Blood Glucose Level Concentration Research Articles

Correlation of Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose with Hba1c in monitoring Glycemic Control of Diabetic Patients in FCT Abuja, Nigeria

Achieving glycemic control or reduction of hyperglycemia would significantly decrease most of the complications associated with hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. It has been stated that measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) remains the gold standard for the assessment of glycemic control; there is no consensus whether the Fasting or Postprandial is a better predictor of glycemic control in poor resource setting where HbA1C is not easily accessed or available. The aim of this research is to determine fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and their correlation with HbA1C in glycemic control. A cross sectional case control study was carried out from January, 2023 to July, 2023; a total of 203 participants were recruited into the study. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hours post prandial blood glucose (2HPBG) were determined in all the subjects using the enzymatic glucose oxidase method for glucose estimation according to the instruction of the manufacturer, while HbA1C was determined using Boroaffinity Chromatographic method according to the instruction of the manufacturer. Statistical data analysis was carried out using SPSS software (Version 25.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, New York USA), and p<0.001 were defined as statistically significant; the correlation between the parameters was carried out using Pearson’s correlation. Both the FBG and the 2HPBG showed positive correlation with HbA1C in the diabetic and control subjects; however, the level of correlation varies. The correlation of FBG and 2HPBG with HbA1C is directly proportional to the concentration of blood glucose level. The FBG for the control and the subjects are 7.40±1.59 and 143.67±5.01, with HbA1C of 4.45±0.05; 6.26±1.47 respectively. The 2HPBG for the control and the subjects are 120.70±1.75 and 192.92±7.05, with HbA1C of 5.56±0.07; 7.82±0.22 respectively. The FBG correlation to HbA1C is r= 0.875, p<0.001; while 2HPBG is r= 0.908, NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND PHARMACY (NIJPP) Volume 4 Issue 2 2023 OPEN ACCESS ©NIJPP ONLINE ISSN: 2992-5479 Publications 2023 PRINT ISSN: 2992-605X Page | 10 p<0.001. The study showed positive correlation of FBG and 2HPBG with HbA1C, since HbA1C is the value of the percentage concentration of glucose at a given period of time; FBG, 2HPBG and HbA1C can be used to evaluate the degree of glycemic control in diabetic patients’ management, in order to minimize or avoid diabetic complications. Keywords: FBG, PBG, Diabetes, HbA1C, Correlation, Complications

In-vivo anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of natural metabolites from resin of Commiphora mukul and their in-silico to in-vitro target fishing

Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly spreading global metabolic disorder that has serious social, health, and economic consequences. Herein, we have evaluated in vivo antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of myrrhanone-B and myrrhanol-B (isolated from Commiphora mukul Hook). We observed that treatment with myrrhanone-B and myrrhanol-B at a dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight for 21 days significantly improved body weight loss, water consumption, and the concentration of blood glucose level (BGL) in alloxan (120 mg/kg) induced diabetic mice, which indicates that the compounds possess strong anti-diabetic activities. In the biochemical analysis, these compounds improved an abnormal level of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to a normal level and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDLC). Later, drug target of compounds was predicted through in-silico docking which shows that these compounds nicely fit in the active site of α-glucosidase enzyme and mediates excellent interactions with the catalytic residues, Asp214 and Asp349. The in-silico results were confirmed by in-vitro testing of myrrhanone-B and myrrhanol-B against α-glucosidase where both the compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory potency with IC50 values of 19.50 ± 0.71, and 16.11 ± 0.69 µM, respectively. Furthermore, mechanistic study was conducted to observe their binding mechanism, which reflect that myrrhanol-B has mixed type of inhibition (ki = 12.33 ± 0.030 µM), while myrrhanone-B demonstrates competitive type of inhibition (ki =14.53 ± 0.040 µM).

Anti-diabetic potential of β-boswellic acid and 11-keto-β-boswellic acid: Mechanistic insights from computational and biochemical approaches

β-Boswellic acid (β-BA) and 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (β-KBA) are crucial bioactive compounds, mostly isolated from frankincense. These compounds are known for their potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we have explored the complete anti-diabetic potential of β-BA and β-KBA with detailed parameters. This research revealed that treatment with β-BA and β-KBA at a dose of 1, 2, and 10 mg/kg body weight for 21 days significantly improved body weight loss, water consumption, and specifically the concentration of blood glucose level (BGL) in diabetic animals, which indicated that the β-BA and β-KBA possess strong anti-diabetic activities. Serum total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays were also performed to evaluate the antioxidant effects. The biochemical analysis revealed that these compounds improve an abnormal level of several biochemical parameters like serum lipid values including total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to a normal level and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDL-C). To understand the mechanism of action of β-BA and β-KBA, their most probable biological targets were searched through the inverse docking approach. Our computational analysis reflects that among other probable targets, the Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) enzyme could be one of the possible binders of β-BA and β-KBA to produce their anti-diabetic activities. These in-silico results were validated by an in-vitro experiment. It indicates that the anti-diabetic effects of β-BA and β-KBA are produced by the inhibition of DDP-4. Thus, these anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of β-BA and β-KBA suggest these compounds as potential therapeutics for diabetic conditions.

