings treated with 0.5% WV and grown in the date palm compost-vermicompost CM, compared to those treated with the same concentration of WV but grown in coco peat-peat moss CM. Additionally, the Fv/Fm ratio saw a 52% increase. When plant nutrition was enhanced with the date palm compost-vermicompost CM and 1% WV, auxin content rose by 130% compared to seedlings grown in coco peat-peat moss CM and treated with 0.5% WV. The study demonstrates that using 0.5% WV in conjunction with date palm compost-vermicompost CM significantly betters the quality of cucumber seedlings, outperforming other treatment combinations.

The Potential of Wood Vinegar to Replace Antimicrobials Used in Animal Husbandry—A Review

The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry can result in various types of environmental contamination. Part of the dose of these products is excreted, still active, in the animals’ feces and urine. These excreta are widely used as organic fertilizers, which results in contamination with antimicrobial molecules. The impacts can occur in several compartments, such as soil, groundwater, and surface watercourses. Also, contamination by antimicrobials fed or administrated to pigs, chickens, and cattle can reach the meat, milk, and other animal products, which calls into question the sustainability of using these products as part of eco-friendly practices. Therefore, a search for alternative natural products is required to replace the conventional antimicrobials currently used in animal husbandry, aiming to mitigate environmental contamination. We thus carried out a review addressing this issue, highlighting wood vinegar (WV), also known as pyroligneous acid, as an alternative antimicrobial with good potential to replace conventional products. In this regard, many studies have demonstrated that WV is a promising product. WV is a nontoxic additive widely employed in the food industry to impart a smoked flavor to foods. Studies have shown that, depending on the WV concentration, good results can be achieved using it as an antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria and fungi and a valuable growth promoter for poultry and pigs.

Effect of eucalyptus wood vinegar on reproductive performance of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks

ABSTRACT Alternative treatments to control ticks are being increasingly investigated, including natural products to decrease parasitic resistance and environmental impact. The present study investigated the chemical profile of eucalyptus wood vinegar and evaluated its effect on the reproduction of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Eucalyptus wood vinegar (WV) was tested at several concentrations. For the experiment, 500 engorged females were collected from canine hosts. The female ticks were distributed by weight in groups of ten per WV concentration, with five replicates per treatment. For all tests, the ticks were immersed for 5 min in a solution with each WV concentration. The positive control was amitraz and negative was water. The major components of the WV’s organic fraction were furfural and phenolic compounds. A significant decrease in egg hatching was observed in the WV concentration range from 65 to 1,000 mg mL−1. When parameters such as the percentage of hatching, female weight, and egg mass were evaluated, the efficiency of the product was verified as being between 84.97% and 99.38% in the concentration range of 65 to 1,000 mg mL–1, respectively. There is a real potential for using eucalyptus WV to control dog ticks since it negatively affects the reproductive cycle of the parasites.

Green remediation of Ni, Zn, and Cu in an electroplating contaminated site by wood vinegar with optimization and risk assessment

Wood vinegar (WV) is a renewable organic compound, possessing characteristics such as high oxygenated compound content and low negative impact on soil. Based on its weak acid properties and complexing ability to potentially toxic elements (PTEs), WV was used to leach Ni, Zn, and Cu contaminated soil in electroplating sites. In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was established to clarify the interaction between each single factor, and finally completed the risk assessment of the soil. The amounts of PTEs leached from the soil climbed with the increase of WV concentration, liquid-solid ratio, and leaching time, while they surged with the decrease of pH. Under optimal leaching circumstances (the concentration of WV= 100 %; washing time= 919 min; pH= 1.00), the removal rates of Ni, Zn, and Cu could reach 91.7 %, 57.8 %, and 65.0 %, respectively, and the WV-extracted PTEs were mainly from the Fe-Mn oxides fraction. After leaching, the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) decreased from an initial value of 7.08 (indicating severe pollution) to 0.450 (indicating no pollution). The potential ecological risk index (RI) dropped from 274 (medium level) to 39.1 (low level). Additionally, the potential carcinogenic risk (CR) values reduced by 93.9 % for both adults and children. The results revealed that the washing process significantly reduced the pollution level, potential ecological risk, and health risk. Coupled with FTIR and SEM-EDS analysis, the mechanism of WV removal of PTEs could be explained from three aspects: acid activation, H+ ion exchange, and functional group complexation. In summary, WV is an eco-friendly and high-efficiency leaching material for the remediation of PTEs polluted sites, which will maintain soil function and protect human health.

