Con La Research Articles

Eficiencia del ladrillo utilizando mezcla de arcilla y residuos de vidrio como agregado fino en los procesos constructivos del municipio de Valledupar – Cesar

Este proyecto evaluó el uso de vidrio molido como agregado fino en la elaboración de ladrillos bocadillos, con el fin de reducir el impacto ambiental y aprovechar residuos. Se probaron tres dosificaciones de vidrio (15%, 25%, 35%) como reemplazo parcial de la arcilla, realizando ensayos de granulometría, límites de consistencia, humedad natural, absorción y resistencia a la compresión. Los resultados mostraron que la mezcla con 15% de vidrio es la más eficiente, ya que conserva las propiedades del ladrillo (forma, textura, color) y cumple con las normativas NTC 4017 y NTC 4205, sin afectar su calidad. The production of bricks and other clay products has become an ecological problem generating a high impact from the proper management of solid waste to the extraction of raw materials. In order to mitigate this problem, different studies have been carried out to take advantage of non-conventional aggregates. This project studied the influence of ground glass as fine aggregate in the production of sandwich bricks. Glass is used as a replacement for clay using different dosages (15%, 25%, 35%), thus taking advantage of materials that were previously discarded and reducing the use of natural raw materials. The main objective of this project is precisely to evaluate the mixture of waste glass as fine aggregate together with clay for the subsequent manufacture of bricks according to the established regulations. Several laboratory tests were carried out on the raw material, such as: granulometry, consistency limits and natural humidity. Likewise, tests such as absorption and compressive strength were carried out on the prototypes made. With this information, the final product was characterized based on NTC 4017 and NTC 4205 standards. As for the results, it was identified that the dose of ground glass with lower concentration (15%), has more relevant effects on the final product, the shape, texture and color are not modified with the presence of ground glass.

Devising of a risk map on the management of high risk alert medication in a high level university hospital

ObjectiveTo classify hospital units into three risk levels in order to define and prioritise improvement and training measures in each of them. MethodThe risk map was developed in two phases: First phase involved the setting up of a multidisciplinary team, a bibliographic search, the identification of medications and of the criteria to design the map: (1) Location: number of high-alert medications; (2) Staff turnover: the units were classified in low turnover units = 1, medium turnover units = 2 and high turnover units = 3 according to data provided by the human resource department; (3) Frequency: quotient between the number of high alert medicactions in each unit and the total of medications used, and (4) Severity: voluntary survey of professionals. An accumulated risk of severity of each unit was calculated: Σ (severity of the drug x number of its units). The Neperian logarithm was applied to this value to reduce the variability of the values. Thus a risk probability index was established = staff turnover x frecuency x Neperian logarithm of severity. In a Los artículos publicados en esta revista se distribuyen con la licencie Articles published in this journal are licensed with a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ La revista Farmacia no cobra tasas por el envío de trabajos, ni tampoco por la publicación de sus artículos. second phase, the units were classified into three groups and the risk map of high-alert medication was elaborated in the hospital. In it, the units that had a risk probability index higher than 2.9 were classified as high risk units, those that had between 1–2.9 as intermediate risk units and those that had less than 1 as low risk units. According to the risk probability index, improvement measures were defined and priorities were set for each of them. ResultsA total 447 high-risk medications corresponding to 227 active ingredients were identified during the study period. The units showing a higher risk were: Intensive Care Medicine (10.51), Reanimation (4.01), and Palliative Care (3.90). Improvement actions (informative poster, visual identification, alerts, training and double checks) were defined and prioritised in accordance with the risk probability index. ConclusionsKnowing the degree of risk of hospitalization units in the management of high-alert medications allows for the implementation of improvement plans in relation to the degree of vulnerability detected.

La Ofrenda Lesbiana: Elementos de mi Corazón.

The following contribution celebrates, honors, and reflects on the bodies of work that create spaces of cariño in Carla Trujillo's 1991 anthology, Chicana Lesbians: The Girls Our Mothers Warned Us About. This piece is two-fold:it begins with an open letter, or analytic response to the ways authors in the anthology such as Terri de la Peña, E.D.Hernandez and Cherríe Moraga have charted and inspired forbidden archives of Chicana lesbian knowledge(s) and cariño molded by their poesía, letra y arte. In this letter, I embed elements of earth tierra, aire, fuego, y agua that make up the foundation of the accompanying art piece. While these pieces exist in separate physical form, their spirits are directly in conversation, una con la otra. I invite readers to indulge in this writing and complimentary artwork alongside the nearest element of earth accessible to you as a reminder that as long as earth is present our capacity to love is eternal.