Identification of potential antioxidant indices by biogenic gold nanoparticles in hyperglycemic Wistar rats.

Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in diabetes, where the abnormal metabolic ambience leads to hyperglycemia resulting in the onset of several vascular complications. Under homeostasis, innate antioxidants efficiently inhibit the oxidative stress, thereby restrain further progression of diabetes. In the present study, a potential antioxidant marker was identified from hepatic tissue of diabetic Wistar rats after oral administration of biogenic gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Diabetic animals treated with GNPs showed increase in insulin level and subsequently reduced the concentration of blood glucose level to normal. Further, GNPs favoured to retain the hepatic enzymatic markers, serum lipid levels and followed by renal biochemical profile in the rats. In addition, GNPs treated rats displayed an elevated level of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase enzymatic activity. Consequently, GNPs treated rats showed diminished level of histological injury in the hepatic, renal, and pancreatic tissues. Taken together, these results suggested that among the several antioxidant enzymes, catalase elucidated the highest area under curve (AUC) with 0.80 accomplished by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Collectively, our findings enlighten that GNPs treated rat able to alleviate the hyperglycemic condition due to the enzymatic activity of catalase.

A Hematobiochemical Evaluation to Compare the Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and Aerobic Exercise to Control Diabetes Mallitis and its Complications

Background: Diabetes has become a very common disease all over the world since last few decades and is now perceived as a global health disorder. Diabetes mellitus is identified on the basis of constant high concentration of blood glucose level and it mainly occurs due to deficiency of the pancreatic hormone insulin. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an improved form of interval trainings, and exercise strategies which alternate the periods of small intense anaerobic exercise by less-intense regaining periods. The study aimed to compare the hematological parameters associated with diabetes and muscle activity between healthy humans and diabetic type-1 patients when subjected to HIIT and regular aerobic exercises.Methods: A convenience sample of total 60 participants was taken it comprised of thirty healthy individuals taken from the department of Physical Therapy, University of Sargodha, Lahore campus and thirty diabetic type-1 individuals of age 15-30 years taken from Akhuwat health services clinic Township, Lahore. Participants were divided into four groups of fifteen individuals each. Group one was the diabetic HIIT (DH) group with diabetic type-1 patients subjected to HIIT. Group two was the diabetic aerobic (DA) group with diabetic type-1 patients subjected to regular aerobic exercises. Group three was control High intensity interval training (HH) that consisted of fifteen healthy individuals to be subjected to High intensity interval training exercises (HIIT). Group four (HA) was the control aerobic group with fifteen healthy individuals of average lifestyles subjected to regular aerobic exercises.Results: Aerobic exercise was found to be more effective in reducing glucose level, lowering exogenous insulin and glycated hemoglobin, however HIIT proved to be more effective in lowering blood cholesterol level and decrease LDL level and increase HDL level.Conclusion: It was concluded that aerobic exercise program in comparison to high intensity interval training showed better results in lowering blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels. So we may suggest aerobic exercise program along with drugs as a synergic therapy to control diabetes and its complications.

Antioxidative and antidiabetic activities of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) juice on oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar albino rats.

Background:The nutritional and medicinal importance of watermelon has been emphasized and its diseases preventive and curative power must be evaluated. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative and antidiabetic potentials of watermelon.Materials and Methods:The in vivo assay was carried out on 15 male albino rats which were divided into groups of three stages. In stage I, all animals received normal feeds and water for 1-week after, which five animals were selected and sacrificed for biochemical analyses which form the nondiabetic control, group. The remaining animals were fasted for 24 h before injected intra-peritoneally with a freshly prepared solution of alloxan at a dosage of 35 mg/kg body weight. Five out of the 10 rats were sacrificed as diabetic group while last five animals were fed with water melon juice for a week after, which they were sacrificed to form the treated group animals. In all the groups, body weights, fasting blood sugar, total protein level in the blood, and other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration; catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) % inhibition activities were determined.Results:The results of the biochemical analyses showed a significant increase in the concentration of blood glucose level after treatment with alloxan, which indicates that diabetic was induced. Hence, watermelon juice caused increased in weight, hypoglycemia; and increases in GSH, GPx, catalase, and SOD % inhibition activities with reduced MDA concentration after treatments.Conclusion:The watermelon juice resulted in the restoration of impaired conditions of the rats.