RESPON TANAMAN OKRA MERAH (Abelmoschus esculantus L.) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN CUKA KAYU

This study aims to determine the best concentration of wood vinegar on the growth and yield of okra plants ( Abelmoschus esculantus L). This research has been carried out in Kenten Laut, Sukamaju, Sako, Palembang Indonesia from October 2017 to January 2018. The design of the research was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 (five) treatments and 5 (five) replications. The treatment studied was the concentration of wood vinegar, namely P0 = control, P1 = 10 ml of wood vinegar/liter of water, P2 = 20 ml of wood vinegar/liter of water, P3 = 30 ml of wood vinegar/liter of water, P4 = 40 ml of wood vinegar/ liter of water. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of branche, age of flowering, number of flowers per plant, number of fruit per plant, fruit production (yield) per plot. Based on the results of the study can be concluded that wood vinegar with concentration of 40 ml/liter water (P4) increased plant height, number of leaves, amount of fruit, fruit weight per plant, and the yield per plot. Keywords: ocra, wood vinegar

Germination and Growth Performance of Water-Saving and Drought-Resistant Rice Enhanced by Seed Treatment with Wood Vinegar and Biochar under Dry Direct-Seeded System

Dry direct-seeded rice (dry-DSR) is an efficient, resource-saving and environmentally friendly cropping system. The employment of water-saving and drought-resistant rice (WDR) for dry direct-seeding can better meet the needs of dry-direct seeding systems. However, the decline in seedling emergence rate and poor seedling growth are the main bottlenecks under current direct-seeded rice production. Seed treatment is a sustainable and effective technique to overcome these issues. Therefore, growth chamber and field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of poplar wood vinegar (WV) priming and rice straw biochar (BC) coating on emergence, establishment, growth, physio-biochemical events, and ultimate yield. We treated the seeds of WDR viz., Hanyou 73 with WV, BC, and co-treatment WV + BC. The results showed that seed priming with 1:50 WV concentration and coating with 20% BC content was the optimal ratio for promoting germination and seedling growth. The field evaluation indicated that individual WV and BC markedly promoted the final emergence by 58% and 31%, respectively, while co-treatment WV + BC increased by 67%. Likewise, WV and BC significantly enhanced total seedling biomass by 26% and 10%, respectively, and the respective enhancement of WV + BC was 31%. For ultimate yield, WV and BC produced 12% and 19% higher grain yield, respectively, whereas WV + BC yielded 20%. The above results revealed that WV and WV + BC were the most effective treatment. Our findings may provide new avenues for advancing pre-sowing seed treatments facilitating the stand establishment and grain yield of dry direct-seeded rice.

THE EFFECT OF PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE STRATIFICATION ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOUND OF WOOD VINEGAR PRODUCTION FROM HARDWOOD, SOFTWOOD, AND BAMBOO

Generally, wood vinegar (WV) is produced from one-step carbonization for all purposes, i.e., antibacterial, food preservative, and agriculture. This carbonization process will result in WV with high phenol content. High phenol is beneficial for antimicrobials but can cause damage to plants if the WV concentration is not suitable. This research aimed to examine the effects of pyrolysis temperature stratification on three other biomass pyrolysis. This study uses hardwood, softwood, and nonwood waste, which are pyrolyzed with temperature stratification, namely 200, 300, 400, and 500 oC. Proximates of raw material, pH, specific gravity, acetic acid, phenol, FTIR, and GCMS were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the WV. The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature stratification affected the physicochemical of WV. The lowest acetic acid and phenol primarily obtained at a temperature of 200 oC, found in teak wood vinegar (TWV), followed by bamboo (BWV) and pine wood (PWV), i.e., 1.92%, 4.9%, 8.02% (acetic acid) 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.52% (phenol) respectively. In general, liquid smoke at 200 oC is dominated by 2-methoxy phenol (in TWV & PWV), but at BWV, it is dominated by 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol. There were four dominant groups of compounds, namely acids, phenols, lactones, and carbonyls.