La prospettiva di ‘Praedicate Evangelium’ relativa agli abusi liturgici

The perspective of 'Praedicate Evangelium' regarding liturgical abuses
 ABSTRACT: The paper examines the transformations made by the Ap. const. Praedicate Evangelium [= EP] regarding the contrast of liturgical abuses. Beginning with the problem of celebratory propriety that emerged in the context of postconciliar disbandment, it first examines the essential features of the case of abusiveness (the frequency of the conduct, the erroneous presumption of justification for the conduct, and the prominence of the authoritative condition) and, then, the main magisterial and papal directive interventions. Article 66 PB outlined a specific supervisory function on the part of the Congregation for Worship. PE, indulging the criterion of decentralizing co-responsibility, stimulates awareness of its own attributions and the specific responsibility of the bishops in ensuring the observance of liturgical norms. Article 96 EP therefore makes explicit the duties of the episcopal office and the supporting and assisting role of the Dicastery. The elimination of abusiveness is expressly linked with increased liturgical formation. The normative change does not change the essence of ecclesial discipline; however, it requires a qualitative leap in the pastoral solicitude of bishops (the most significant contribution is the deontological call). An in-depth theoretical and practical study of the problem of liturgical abusiveness, without trespassing on casuistry, can help complete the cultural and regulatory turnaround underway.
 SOMMARIO: 1. Il sentito problema della correttezza celebrativa - 2. L’inquadramento della fattispecie abusiva - 3. Gli interventi magisteriali e direttivi pontifici - 4. La disciplina dell’art. 66 della ‘Pastor bonus’ - 5. Il nuovo approccio di ‘Praedicate Evangelium’ - 5.1. Il contesto della riforma curiale - 5.2. L’art. 96 di ‘Praedicate Evangelium’ - 5.3. La responsabilità episcopale - 6. L’opportuno collegamento con la formazione liturgica - 7. Un mutamento disciplinare o attitudinale?

Spanish translation of the ABC taxonomy for medication adherence

BackgroundThe Ascertaining Barriers to Compliance (ABC) taxonomy was developed aiming at systematizing definitions and operationalizations of medication adherence. Its translation is crucial to improve the generalizability, application and comparison of study findings. ObjectiveTo provide a consensus translation of the ABC taxonomy from English to Spanish. MethodsA two-phased approach was used, according to the Preferred Methods for the Translation of the ABC Taxonomy for Medication Adherence. Two literature reviews were conducted: to identify Spanish synonyms and definitions of the ABC taxonomy, and to identify a panel of Spanish-speaking experts in medication adherence. A Delphi survey was designed based on the synonyms and definitions found. The experts previously identified were invited to participate in the Delphi. A consensus of ≥85% was established for the first round. A moderate consensus (50–75%), a consensus (75–95%) or a strong consensus (>95%) were considered to be necessary in the second round. ResultsForty potential synonyms of the ABC taxonomy terms were identified from a total of 270 papers. The response rate during the first Delphi round was 32% (63/197) and in the second round 86% (54/63). A strong consensus was reached for the term “inicio del tratamiento” (96%) and consensus for the term “implementación” (83%). A moderate consensus was obtained for “adherencia a la medicación” (70%), “interrupción del tratamiento” (52%), “manejo de la adherencia” (54%) and “disciplinas relacionadas con la adherencia” (74%). No consensus was reached for the term persistence. Five out of the seven definitions reached a consensus in the first round, and two definitions a moderate consensus after the second round. ConclusionThe adoption of the Spanish taxonomy will increase transparency, comparability and transferability of results in the field of medication adherence. This may facilitate benchmarking of adherence strategies between Spanish-speaking researchers and practitioners, and other language speakers.

Effectiveness of the best practice spotlight organizations program to reduce the prevalence of pressure injuries in acute care settings for hospitalized patients in Spain: A quasi-experimental study.

Pressure injuries are a major public health problem because of their impact on morbidity and mortality, quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. The Centros Comprometidos con la Excelencia en Cuidados/Best Practice Spotlight Organization (CCEC/BPSO®) program provides guidelines that can improve these outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the CCEC/BPSO® program in improving the care of patients at risk of pressure injury (PI) at an acute care hospital in Spain. A quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design in three periods was used: (1) baseline (2014), (2) implementation (2015-2017), and (3) sustainability (2018-2019). The study population was comprised of 6377 patients discharged from 22 units of an acute care hospital. The performance of the PI risk assessment and reassessment, the application of special pressure management surfaces, and the presence of PIs were all monitored. Forty-four percent of patients (n=2086) met the inclusion criteria. After implementing the program, the number of patients assessed (53.9%-79.5%), reassessed (4.9%-37.5%), the application of preventive measures (19.6%-79.7%), and the number of people identified with a PI in implementation (1.47%-8.44%) and sustainability (1.47%-8.8%) all increased. The implementation of the CCEC/BPSO® program achieved improved patient safety. Risk assessment monitoring, risk reassessment, and special pressure management surfaces were practices that increased during the study period and were incorporated by professionals to prevent PIs. The training of professionals was instrumental to this process. Incorporating these programs is a strategic line to improve clinical safety and the quality of care. The implementation of the program has been effective in terms of improving the identification of patients at risk and the application of surfaces.

