Concentrated Sugar Solutions Research Articles

Influence of Soaking Temperature and Concentration of Sugar Solution in the Process of Osmotic Dehydration of Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)

Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a type of medicinal plant native to Indonesia that has a moisture content of around 80-90% when harvested. Osmotic dehydration is a technique for reducing water content that can be used to overcome this problem by immersing the material in a high concentration solution. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of temperature and concentration of sugar solution on final water content, weight reduction, solid gain, water loss, and analyze the temperature and concentration optimal for the observed variables in curcuma dehydration process. The method used in this study was to use a completely randomized design (CRD) which was arranged in a factorial manner with 2 factors namely sugar content 50°Brix, 60°Brix, 70°Brix and immersion temperature 30°C, 40°C, 50°C with 3 repetitions. The results of the curcuma osmotic dehydration process which produces the most optimal treatment combination is at an immersion temperature of 50°C and a solution concentration of 70°Brix. This treatment combination resulted in a water content of 63.44% wb, a weight reduction of 34.73%, a solid gain of 11.81%, a water loss of 46.54%, and a total color difference of 69.64. Keywords: Curcuma, Osmotic dehydration, Sugar concentration, Temperature.

Facile preparation of superhydrophobic PVDF/MWCNTs distillation membranes: Synthesis, characteristics and separation performance

In recent years, membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as an effective solution to mitigate the high energy consumption associated with conventional fermentable sugar concentration processes. However, the inherent low mechanical strength of traditional organic membrane surfaces can result in issues related to membrane wetting during long-term MD experiments. In this work, superhydrophobic PVDF/MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) distillation membranes with high mechanical strength were prepared by a combination of templating and co-blending techniques. The process involved peeling the semi-gelation membrane from a sandpaper template, subsequently forming a high aspect ratio microstructure on the membrane surface via tearing and pulling. Additionally, the incorporation of MWCNTs further bolstered the mechanical strength of the membrane. At a peeling time of 90 s and a MWCNTs content of 0.08 wt%, the distillation membrane exhibited an impressive water contact angle of 153.2°, indicating it possess exceptional hydrophobicity while maintaining high mechanical strength. The separation performance of the prepared distillation membranes has been inspected by conducting both experimental analyses and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the entire MD process. An appropriate elevation in both feed flow rate and temperature could effectively mitigate the problem of temperature and concentration polarization on the membrane surface. PVDF/MWCNTs distillation membrane demonstrated a modest reduction in permeate flux of about 11.69 % and a stable rejection rate exceeding 99.95 % throughout a 100-hour operational period, and it required only 15 h to concentration of aqueous glucose solution to 100 g/L, significantly enhancing the efficiency of the process. This study also employed a combination of experiments and simulations to optimizes the process conditions guiding the vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process and could provide guidance for the future application of membrane distillation in the concentration of sugar solutions.

Development and field evaluation of a novel sugar bait device for controlling residential vector mosquitoes in Zhejiang Province, China.

Mosquito-borne diseases pose serious public health threats in Zhejiang Province, China, and vector control is believed to be the primary method for reducing transmission. Due to severe resistance problems, effective and sustainable methods without chemical insecticides are urgently required to control mosquito vectors. Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) are newly developed methods to control mosquitoes in recent decades with the core element sugar bait, which was invented according to the sugar-feeding behavior of mosquitoes. In this study, we developed a Novel Sugar Bait Device (NSBD) trap by combining sugar bait and physical adhesive capture technology. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the NSBD trap on controlling mosquitoes in residential environments and to identify the optimal sugar solution concentration in the sugar bait of the NSBD for real use. Four residential villages in Ningbo City with similar geographic environments and mosquito densities were selected for field trials in 2022. One village (site 1) was designated as the control group, and three villages (sites 2-4) served as the test groups to assess the effectiveness of NSBD traps with different sugar solution concentrations (6, 8, and 10%) in the sugar bait. Larval and adult mosquito densities were monitored monthly before and semi-monthly after the trials using the CDC light trap and larval pipette method. Before the trials, we monitored mosquito density for 3 months to confirm the baseline mosquito density among the four sites, and no statistical differences in adult and larval mosquitoes were found (adult, F = 3.047, p > 0.05; larvae, F = 0.436, p > 0.05). After the trials, all NCBD traps effectively controlled larval and adult mosquito densities, with the highest standard decrease rates of larval and adult mosquito densities at 57.80 and 86.31%, respectively, observed in site 4. The most suitable sugar solution concentration in the sugar bait was 10%. NSBD traps effectively controlled mosquitoes in residential environments during field trials. Without the use of insecticides, this may be a promising choice for mosquito vector control to prevent mosquito-borne diseases.

