Concentrations Of Ethanolic Extract Research Articles

Anticancer Potential of Ethanolic Extract Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Leaves against Human Colon Cancer WiDr Cell Line

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a plant contains various compounds that has potential as anticancer drugs. Secondary metabolites of jackfruit leaves are flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins. A typical flavonoid compound group in the Artocarpus genus, namely artocarpin, is able to kill cancer cells through apoptosis. Not many have conducted cytotoxicity research and apoptosis induction of ethanolic extracts from jackfruit leaves, especially against WiDr colon cancer cells. Therefore, this study aims to study the cytotoxic effects and apoptosis induction of ethanolic extracts of jackfruit leaves against WiDr colon cancer cells. The research was conducted by cytotoxicity test using the MTT assay. Apoptosis test was done using double staining method with AO/PI dye. The treatment was conducted at various concentrations of ethanolic extract of jackfruit leaves, doxorubicin as positive control, and DMSO as solvent control. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05) and continued using Tukey HSD Post Hoc test. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of jackfruit leaves was not toxic to WiDr cells with an IC50 740.43 μg/mL, but could significantly reduce cell viability at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The ethanolic extract of jackfruit leaves could also induce apoptotic cell death at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. Based on these results, ethanolic extract of jackfruit leaves has little potential to be developed as an anticancer drug.

Gene expression and anticancer evaluation of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Extracts using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines.

In recent years, a cancer research trend has shifted towards identifying novel therapeutic compounds from natural assets for the management of cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the cytotoxic activity of Kigelia Africana (KA) extracts on breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and noncancerous kidney cells (HEK-293T) to develop an efficient anticancer medication. We used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS to analyze the constituents of EKA and HKA extracts meanwhile the crystal violet and the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assays were used to examine the possible cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on our cancer cell lines along with non-cancerous control. The quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was run on cell samples to evaluate the differential expression of cell proliferative markers of cancer (BCL-2 and TP53). These phytochemicals have been reported to have binding affinity for some other growth factors and receptors as well which was evaluated by the in-silico molecular docking against Bcl2, EGFR, HER2, and TP53. Our Morphological observation showed a significant difference in the cell morphology and proliferation potential which was decreased under the effect of plant extracts treatment as compared to the control samples. The ethanol extract exhibited a marked antiproliferative activity towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 = 20 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR gene expression investigation revealed that the IC50 concentration of ethanolic extract regulated the levels of mRNA expression of apoptotic genes. With the target and active binding site amino acids discovered in the molecular docking investigation, TP53/Propanoic acid, 3-(2, 3, 6-trimethyl-1, 4-dioxaspiro [4.4] non-7-yl)-, methyl ester (-7.1 kcal/mol) is the best-docked ligand. The use of this plant in folk remedies justifies its high in vitro anti-cancer capabilities. This work highlights the role of phytochemicals in the inhibition of cancer proliferation. Based on all these findings, it can be concluded that EKA extract has promising anti-proliferative effect on cancerous cells but more study is required in future to further narrow down the active ingredients of total crude extract with specific targets in cancer cells.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF SUNGKAI LEAF (Peronema canescens Jack) ETHANOL EXTRACT, N-HEXANE AND ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION

Research on antioxidant activity test of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate of Sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) has been carried out. Sungkai plant is a traditional medicinal plant that is widely used for traditional medicine. Sungkai leaf secondary metabolites (Peronema canescens Jack) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, terpenoids. Sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) were extracted using maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent and fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Testing the antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikhrylhydrazil) obtained IC50 (Inhibition Concentration) of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions, respectively 5.6356 µg/mL, 46.4707 µg/mL, and 153.7020 µg/mL.