Penggunaan Asap Cair dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk Pengendalian Jamur Phytophthora citrophthora secara In Vitro

Efficacy of wood vinegar produced from empty fruit bunches (EFB) against Phytophthora citrophthora fungus was evaluated. The objective of the present work is to to evaluate antifungal properties of wood vinegar from EFB against P. citrophthora fungus . Three kinds of wood vinegar were used three temperatures i.e. 350, 400 and 450 °C. Efficacy of wood vinegar from EFB for antifungal is a factorial 3 by 4 in a completely randomized design; the first factor was pyrolysis temperature of wood vinegar from EFB (350, 400, and 450 °C) and the second factor was treatment of concentration of wood vinegar from EFB (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %, v/v). The results showed that pyrolysis temperature effect of wood vinegar from EFB and concentration of wood vinegar were significantly different for inhibition of fungal growth. The highest inhibition was on wood vinegar for EFB with temperature pyrolysis of 450 ° C and concentration of wood vinegar of 1% with average value of 100%.

New horizons in the application of a neglected biomass pyrolysis byproduct: A marked simultaneous decrease in ammonia and carbon dioxide emissions

During the process of biochar production, large amounts of wood vinegar (WV) are obtained as a byproduct, and the objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of this byproduct in reducing the ammonia (NH3) pollution and greenhouse gas emissions that are associated with animal husbandry. Special attention was given to the potential of WV in bringing about NH3 and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions, and the dynamic mean of the concentrations of NH3 and CO2 as well as the effect of WV on several environmental indicators were investigated. For the first time, a positive correlation was observed between the removal efficiencies of NH3 and CO2 and WV concentration. Specifically, when the concentration of WV was 7%, the highest removal efficiencies for NH3 and CO2 were obtained (79.1 ± 1.8 and 54.3 ± 4.9%, respectively). These results confirmed that acidification using WV could be a promising approach for the synergistic mitigation of NH3 and CO2 emission in swine houses. The results of this study also clarify the connection between the products of biomass pyrolysis, livestock sector pollution, and gas emission reduction. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study will generate a global discussion regarding the removal of the pollutants that are associated with animal housing facilities and these three fields to the end of promoting green development and cleaner production globally.

Odun sirkesinin çayır otu silajının besin değeri ve fermentasyonu üzerine etkisi

This study was carried out to determine the effects of wood vinegar (WV) used in different concentrations on nutrient composition, fermentation progress and microflora of grass silage. The study material was composed one control (0% WV) and three experimental groups consisting 0.5%, 1% and 2% WV, respectively. Each group was made with four replicates. WV was applied to the grass prepared from the natural meadow of Kafkas University and prepared in the laboratory scale conditions by spray method at the given rates (0.5%, 1% and 2%). The samples were ensiled in 1.0 L anaerobic jars. pH, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber analyses were performed on the samples opened on the 60th day of fermentation. Also, microbiological analyses were performed for lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and mold by the plate count method. As a result of silage trials carried out under laboratory-scale conditions, WV did not affect nutritional values (P>0.05). The highest pH among the treatment groups was observed in the 2% WV added group (P<0.05). While the number of lactic acid bacteria in the WV groups (0.5 and 1%) did not change when compared to the control group (P>0.05), the highest (2%) concentration of WV showed significant antimicrobial activity on lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05). Also, it has been determined that WV may reduce yeast and mold growth compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Evaluation of joint effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate and wood vinegar on planarians, Dugesia japonica

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant and can cause oxidative stress in animals. Wood vinegar (WV) is the water condensate of smoke produced during wood carbonization. It was used for antibacterial application, pest control, and antioxidant. In the study, PFOS and WV were used to treat the planarian, and then the oxidative stress induced by PFOS on the planarian (Dugesia japonica) and the protective effects of WV on lipid peroxidation, related antioxidant enzyme activity, and mRNA expression in the planarian were studied. PFOS caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and a change in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) activities. The mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase gene (gpx), glutathione S-transferase enzyme gene (gst), and glutathione reductase gene (gr) are upregulated or downregulated to varying degrees. The WV and co-treatment planarians reduced MDA levels, increased the activities of oxidative stress biomarker enzymes, and restored gene expression levels. Our results show that low concentration of WV has protective effects on the oxidative damage caused by PFOS in the planarian.