Polyglycerol polyricinoleate and lecithin stabilized water in oil nanoemulsions for sugaring Beijing roast duck: Preparation, stability mechanisms and color improvement

Traditional Beijing roast duck often suffers from uneven color and high sugar content after roasting. Water-in-oil (W/O) nanoemulsion is a promising alternative to replace high concentration of sugar solution used in sugaring process according to similarity-intermiscibility theory. Herein, 3% of xylose was embedded in the aqueous phase of W/O emulsion to replace 15% maltose solution. W/O emulsions with different ratios of lecithin (LEC) and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) were constructed by high-speed homogenization and high-pressure homogenization. Distribution and penetration extent of solutions and emulsions through the duck skin, as well as the color uniformity of Beijing roast duck were analyzed. Emulsions with LEC:PGPR ratios of 1:3 and 2:2 had better stability. Stable interfacial film and spatial structure were important factors influencing emulsion stabilization. The stable W/O emulsions could more uniformly distribute onto the surface of duck skin and longitudinally penetrate through the skin than solutions.

Validating Indigenous Farmers' Practice in the Management of the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in Maize Cropping Systems in Africa.

Before the invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda into Africa, smallholder farmers had been using indigenous practices such as applying fish soup to plants to manage stemborer pests. Although farmers have since begun adapting this practice against FAW, no attempt has been made to scientifically evaluate this practice. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of applying fish soup to maize plants that were artificially infested with FAW under semi-field conditions. Our results showed that foliar damage is inversely correlated with the concentration of a fish soup and sugar solution, with the highest (100%) concentration resulting in the lowest foliar damage and the highest plant recovery. The FAW foliar damage results for maize plants treated with 100%, 50%, 10% fish soup and sugar, and distilled water were 46.3 ± 5.6, 51.1 ± 5.0, 71.6 ± 5.2, and 99.4 ± 0.4%, respectively, whereas plant recovery results from the same treatments were 35.2 ± 3.7, 31.1 ± 5.4, 20.0 ± 4.6, and 0.0 ± 0.0%, respectively. A concentration of fish soup and sugar solution of at least 25.9% was required to achieve the lowest foliar damage of 17.8% and peak plant recovery of 73.6%. Fish soup and sugar solutions attracted a wide range of insects, including potential natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) of FAW, in a dose-dependent manner. Maize plants treated with fish soup and sugar showed higher chlorophyll content and better growth than the control did. Proximate and chemical analysis showed that fish soup contains essential plant growth nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium). Through GC-MS analyses, we identified 76 volatile organic compounds in fish soup, of which 16 have been reported as insect attractants, highlighting their potential ecological significance. Therefore, the indigenous pest management practices for FAW, such as the use of fish soup, deserve particular attention. These practices could contribute to food security and improve the livelihoods of vulnerable communities. Further field validation studies, economic analyses, product development, and optimisation are therefore required to optimise the use of fish soup based on fish waste.

Tracking Sugar-Elicited Local Searching Behavior in Drosophila.

Foraging behavior is essential for the survival of organisms as it enables them to locate and acquire essential food resources. In Drosophila, hunger triggers a distinct search behavior following the consumption of small quantities of a sugar solution. This report presents a simple experimental setup to study sugar-elicited search behavior with the aim of uncovering the underlying mechanisms. Minute quantities of concentrated sugar solution elicit sustained searching behavior in flies. The involvement of path integration in this behavior has been established, as flies utilize their trajectory to return to the sugar location. The most recent findings provide evidence of temporal modulation in the initiation and intensity of the search behavior after sugar intake. We have also used this setup for artificial activation of specific taste-receptor neurons in the pharynx, which elicits the search behavior. The Drosophila neurogenetic toolkit offers a diverse array of tools and techniques that can be combined with the sugar-elicited search behavior paradigm to study the neural and genetic mechanisms underlying foraging. Understanding the neural basis of hunger-driven searching behavior in flies contributes to the field of neurobiology as a whole, offering insights into the regulatory mechanisms that govern feeding behaviors not only in other organisms but also in humans.