Antibacterial Bioactivity Test of Bilimbi Fruit Ethanol Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). Against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus

One of the causes of acnes is the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. An alternative solution to this problem is to develop natural medicines from plants, one of which is the star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). The purpose of this study was to test the bioactivity of star fruit against the growth of P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus. This research method used an experimental research design with the treatment of A. bilimbi fruit ethanol extract concentrations of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, chloramphenicol antibiotics as control (+), and sterile distilled water as control (-). All treatments were given to P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus bacteria using the Kirby Baeur (disc diffusion) method. The results of this study were the effectiveness of the bioactivity compound of the ethanolic extract of A. bilimbi fruit seen on P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria with concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90%. Thus, it can be concluded that A. bilimbi fruit has the potential to be developed as a natural medicine for acne caused by P. acnes and S. epidermidis.

Isolation and Characterisation of Essential oils of Mango (M. indica) Leave

This research work aimed at isolation and characterisation of essential oils of Mangifera. indica (M. indica) leaves. Phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the bioactive components present in the leaf sample as well as the antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanolic extract. The percentage yield of essential oils (colourless) of the leaf was 0.19%. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, flavonoid, saponin and tannin. Steroids was absent in the extract. The antimicrobial evaluation of the essential oil of M. indica leaf revealed a significant activity (zone of inhibition). The percentage (%) of Diphenyl picryl hydrazine (DPPH) scavenged of antioxidant activities for the essential oils of M. indica at different concentration of 5µl, 10µl, 25µl and 100 µl showed a significant antioxidant activity. In concluded results, it’s clearly observed that, when the concentration of both ethanolic extract and essential oils leaf sample increases, the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties increases when compared to the standard (Amoxicillin) and that of essential oils has a significant property than other extracts. Considering the results of phytochemical screening, it’s also a potential source of cost-effective food supplements, nutritive ingredients and antibacterial agent for improving human health and curing acute and chronic diseases. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils for the leaf sample revealed fifty two (52) different chemical compounds which include Alloaromadendrene, Humulene, Bicyclo[4,4,0]dec-1-ene, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene, Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene,4,11,11,-trimethyl 8-methylene-,[1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)].

Formulation, characterization, and antibacterial testing of cream supplemented with Aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) gel and Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) rhizome ethanol extract

Various brands and forms offer a wide array of cream-based cosmetic products. However, only some of these products meet safety specifications. <em>Aloe vera</em> and nutgrass, two plants rich in bioactive compounds, possess anti-inflammatory, soothing, and antibacterial properties, making them ideal for health-safe cosmetic formulations. This research was conducted to develop antibacterial cream formulations incorporating these natural additives. The study focused on quality, organoleptic testing, and the formulated cream's antibacterial assessment. The research methodology encompassed several key processes: preparation of <em>Aloe vera</em> gel and nutgrass rhizome ethanol extract, formulation of the cream, quality testing by SNI 16-6069-1999 standards, organoleptic testing as per SNI 01-2346-2006, and antibacterial activity testing using <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> ATCC 25923 and <em>Escherichia coli</em> ATCC 25922 bacterial strains. Results indicated that the cream formula enriched with <em>Aloe vera</em> gel and nutgrass rhizome ethanol extract meets the standards for skin-lightening creams and exhibits significant antibacterial capabilities. Furthermore, it was observed that the antibacterial effectiveness of the cream increases with the concentration of the nutgrass rhizome ethanol extract. These findings highlight the potential for integrating natural ingredients into modern cosmetic formulations, providing therapeutic and aesthetic benefits. This approach not only ensures compliance with safety standards but also leverages the natural properties of <em>Aloe vera</em> and nutgrass to enhance the product's functionality in skin care applications

In Vitro α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Root Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Arbutus unedo L. (Ericaceae)

Roots of Arbutus unedo (Ericaceae) have been used traditionally to treat diabetes in some countries. Conducting more experiments is needed to support this plant's potential antidiabetic properties, though. Ethanolic extract yielded by cold maceration was subjected into fractionation to get hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous fractions. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity have been estimated utilizing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay models, respectively. Antidiabetic activity of A. unedo extracts were evaluated using in vitro α-glucosidase, α-amylase inhibition activity. The ethanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity among used extracts. While the results of both α-glucosidase, α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity was detected to be dose-dependent, the strongest inhibition activity for α-glucosidase and α-amylase was shown by ethanol extract (526.65 and 522.66 µg mL-1 respectively) compared to the standard acarbose. Results demonstrated the beneficial effects of A. unedo extracts by showing antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

Minerals, Amino Acids and Essential Oil Contents of Ethanol Extracts from Seeds and Pulps of Artocarpus Heterophyllus

Minerals, Amino Acids and Essential Oil Contents of Ethanol Extracts from Seeds and Pulps of Artocarpus Heterophyllus

Dosage Evaluation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Lotion of Ethanol Extract of Belimbing Wuluh Leaf (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.)