Effect of Wood Vinegar on Adsorption and Desorption of Four Kinds of Heavy (loid) Metals Adsorbents

Wood vinegar (WV) is a common agricultural additive used for treatment of soil and stimulation of plant growth. Phosphate rock powder (PR), coal fly ash (CFA), zeolite (ZE) and bentonite (BE) are the common adsorbents for heavy (loid) metals (HMLs)-contaminated soil treatment. The present study focused on the effect of desorption of Pb(II), Cd(II) and As(III) from adsorbents in the presence of WV. The experimental results revealed that the removal fractions of HMLs from adsorbents gradually decreased and then remained steady with the increase of dilution ratios of WV. Subsequently, the optimal additive concentration of WV on different adsorbents was obtained. The experiment results revealed that acetic acid was the dominating component in WV affecting adsorption capacities of adsorbents for HMLs. Moreover, the research took the first time to discover that the addition of WV effectively modified the structure of adsorbents to improve adsorption capacities for HMLs. Given the advantages of low cost and green products of WV, this study not only provided an effective guidance for rational management of agricultural and environmental safety, but paved a new path to modify the structure of adsorbents for better adsorption capacities for HMLs via addition of WV.

RESPONS PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT PULAI (Alstonia scholaris) TERHADAP CUKA KAYU DAN NAUNGAN

Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) is a fast growing local species that can be used rehabilitation activities on peat swamp forest. This study aims to obtain information application the response of growth and quality of pulai seedlings to wood vinegar and shade. The research was carried out at orchid exsitu observation site stock and community service and in the silvicultural laboratory of Faculty of Forestry. This study applied an experimental method with a split plot design with a complete randomized design (CRD). The treatment consisted of two factors,“shading” as the main factor and kind of organic vinegar as sub factor. The results obtained were based on observations 12 weeks after planting, the growth percentage of pulai seedlings for the 100%, while ofthen variables in this study had no effect. The main factor is organic fertilizer with 2 levels: chemical fertilizer and wood vinegar, while the shade factor is a main factor that less interest. Results showed that the response of height growth was significantly higher 13.0% to chemical fertilizer than wood vinegar when planted in a shadeless condition. However, if planted in conditions with a shade of 60%, the response was no different. The response of leaves growth to fertilizer is significant when planted under different shade conditions. In the condition without shade, the response of leaves is 11.8% higher compared to wood vinegar. Conversely, in condition with shading 60%, the response the number of leaves growth on wood vinegar was 13.0% higher than that of chemical fertilizer. In this study, the concentration of wood vinegar as much as 4% was not effective enough to increase the enhance of pulai seedlings.Keywoards: Organic vinegar, pulai seedlings, shade

Pyrolysis of Cunninghamia lanceolata waste to produce wood vinegar and its effect on the seeds germination and root growth of wheat

As the by-product of biomass pyrolysis, wood vinegar (WV) possesses numerous beneficial properties and has been used in many fields. The properties and utilization of WVs are primarily influenced by the type of biomass feedstock and the production techniques. In this paper, WVs were pyrolyzed from fir sawdust waste at 350 to 650 °C to study their growth regulation effect on wheat seed and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The highest yield of WV was at 450 °C with major components of phenols (37.92%) and acids (24.59%). The concentration of WVs has a major influence on regulation effect, which mainly affected the development of lateral roots. Compared with sterile water (CK), the WV-2 showed the highest seed germination rate and lateral roots growth, which increased nearly 65% and 92%, respectively. The lower concentration of WVs increased the roots vigor (RV) and promoted growth, while the higher concentration increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and inhibited growth. The increased MDA indicated that wheat roots were suffering from oxidative stress. The findings revealed the suitability of WV as growth regulator in sustainable agriculture and also provided an efficient way for biomass waste utilization.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI CUKA KAYU DAN MEDIA TANAM PADA PERTUMBUHAN SETEK PUCUK PANGAL (Baccaurea bracteata Muell)