Preferensi Apis cerana terhadap Konsentrasi Gula dan Jarak Dari Sumber Pakan

Apis cerana honey bees are members of the order Hymenoptera, Family Apidae, Sub Family Apinae and Genus Apis. A. cerana bees need feed in the form of nectar and flower pollen (pollen). When the dry season occurs, the availability of natural food sources is difficult to obtain, so alternative feed for bees is very important and necessary. This study aims to determine the concentration of sugar solution preferred by A. cerana bees, to determine the distance to the preferred feed source for A. cerana bees and to determine the direction of the preferred feed source for A. cerana bees. The method used in this research is the split-split plot experimental method with the main plot is the direction, the sub plot is the distance, and the sub-plot is the sugar concentration. The sugar concentration used was 0%, 15%, 35%, and 50%. The distances used are 1 m, 4 m and 7 m which are located in 4 cardinal directions from the bee colony. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, conservative non-parametric Kruskal Wallis (KW) using SPSS software. The results of this study were the concentration of sugar preferred by A. cerana bees, namely the concentration of sugar 50%, the distance of the preferred feed source for A. cerana bees from the beehive, namely a distance of 7 m, and the direction of the preferred source of feed by A. cerana bees from the beehive, namely east direction.

The Effect of Sugar Solution Concentration on Characteristics of Candied Dried Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Tomatoes are a type of food that has high production and is a perishable food. In addition, the utilization of processed tomatoes as a food source is still not optimal. So, it is necessary to do the right food processing on tomatoes, one of which is processed into dried candied. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of sugar solution, so as to produce dried candied with good characteristics. The research was conducted at the Chemistry Laboratory and Food Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ma'soem University from May to July 2022. The method used is the old experimental method, namely the Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 6 (six) treatments and each repeated 4 (four) times. The treatments given were concentration A (40%), B (45%), C (50%), D (55%), E (60%), F (65%). The analysis in this study included water content, total dissolved solids. Meanwhile, organoleptic testing was carried out on the color, aroma, taste, and hardness of the dried candied produced. The results showed that the concentration of sugar solution had a significant effect on water content, total dissolved solids, and organoleptic properties. Only partially significant influenced the organoleptic properties of the dried candied produced. The results of the study can be concluded that the concentration of 55% sugar solution produces good characteristics of candied dried tomatoes, this determination is based on the level of color preference of 3.97, aroma of 4.38 and taste of 4.48 from a maximum value of 5.00, moisture content of 9.04% and total dissolved solids content of 62.80%.

Exploring the dynamic growth of sugar crystals: A volume diffusion non-steady state model under variable conditions

Observing the effect of temperature, concentration, and impurity on the crystal growth rate is accomplished by simulating the growth of sugar crystals. The volume diffusion growth model was used to examine the crystallization process and compare the effect of the three parameters on the growth of sugar crystals. The non-steady-state behavior of the process is examined using MATLAB simulation. A disturbance analysis of temperature, concentration, and impurity has been conducted to demonstrate their impact on the final crystal size of sugar. The findings show that temperature and impurities affect the final sugar crystal size. In addition, the size of crystals can be enhanced by increasing the concentration of sugar solution.

Development and evaluation of osmo-dried peel sticks from galgal

The lab experiment on development and evaluation of osmo-dried peel sticks from galgal was laid out with six treatment combinations i.e. dipping concentration of sugar and jaggery solution of 30, 40 and 500Brix with three replications. The experiment was conducted by using factorial completely randomized design. The osmo-dried galgal peel sticks were analysed for chemical composition and sensory qualities at an interval of one month till three months of storage period at ambient conditions. However, with an advancement of storage period an increasing trend was observed in reducing sugar, total sugar and hunter colour a*value. However, a decreasing trend was observed in moisture, ash, hunter colour L*and b*value, and pectin content. The galgal peel sticks prepared with treatment T3(500Brix with sugar) showed statistically higher maximum value of colour, flavour, texture and taste during the three months of storage period and was more acceptable than other treatments. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(1): 17-25, 2023 (March)