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>This study aims to make and evaluate the lotion formula from ethanol extract of star fruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) and test the antioxidant activity of the lotion. The research method used is experimental, making lotions and testing antioxidant activity from July to October 2023 at the Semi-Solid Preparation Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan, and Research Laboratory, University of North Sumatra. In the preparation stage, star fruit leaf simplisia was extracted by maceration using a 95% ethanol solvent. The lotion formula was made with ingredients such as PEG 4000, stearyl alcohol, glycerin, sodium lauryl sulfate, coconut oil, nipagin, and distillate water, with varying concentrations of ethanol extract of star fruit leaves. The formulation was evaluated through organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and viscosity tests. The results showed that the lotion produced had a homogeneous shape and aroma to the concentration of ethanol extract. In addition, the pH of the lotion is also within the safe range for human skin. The spreadability test showed the lotion's ability to spread on the skin, which met the requirements for lotions with spreadability values between 5 and 7 cm. The viscosity of the lotion was also by the set standards. Stability tests were conducted to monitor the physical and chemical changes of the lotion over four weeks. The results showed that lotions with 1% and 3% ethanol extract concentrations were stable during the study period. However, the 5% concentration experienced inhomogeneity changes in the third week. In conclusion, lotion with ethanol extract of star fruit leaves at 1% and 3% concentration can produce a good and stable formula. However, the antioxidant activity of the lotion is still in the weak to moderate category. This research contributes to developing plant-based natural cosmetic products for skin care.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keywords: Antioxidant Activity, Belimbing Wuluh, Ethanol Extract, Evaluation, Lotion</em></strong></p>

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq Leaves Against Haemonchus contortus

Haemonchosis is an infection caused by the Haemonchus contortus worm, a blood-sucking gastrointestinal parasite that can also infect humans. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves have been shown to have anthelmintic activity due to the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic activity of ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves against H. contortus. The infective H. contortus larvae were divided into six treatment groups: a 0.5% ethanol extract concentration group, a 1% ethanol extract concentration group, a 2% ethanol extract concentration group, a 4% ethanol extract concentration group, a positive control group (+), and a negative control group (-), each with four replicates. The study was conducted in six hours, with observations made at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours. The results showed that the death of the larvae increased with higher ethanol extract concentrations and longer exposure to the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves. The time of death for infective H. contortus larvae given the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves was at the 4th hour, and the effective dose of the ethanol extract as an anthelmintic was at the concentration of 0.5%. Keywords: Anthelmintic, Haemonchus contortus, Orthosiphon aristatus

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KERSEN LEAF (Muntingia calabura L.) TOWARDS Escherichia coli BACTERIA

Escherichia coli is a bacteria that causes infection. In Indonesia, it has been reported that Escherichia coli is resistant to several types of antibiotics; therefore, other alternatives are needed to inhibit the growth of this Escherichia coli. One alternative method is to use medicinal plants, such as cherry leaves, which contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins as antibacterials. Aim to determine the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) against Escherichia coli bacteria. The research used a post-test-only control group design. This study contained 7 groups: 1 positive control group, 1 negative control group, and 5 treatment groups. The treatment group consisted of an ethanol extract of cherry leaves with concentrations of 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 10%. The control group was a positive control (K(+) with co-trimoxazole and a negative control (K(-) namely dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 10%. The data used was One-way ANOVA. The results of this study were the average zone of inhibition. The largest is at a concentration of 10%, namely 6 mm, while the smallest average inhibition zone is at a concentration of 4%, namely 4.37 mm. Concentrations of 2% and 1% do not indicate the presence of an inhibition zone. From these results it is concluded that there are significant differences between The concentration of cherry leaf ethanol extract against Escherichia coli bacteria and the minimum inhibitory level of cherry leaf ethanol extract against Escherichia coli bacteria is at a concentration of 4% with an average inhibition zone of 4.37mm.