Pangal is one of the peat forest plant species that can be used to restore degraded peat forest. The purpose of this study was to obtain the most suitable concentration of wood vinegar for the growth of pangal bud cuttings planted in cocopeat or cocopeat growing media + hust charcoal. This study uses the experimental split plot method with a complete randomized pattern (CRD). Treatment factor as the main plot of media with 2 levels of (cocopeat and cocopeat + husk charcoal 2:1) and subplot with concentration Wood vinegar 3 levels (3%, 3.5% and 4%) with 5 replications. The results showed that the percentage of live of cuttings and the highest rooted percentage was in a combination of treatment with media and 4% wood vinegar concentration with a percentage of live of the cut reaching 100%. Significant treatment increases the length of primary roots and the number of roots found in the growth of thr primary root length is (4.19 cm) in the treatment of cocopeat media and the concentration of 3% wood vinegar can increase the growth of the primary roots length, for the highest average number of primary roots which is 6.40 also in the same treatment the same is cocopeat media with a dose of 3% wood vinegar. Significant treatment increases thenumber of roots is found in the treatment of secondary root with an average value 33.6 was in the of cocopeat media treatment with 4% wood vinegar dose, while the highest number of leaves with an average 6.60 was in the treatment of cocopeat + husk charcoal with 4% wood vinegar concentration. Wood vinegar concentration and the planting média that are most suitable for shoots cuttings are the concentration of wood vinegar 3% and 4% which can be applied to cocopeat media either without or with the addition of husk charcoal.Keywords: Baccaurea bracteata Muell, growth media, shoot cutting, wood vinegar

Root Proteomics Reveals the Effects of Wood Vinegar on Wheat Growth and Subsequent Tolerance to Drought Stress.

Wood vinegar (WV) or pyroligneous acid (PA) is a reddish-brown liquid created during the dry distillation of biomass, a process called pyrolysis. WV contains important biologically active components, which can enhance plant growth and tolerance to drought stress. However, its mechanism of action remains unknown. Our results after presoaking wheat seeds with various concentrations of WV indicate that a 1:900 WV concentration can significantly enhance growth. To investigate the response of wheat roots to drought stress, we compared quantitative proteomic profiles in the roots of wheat plants grown from seeds either presoaked (treatment) or non-presoaked (control) with WV. Our results indicated that the abscisic acid (ABA) content of wheat roots in the WV treatment was significantly increased. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels roots were significantly lower than in the control treatment under drought stress, while the activity of major antioxidant enzymes was significantly increased. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) identified 138 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 103 unique protein species responding to drought stress in wheat roots of the control and WV-treated groups. These DAPs are mostly involved in the stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, and secondary metabolism. Proteome profiles showed the DAPs involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress response, and secondary metabolism had increased accumulation in roots of the WV-treated groups. These findings suggest that the roots from wheat seeds presoaked with WV can initiate an early defense mechanism to mitigate drought stress. These results provide an explanation of how WV enhances the tolerance of wheat plants to drought stress.

Use of wood vinegar to enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid production by selected Rhodopseudomonas palustris in rubber sheet wastewater for agricultural use.