Moisture Transfer During its Evaporation from Sugar Solutions

In this work, studies were carried out on the water evaporation from concentrated solutions of such sugars as sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, to determine the evaporation mechanisms. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method in the temperature range from –70° C to +200° C, as well as the combined thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry under isothermal conditions at temperatures of 30°, 45°, 60 °C were used. The analysis of the DSC curves of sucrose solutions at low temperatures shows that in sugar solutions with a concentration of 65 %, water does not produce melting peaks. Therefore, it can be considered bound in the first hydration shells of sucrose. Isothermal thermogravimetric measurements give close to linear dependences of mass loss on time, and their slope being determined by temperature. At higher concentrations of sucrose solutions DSC curves for disaccharides are shifted relative to the curves for monosaccharides. This may be due to the lower permeability of the film surface for water. The evaporation model based on the vacancy mechanism of water molecules movement in concentrated sugar solutions was proposed. According to this model, the region enriched with vacancies of water molecules gradually penetrates deep into the sample. In this case, the number of water molecules in each layer of the region sets at a certain level. The given model constructions are applicable to the initial stages of water evaporation from concentrated sugar solutions.

Evaluation of Pharmacological Applications of Honey

1.1 Background: Honey is a complex mixture of concentrated sugar solution with main ingredients of fructose and glucose and any honey depends largely on the source of the nectar. 1.2. Objectives: To assess physicochemical properties and biological activities of ten honey samples collected from different regions of Karnataka in vitro. 1.3. Methods: Physical, chemical and biological properties studied using standard protocols. 1.4. Results: The colour of the samples varied from white to dark amber. The pH of the samples varies from 3.2 to 5.59. The electric conductivity falls between 1.100mS/cm to 0.177mS/cm. The protein content of honey sample ranges between 0.73±0.041mg/g and 0.08±0.06mg/g. The total sugar content in the honey samples were 1.9-9.75mg/g. The total phenol content in honey from Rubber tree plantation showed least (11.45 mg/100g) and highest content was recorded from honey samples of Arecanut tree plantations (84.17mg/100g). The radical scavenging activity of the honey samples varied from 24.92±1.535% to 56.46±0.462%. The FRAP antioxidant activity varied from 23.64± 1.767mg/100g to 3.58±0.424mg/100g. All the honey samples have been shown the zone of inhibition against the bacterial strains. Numerous varieties of pollen grains were seen in honey samples and their species were identified. 1.5. Conclusion: The present study revealed different properties of honey samples which were varied as per their collection place and associated plants which can be used for their applications in pharmacology.

Дослідження впливу концентрації цукрового розчину на інтенсивність теплообміну методом регулярного теплового режиму

Дослідження впливу концентрації цукрового розчину на інтенсивність теплообміну методом регулярного теплового режиму

An experimental investigation on the effect of soluble sugar degradation on the of domestic-source-contaminated soil sites formation and evolution

The percolation-degradation process of soluble domestic pollution is very important for the evolution of soil properties and the formation of contaminated sites. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of glucose seepage-degradation on the permeability of clay through an indoor percolation test in combination with thermogravimetric measurement with glucose as a representative domestic contaminant soluble sugar. We can conclude that the permeability of clay was significantly impacted by the seepage-degradation of soluble sugar. With a focus on the role of soluble sugars in domestic source pollutants on clay, the formation and evolution of the domestic source contaminated soil site went through three main stages: “generation of domestic source contaminated liquid & formation of S–C zone”, “contraction of S–C zone & formation of E-C zone and C zone”, and “disappearance of S–C zone & contraction of E-C zone and C zone”. The clay permeability decreased, the migration range shrinked, and the pollution level of the clay near the source of the contaminants increased with increasing soluble sugar solution concentration.

EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND ASSISTED OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION PRE-TREATMENT ON DRYING KINETICS AND SOME FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata)