Spectrophotometry and Histological Staining Potential of Ethanol Extract of brassica Oleracea (Red Cabbage) on Selected Organs of Sprague Dawley rat

Objective: Plants with coloring and dyeing effects have widely been used in histological staining. Natural dyes are less expensive, nontoxic, renewable and sustainable resources, with minimal environmental impact compared to synthetic stains. Red cabbage is one of such natural dyes. The red color of the red cabbage derived from anthocyanin pigments confers a great advantage to red cabbage. In this study, the physiochemical and spectrophotometric characteristics of red cabbage as well as its histological staining potentials on various tissues were carried out to determine its tissue specificity. Methods:The ethanol extract of red cabbage was prepared using 100% ethanol, then pH, spectrophotometry, and concentration of the red cabbage ethanol extract were measured before the solution was divided into two equal volumes, and one part was added with 2ml glacial acetic acid while the other part was added with 10g of aluminum sulfate. The two solutions were used to stain 10% neutral-buffered formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissue sections separately. Stained sections were viewed with a photomicroscope. Results: The ethanol extract was acidic at a pH of 4.89 and the spectrophotometry graph showed 3 peak absorbances at the wavelengths of 395nm, 545nm and 670nm. The maximum absorbance was 0.795 at the wavelength of 395nm and this is indicative of the pigment cyanidin which is the anthocyanin present in red cabbage. The red cabbage ethanol extract with both glacial acetic acid and aluminum sulfate showed good histological details in tissues of kidney, stomach, lungs, liver, spleen, small intestine and skin. There was no difference between the red cabbage ethanol extract and the conventional hematoxylin and eosin stain (P>0.05). Our study showed that red cabbage ethanol extract with acetic acid and aluminum sulfate is stable at 4oC, with color amber to light gold with a pH of 4.89 and a concentration of 1000 which gave good histological details. In general, our result indicates that red cabbage ethanol extract is an efficient stain for histological tissue structures and can be used as an eco-friendly alternative to eosin. Conclusion: Red cabbage ethanol extract stained basic structures of the cell such as the cytoplasm, muscle fibers and mucins. Therefore, red cabbage ethanol extract can be used in histological staining when appropriate modifications are done.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL dan FRAKSI DAUN SEMBUNG (Blumea balsamifera L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis

Sembung Leaves (Blumea balsamifera L.) is a plant with many properties, one of which is antibacterial. Sembung leaves have several chemical compounds such as tannins, saponins, and flavonoids which function as antibacterials. This study aims to determine the diameter of inhibition zone, the value of Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) dan the value of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetat fraction and water fraction of sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera L.) against the staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Antibacterial testing by using disc diffusion dan solid dilution methods. Ethanol extract and fractions of sembung leaf (Blumea balsamifera L.) that has been obtained are diluted with a concentration of 10%, 25%, and 50%. The positive control as clindamycin 1% and DMSO as the negative control. The results showed that ethanol extract of sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera L.) can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria at a concentration of 10% which is 8,1 mm, concentration of 25% which is 9,13 mm, concentration of 50% which is 10,1 mm. The n-hexane fraction can inhibit Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria at a concentration of 10 % which is 6,1 mm, concentration of 25% which is 7,11 mm, concentrarion of 50% which is 7,21 mm. The ethyl acetate fraction can inhibit Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria at a concentration of 10% which is 9,1 mm, concentration of 25% which is 11,16 mm, concentration of 50% which is 12,26 mm. The water fraction there is no inhibition zone diameter. The MIC of ethanol extract of sembung leaves is 10%, n-hexane fraction is 25% and ethyl acetate fraction is 10%. The MBC of ethanol extract was at a concentration of 25%, n-hexane fraction at a concentration of 50% and ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 10%.