Lope de Vega. La discreta enamorada / The Cleverest Girl in Madrid

Lope de Vega. <i>La discreta enamorada</i> / <i>The Cleverest Girl in Madrid</i>

Il lungo percorso dal dopoguerra a oggi (1944-2023): dal ripristino dei diritti degli ebrei vittime delle leggi razziste dell’Italia fascista al ricupero della Memoria per lottare contro il pregiudizio e l’antisemitismo

The long road after WWII until today (1944-2023): from the reinstatement of the rights denied to Jews victim of the racist laws of fascist Italy to recovering the Memory of the Holocaust to fight against prejudice and antisemitism ABSTRACT: This paper who served as a basis of the author’s speech at the official remembrance of the Holocaust at the residence of the President of the Republic of Italy (Quirinale palace) on 27 January 2023 examines the various phases of this process. First from 1944 to the mid-1980 the key element is the enactment of more that 90 pieces of legislation abrogating the antisemitic laws of 1938-45 and granting some compensation to the victims. In a second phase (until the end of the XX century) Judaism is recognized as religious entity with parity of rights as compared with the Catholic Church (the Agreement - “Intesa” - between the Italian State and the Union of Italian Jewish Communities of 1987) thus empowering Judaism in Italy to be an active and distinct contributor to Italy’s society. In that period the “Mancino law” of 1993 enacts criminal provisions to fight racism in Italy more effectively. The last phase from 2000 until to-day, witnesses, after the official recognition of the “Holocaust Remembrance Day” each 27 January (“Giorno della Memoria”) witnesses an engagement of Italian institutions to fight antisemitism through education and cultural initiatives. SOMMARIO: 1. La reintegrazione nei diritti negati: un processo lungo e faticoso (1944-1987) - 2. Dal completamento del disegno costituzionale con l’intesa tra Stato e Comunità ebraiche (1987-89) alla repressione del razzismo con la “legge Mancino” (1993) - 3. La riflessione sulla Shoah quale insegnamento per l’oggi: il Giorno della Memoria (2000) - 4. La strategia europea contro le discriminazioni e l’antisemitismo: protezione ed educazione - 5. La strategia e le iniziative italiane - 6. In conclusione.

Luigi Donato Ventura, a Trilingual Self-translator

Luigi Donato Ventura, a Trilingual Self-translator

Trouble dans le positivisme, la création en tant que recherche : le cas de La zona del silencio

This article proposes to study research-creation by considering our embodied relationship to the world. It is an approach that tends to reject the ontological distance implied by positivism. Often subversive, research-creation itself blurs disciplinary thresholds and undermines positivist logic. The lesser-known La zona del silencio collective project, set up in the Mexican desert between 1984 and 1985, bought together twelve artists with diverse disciplinary backgrounds from Mexico, Germany, Canada, and the Cree Nation. The environmental complexity of the site, the transnational dimension of the project and the cultural plurality of the group incited the artists to connect and to form a community. La zona del silencio offers an alternative vision of contemporary art that can be compared to Arturo Escobar’s concept of sentipensar con la tierra and that, in some ways, resonates with the words of Édouard Glissant. This case study demonstrates how research-creation has a disruptive and transformative potential.

Conduit processes in crystal-rich dacitic magma and implications for eruptive cycles at Guagua Pichincha volcano, Ecuador