Bu çalışmada balkabağının (Cucurbita moschata) kurutma kinetiği ve bazı fonksiyonel özellikleri üzerine ultrases destekli ozmotik dehidrasyon (US-OD) ön işleminin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Örnekler 3 farklı konsantrasyonda (%12.5, %25 ve %50) şeker çözeltisi içeren ultrasonik banyo içerisinde kavitasyon işlemi ile (45 kHz, 90 dakika) dehidre edilmiş ve ardından sıcak havada kurutma yöntemi kullanılarak 60oC sıcaklıkta kurutulmuştur. US-OD işlemi ile birlikte en yüksek su kaybı ve katı madde kazanımı %50’lik ozmotik çözelti kullanılarak dehidre edilen örnekte tespit edilmiştir. US-OD işlemi şeker çözeltisi konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak kurutma süresini kontrol örneğine göre yaklaşık 180 dakika kısaltmıştır. Bununla birlikte ozmotik çözeltinin şeker konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak rehidrasyon oranında azalma gözlenmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarı (120.08 mg GAE/100 g kuru ağırlık) ve antioksidan kapasite (%38.21) %50’lik ozmotik çözeltide dehidre edilen ve kurutulan örnekte belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen çıktılar matematiksel modellere uyarlandığında US-OD ön işlemi uygulanmış balkabağının kurutulmasını en iyi tanımlayan modelin Page modeli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Oral Glucose-Responsive Nanocarrier System for Management of Diabetes

Background: The regulation of postprandial blood glucose concentration in a diabetic person is a toilsome task by the conventional approaches. The continuous monitoring and subcutaneous injection of insulin are always imperative for diabetes management. To overcome the hurdle associated with the conventional system, a glucose-responsive nanoparticle (NP)-based approach was developed for oral insulin administration. The objective of the work is the formulation and characterization of a nanocarrier-based bio-responsive, self-regulated oral insulin drug delivery system. Methods: The mannose ligand-conjugated NPs were prepared by the inotropic gelation method in which insulin and glucose oxidase enclosed alginate nanocarrier cross-linked by tripolyphosphate. The prepared NPs were filled into the enteric-coated capsule and their release profile was determined at different pH and glucose concentrations. NPs were characterized by size distribution, % drug entrapment, enzyme activity, and in vivo and in vitro drug release studies. Results: The average size, surface potential, % drug entrapment of optimized NPs were 245.52 ± 3.37 nm, 22.12 ± 2.13, and 76.15±1.3%, respectively. The release of insulin from optimized NPs (GOx-ALG-MCNPs) (98.56±0.06%) occurs only at higher sugar concentrations (? 400 mg/dL) and prevents the release at low sugar concentrations (< 100 mg/dL). The enteric capsule shell protected the formulation to the gastric environment upon oral administration and directed them into the intestine. Mucoadhesion characteristics of NPs prolonged intestinal retention to make them available for cellular uptake. Glucose sensitivity and glucose-dependent effect on different pH environments study revealed that NPs released the drug only at higher concentrations of sugar solution while inhibiting the release at normal and lower sugar concentrations. Besides, compared to other prepared formulations, the GOx-ALG-MCNPs displayed controlled insulin release in response to glucose concentration. Conclusions: An important finding of GOx-ALG-MCNPs is auto-regulating, glucose-responsive behavior imparting a significantly controlled lowering of blood glucose in an animal model. The findings reveal that the developed glucose-responsive NPs may prove to be a potential strategy for oral insulin delivery. J Endocrinol Metab. 2022;12(4-5):146-160 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem747

Predicting Concentrations of Mixed Sugar Solutions with a Combination of Resonant Plasmon-Enhanced SEIRA and Principal Component Analysis.

The detection and quantification of glucose concentrations in human blood or in the ocular fluid gain importance due to the increasing number of diabetes patients. A reliable determination of these low concentrations is hindered by the complex aqueous environments in which various biomolecules are present. In this study, we push the detection limit as well as the discriminative power of plasmonic nanoantenna-based sensors towards the physiological limit. We utilize plasmonic surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) to study aqueous solutions of mixtures of up to five different physiologically relevant saccharides, namely the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose, as well as the disaccharides maltose and lactose. Resonantly tuned plasmonic nanoantennas in a reflection flow cell geometry allow us to enhance the specific vibrational fingerprints of the mono- and disaccharides. The obtained spectra are analyzed via principal component analysis (PCA) using a machine learning algorithm. The high performance of the sensor together with the strength of PCA allows us to detect concentrations of aqueous mono- and disaccharides solutions down to the physiological levels of 1 g/L. Furthermore, we demonstrate the reliable discrimination of the saccharide concentrations, as well as compositions in mixed solutions, which contain all five mono- and disaccharides simultaneously. These results underline the excellent discriminative power of plasmonic SEIRA spectroscopy in combination with the PCA. This unique combination and the insights gained will improve the detection of biomolecules in different complex environments.