UJI SPF (Sun Protaction Factor) KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) SECARA IN VITRO DAN IN VIVO PADA KULIT PUNGGUNG KELINCI

The harmful effects caused by solar UV radiation cause sunburn. Using sunscreen is one way to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV rays. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) have alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids which are helpful as sunscreens. This study aims to determine whether the extract and cream formula of binahong leaves has the potential as sunscreen in vitro and in vivo and the SPF, Tp(%), Te(%), and MED values. Binahong leaf extract was macerated with 96% ethanol. The SPF test uses a UV-VIS spectrophotometer with a 290-320 nm wavelength. Results were analyzed using ANOVA. They made sunscreen using various concentrations of binahong leaf ethanol extract 0.85, 0.95, and 1%. Sunscreen was tested in vitro and in vivo on rabbit test animals. The in vitro test results of the binahong leaf extract yield an SPF value of 45.7 ± 1.76 (ultra protection), Tp (%) of 10.39 ± 1.14 (fast tanning), and Te (%) of 15.49 ±1.74 (sunblock), in vivo, the extract has a MED value of 0 and FIII (1%) cream of binahong leaf extract is the best preparation because it has physical quality that meets the requirements, with an SPF value of 43.8 ± 1.88 (ultra protection), Te (%) was 18.96 ± 1.04, and Tp (%) was 28.00 ± 1.65, in vivo the extract had a MED value of 0.

Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Bamboo Shoot Ethanol Extract With Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse Against Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An Ex Vivo Study.

Background Dental caries is the most prevalent polymicrobial oral infectious disease tormenting individuals' healthy lifestyles and presents a significant public health problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial properties of different concentrations of bamboo shoot ethanol extract with chlorhexidine mouth rinse on isolates of salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). Materials and methods Non-stimulated salivary samples from 30 young adults were treated ex vivo with bamboo shoot ethanolic extract at concentrations of 30 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, and 60 µg/ml. The colony-forming units were quantified by measuring the number of viable bacterial cells. Inhibition zones were evaluated using the agar diffusion method. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc test were used to analyze the significant difference between variables using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The mean zone of inhibition with bamboo shoot ethanolic extract against salivary S. mutans (23.00 ± 0.816) and L. acidophilus (22.00 ± 0.816) total counts was closest to the control chlorhexidine (S. mutans =22.00 ± 0.876 and L. acidophilus =21.10 ± 0.876). A greater activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus is seen in the zone of inhibition of the 60 µg/ml experimental concentration of bamboo shoot ethanolic extract, with a significant difference in the disc diffusion assay. Conclusion The treatment with bamboo shoot extract was equivalent effective in the mentioned bacterial species. Clinical relevance It can be assured that preventive measures like mouth rinse and dentifrices compromising bamboo shoots, a potential dental biomaterial, would be optimistic agents for caries control, including the cariostatic effect.

Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, and LC-MS Analysis of the Ethanolic Extract of Matoa (Pometia pinnata) Leaves from Kudus, Central Java, Indonesia

Matoa (Pometia pinnata) is a plant used as a floral identity in Indonesia, especially in Papua. Local people use boiled water from matoa leaves, which is believed to treat hypertension. Matoa leaves are traditionally used as a therapeutic agent for burns and wounds in Indonesia. Phytochemical screening of matoa leaf extract contains secondary metabolite compounds, including flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. So far, many of these activities have been reported from the polyphenol group. This research aimed to identify the phytochemical composition of matoa leaves from Kudus in the ethanolic extract using LC-MS. The total phenolic content of ethanol extract using the Folin Ciocalteu method was 35.689 ± 0.726 mg GAE/g extract. The total flavonoid content of ethanol extract using the AlCl3 colorimetric method was 1.384 ± 0.012 mg QE/g extract. Twelve compounds could be identified in the ethanol extract of matoa leaves. The phenolic compounds were vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-Coumaroyl glycolic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, phenol, and vanillic acid. The flavonoid compounds were identified as epigallocatechin and apigenin -7-O-diglucuronide. The organic compound was identified as jasmonic acid. The aromatic compound was identified as benzene. Besides, tannin compounds were also identified. The major compounds in matoa leaves from Kudus, Central Java, are vanillin, phenol, and benzene.