This study aimed to produce inexpensive 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in a non-sterile latex rubber sheet wastewater (RSW) by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TN114 and PP803 for the possibility to use in agricultural purposes by investigating the optimum conditions, and applying of wood vinegar (WV) as an economical source of levulinic acid to enhance ALA content. The Box–Behnken Design experiment was conducted under microaerobic-light conditions for 96 h with TN114, PP803 and their mixed culture (1:1) by varying initial pH, inoculum size (% v/v) and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD, mg/L). Results showed that the optimal condition (pH, % inoculum size, COD) of each set to produce extracellular ALA was found at 7.50, 6.00, 2000 for TN114; 7.50, 7.00, 3000 for PP803; and 7.50, 6.00, 4000 for a mixed culture; and each set achieved COD reduction as high as 63%, 71% and 75%, respectively. Addition of the optimal concentration of WV at mid log phase at 0.63% for TN114, and 1.25% for PP803 and the mixed culture significantly increased the ALA content by 3.7–4.2 times (128, 90 and 131 μM, respectively) compared to their controls. ALA production cost could be reduced approximately 31 times with WV on the basis of the amount of levulinic acid used. Effluent containing ALA for using in agriculture could be achieved by treating the RSW with the selected ALA producer R. palustris strains under the optimized condition with a little WV additive.

A Developing Model of Utilizing and Producing Galam (Melaleucaleucadendron) as A Natural Wood Preservative

<p>This research aims to get both the active chemical compounds of <em>galam’s</em>wood vinegar which functions as antifungi and anti-termite usage and the process or factors influence it. Another purpose of the research is to find how effective the active compounds are toward wood destroyer organisms, either termite or fungus. Anti-termite assay is done by using a method of the mortal percentage of termites in sort of <em>Cryptotermes cynocephalus</em> Light and a method of growth inhibition of <em>Schizopyllum commune</em> fungus by wood vinegar for antifungi assay. To find the influence within the treatment of wood vinegar production process (the raw material condition and distillation), wood vinegar concentration level concerning with the active compounds of antifungi and anti-termite, each of treatments is analyzed using statistical analysis with CRD. Wood vinegar is a natural organic liquid resulting from the condensation of smoke in the process of making charcoal. Generally, the result shows that galam’s wood vinegar have a potential used as natural wood preservative material. For this kind of utility, the vinegar can either be spontaneously used or be reproduced by a distillation process with 50% concentration. Galam’swood vinegar contains some components, namely phenolic, acid and carbonyl.</p>

Mahogany Wood-Waste Vinegar as Larvacide for Spodoptera litura

The carbonization of lignocelullosic waste to obtain wood vinegar (WV) was investigated in this work. WV was used as a botanical insecticide against armyworm (Spodoptera litura), which is known as a major pest of soybean crops in Indonesia. This study includes the following: (i) the assessment of potential use of lignocellulosic waste from mahogany wooden-sandal home industry; (ii) the determination of the yield of various components of carbonization process, from each unit of the waste; and (iii) the application of the produced WV as larvicide on S. litura larvae in the laboratory. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design, and the observed variables included mortality and anti-feedant activity of S. litura larvae. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with Duncan’s multiple differences test. The results showed that the amount of wood waste generated at wooden-sandal craftsman level was 16.12%. Carbonization of 1,000 g of the wood waste yielded WV, tar, bio-oil, and char in quantities of 442.68 g, 36.5 g, 4.04 g, and 251 g, respectively. The treatment using WV concentration of 1.5% to 3.0% showed low larvacidal action, which gave LC50 value of 12.82%, but it had adequate anti-feedant activity.

PEMANFAATAN CUKA KAYU GALAM (Melaleuca sp.) DENGAN BERBAGAI PERLAKUAN SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI TELUR ASIN

Melaleuca sp. very abundant in South Kalimantan and mostly used as firewood. Utilization of wood vinegar now it has expanded, including as a food preservative. This is because it contains with phenolic compounds, carbonyl and acid compounds which useful as antimicrobial, antioxidant, forming smell, flavor and color. This study purpose to know influence of concentration and soaking time wood vinegar of Melaleuca sp on organoleptic and microbiological salted eggs. This research used randomized block design with two factors, that is concentration of wood vinegar and soaking time. The best result based on the parameters accordance with SNI 01-2891-1992 about salted egg, obtained in 3 weeks storage at room temperature with a 10% concentration ofand soaking time 1 hour. Results obtained by the value of flavor is 4.00; color 3.90; appearance 3.90; salt 4,500%; negative Salmonella and Staphyloccocus 0 colonies g.Keywords: wood vinegar, Melaleuca Cajuput, food preservative, salted eggs