Polyphenols and Minor Constituents in Honey from North Macedonia and Bulgaria


 
 
 Honey is a highly concentrated sugar solution that is a rich source of many bioactive compounds including numerous minor constituents. Among them, polyphenols such as flavonoids and phenolic acids are the most important classes of pharmacologically active compounds. Together with other minor constituents they are also considered potential chemical markers for the botanical and geographical origin of honey as well as for its authenticity.
 A solid-phase extraction procedure and HPLC/DAD/MSn method has been applied for identification and quantification of minor constituents in honey from the region of Bulgaria, North Macedonia, and Greece. Solid-phase extraction using Amberlite XAD-2 as an adsorbent was used for sample preparation enabling purification and concentration of the analysed compounds, mainly polyphenols. In total, 16 compounds were identified in the 21 extracts, 3 of them hydroxycinammic acids (caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid), 5 flavonoids (naringenin, chrysin, galangin, pinocembrin and pinobanksin methyl ether) as well as gluconic acid, quinic acid, ascorbic acid, phenyllactic acid, kynurenic acid and abscisic acid in its two isomeric forms. Quantification of the identified polyphenols was made by an external calibration. The results showed that the developed method presented here is suitable for obtaining qualitative and quantitative data for polyphenols of honey.
 
 

Recovery rates of Eimeria oocysts from cattle feces by Wisconsin sugar flotation method

The purpose of this study was to know the recovery rates of Eimeria oocysts through the course of flotation in sugar solution by WSFM. A fecal sample was collected from a calf infected with Eimeria bovis. Stage one of this study involved recovering oocysts from surface of sugar solution in a test tube with cover slips replaced at time points of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90 min, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 48 hr., and 5 days. Oocysts were continuously detected up to 48 hr, with a linear increase in recovery counts for the first 2 hr and the average total count was 953 per gram. Recovery rates of oocysts were 8.1%, 13.3% and 16.4% at 10, 20 and 30 min, respectively. Stage 2 involved a set of 3 tubes. Cover slips were put at intervals of 10, 20 and 30 min on the first tube, while one cover slip was kept for 20 min on the second tube and one for 30 min on the third tube. No significant differences were detected in oocyst counts at 20 min between the first and second tubes, and at 30 min between the first and third tubes. Stage 3 involved the comparison of recovery rates at 10 min between sugar solutions with specific gravities of 1.200 and 1.266. There was no significant difference in oocyst counts between the two solutions. These results indicated that it takes time to recover all Eimeria oocysts from cattle fecal samples by WSFM, but total oocyst counts per gram can be estimated by counting oocysts detected at any sampling time points, such as 10, 20 or 30 min using one cover slip. No improvement of recovery rates was seen by using a higher concentrated sugar solution. Keywords: WSFM, Oocyst, Cattle

The use of derivative products of the processing of sea – buckthor in the manufacture of buns

One of the promising ways of improving the quality and expanding the assortment of bakery products is to enrich them with non – traditional types of plant raw materials, which contain a balanced complex of minerals, vitamins and other biologically valuable compounds, characterized by high nutritional, taste and other properties. The purpose of this study is to develop a technology for making buttery buns with increased biological value based on the derivatives of Hippophae rhamnoides L. The method of processing sea buckthorn berries into powders is proposed and the influence of the derivatives of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on the technological properties of the finished products is investigated. To determine the effect of sea buckthorn powder on the quality indicators of butter buns, standard methods of organoleptic and physicochemical quality indicators were used. The paper proposes a method of processing the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L., which involves preliminary freezing, osmotic dehydration of the berries in a concentrated sugar solution (70%). At the same time, part of the water (10–15%) is removed from the berries, which allows to reduce energy costs for the drying process. The peculiarity of this study is the study of the amino acid composition of derived products of sea buckthorn processing and the substantiation of the possibility of their use for the enrichment of bakery products. It was established that the largest amount of the following amino acids, g/100g, goes into the derived products of Hippophae rhamnoides L. processing: serine – 0.45; proline – 0.49, aspartic acid – 0.88, glutamic acid – 12.9 and threonine 0.3. Drying allows to increase the concentration of amino acids in the processing products of Hippophae rhamnoides L. berries. The obtained powder can become a food additive with good organoleptic properties, capable of increasing their biological value.