Analysis of Compound Content of Ethanol Extract of Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) Using Thin Layer Chromatography Method: A Systematic Literature Review

The butterfly flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is an herbal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine in Indonesia. The chemical compounds in butterfly pea flowers are thought to have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antidiabetic. Analysis of the compound content in butterfly pea flower extract can be done using various methods, one of which is thin layer chromatography (TLC). The literature search process was carried out on various databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar) analysis of the compound content of ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers using the thin layer chromatography method. This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. The ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers contains various groups of secondary metabolite compounds, such as flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannins. These compounds are thought to have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antidiabetic.

Aktivitas Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Asam Gelugur (Garnicia atroviridis) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus

This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of ethanol extract from tamarind seeds against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at various concentrations. This study used a randomized complete block design with 1 factor, namely the concentration of tamarind seed extract with 6 levels, namely A1 (0.5%), A2 (1%), A3 (1.5%), A4 (2%), A5 (2.5%), A6 (3%). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Research evaluation includes qualitative phytochemical tests and antioxidant activity against ethanol extract of gelugur acid seeds and bacterial inhibition. The results showed that in the ethanol extract of tamarind seeds there are phytochemical compounds which include flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. And has antioxidant activity of IC 50 = 15.77 ppm. Tamarind seed extract affects the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The minimum concentration of ethanol extract of tamarind seeds that can inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is 0.5% with inhibitory zones of 15.6 mm and 10.9 mm respectively.

Antibacterial activities of three species of mangrove leaves extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

The increasing incidence of infections and drug resistance has led scientists to seek approaches towards medicinal plants that are potentially effective against many microorganisms. Therefore, this study was planned to assess the antibacterial activity of 3 mangrove species (Scyphipora hydrophylaceae C.F.Gaertn., Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt and Avicennia alba Blume) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. This study used the disc diffusion method to measure the diameter of inhibition at several concentrations of mangrove leaf ethanol extracts, namely 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25% and 0.625% b/v as well as positive control cefadroxil for bacteria and DMSO as negative control. The test results showed that ethanol extracts of mangosteen leave Scyphipora hydrophylaceae C.F.Gaertn and Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt had a solid response to Escherichia coli bacteria and moderate potential against S. Aureus bacteria—no antibacterial activity against both test bacteria for Avicennia alba mangrove. This study concludes that Scyphipora hydrophylaceae C.F.Gaertn and Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt have potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, but Avicennia alba has no antibacterial activity.

Hedera helix (Wall Ivy) leaf ethanol extract shows cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in glioblastoma cells by generating reactive oxygen species

Aim: Glioblastoma, known for its aggressiveness, accounts for most malignant gliomas and the efficiency of its treatment is still not enough showing remarkably poor prognosis even though a complex treatment approach. Hedera helix is an evergreen plant mostly known for its effects on respiratory function, especially in chronic bronchial asthma, as well as its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential antitumor properties, while its effect on glioblastoma cancer and the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-cancer properties of Hedera helix (common ivy) in relation to its ability to induce cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production in glioblastoma (U87) cells. Material and Methods: The leaves’ ethanol, methanol, and water extracts were analyzed for phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant levels through photometric methods. Then, different concentrations of ethanol extract were applied to U87 cells for 24 hours and analyzed for cytotoxic, apoptotic, and ROS-generating effects by measuring the luminometric intracellular ATP amount, Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide double staining, and DCFH-DA methods, respectively. Results: Phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant results of all three extracts show that ethanol was best for extraction. The results showed that Hedera helix ethanol extract had dose-dependent cytotoxic and apoptotic effects with increased intracellular ROS levels. Conclusion: These results concluded that high doses of Hedera helix ethanolic extract may exhibit anti-cancer effects through pro-oxidant activity.