Stratovolcanoes are commonly characterised by cyclic eruptive activity marked by transitions between dome-forming, Vulcanian, Subplinian and Plinian eruptions. Guagua Pichincha volcano (Ecuador) has been a location of such cyclicity for the past ~ 2000 years, with Plinian eruptions in the first and tenth centuries AD (Anno Domini/after Christ), and CE (Common Era) 1660, which were separated by dome-forming to Subplinian eruptions, such as the recent 1999–2001 eruption. These cycles are therefore a prominent example of effusive-explosive transitions at varying timescales. Here, we investigate the reasons for such shifts in activity by focusing on degassing and outgassing processes within the conduit. We have coupled a petrophysical and textural analysis of dacites from the CE 1660 Plinian eruption and the 1999–2001 dome-forming/Vulcanian eruption, with different percolation models in order to better understand the role of degassing on eruptive style. We demonstrate that the transition from dome-forming to Plinian activity is correlated with differences in phenocryst content and consequently in bulk viscosity. A lower initial phenocryst content and viscosity is inferred for the Plinian case, which promotes faster ascent, closed-system degassing, fragmentation and explosive activity. In contrast, dome-forming phases are promoted by a higher magma viscosity due to higher phenocryst content, with slower ascent enhancing gas escape and microlite crystallization, decreasing explosivity and yielding effusive activity.ResumenLos estratovolcanes se caracterizan comúnmente por presentar actividad eruptiva cíclica, marcada por transiciones entre erupciones formadoras de domos y erupciones de tipo Vulcanianas, Subplinianas y Plinianas. El volcán Guagua Pichincha (Ecuador) ha dado lugar a tal ciclicidad durante los últimos ~ 2000 años, con erupciones Plinianas tanto en los siglos Primero y Décimo, como en el año 1660, las cuales estuvieron intercaladas por erupciones formadoras de domos y de tipo Subplinianas, tal como ocurrió durante la erupción reciente de 1999–2001. Estos ciclos son, por lo tanto, ejemplos destacados de transiciones eruptivas de tipo efusiva-explosiva a escalas de tiempo variadas. En este trabajo, investigamos las razones de tales cambios de actividad enfocándonos en procesos de exsolución y pérdida de gases del magma en el conducto (desgasificación en sistemas cerrado y abierto). Hemos acoplado análisis petrofísicos y texturales tanto de dacitas de la erupción Pliniana de 1660, como de la erupción formadora de domos/Vulcaniana de 1999–2001, junto con diferentes modelos de percolación, para así comprender mejor el rol de la exsolución de volátiles en el estilo eruptivo. Demostramos que la transición desde una actividad efusiva formadora de domos a una Pliniana está correlacionada con diferencias en el contenido de fenocristales y, subsecuentemente, con la viscosidad total del magma. Un contenido inicial menor de fenocristales y una menor viscosidad se infiere para el caso Pliniano, lo que promueve un ascenso más rápido, desgasificación en sistema cerrado, fragmentación y finalmente actividad explosiva. Por el contrario, las fases formadoras de domos son promovidas por una viscosidad mayor debido a un contenido mayor de fenocristales, con ascenso más lento promoviendo a su vez el escape de gases y la cristalización de microlitos, disminuyendo la explosividad y produciendo actividad efusiva.

Libertà religiosa, patrimonio culturale e identità: il caso del Montenegro

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il caso del Montenegro: identità nazionale e identità religiosa - 3. La costruzione di un’identità nazionale - 4. Prodromi di un divorzio annunciato - 5. Personalità giuridica delle Chiese e patrimonio religioso - 6. Beni culturali contesi - 7. Verso una risoluzione dei contrasti con la Chiesa ortodossa serba? - 8. Patrimonio culturale montenegrino e ruolo delle organizzazioni internazionali - 9. Conclusioni.&#x0D; Religious freedom, cultural heritage and identity: the case of Montenegro&#x0D; ABSTRACT: With the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, the Balkan populations found themselves having to face the necessity of replacing their common Slavic origins with national identities that found a solid point of reference in religion. The cultural heritage, at first common thanks to Tito's unifying work, became again the heritage of the single nationalities and the object of ethnic-local identity claims. In this situation, the anchorage to cultural heritage and the particular care taken by governments to claim its management and control, become instruments of identity whose effects inevitably reverberate on the delicate balance between the religious communities present in the different territories. The case of Montenegro shows the complicated relationship between the protection of cultural heritage, national identities and religious belonging to the different components of Orthodoxy, each of which claims exclusive and unique ownership over their respective territories, thus contributing to rewrite the contents of cultural heritage, reducing it to an increasingly local dimension. Thanks to the work of international organizations such as UNESCO with "its" world heritage and the Council of Europe, which is working to promote diversity and dialogue in the field of cultural heritage, this regains its dignity, respecting the citizens' feelings and their quality of life.

Estabilidad de la cromatina espermática y su relación con la tasa de fecundación en ovejas de la raza Junín

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of sperm on chromatin stability and its relationship with the membrane integrity structural – physiological and the rate of fertilization of female sheep. Ejaculates of sperm (2 × 109 sperm·mL-1) with 70% of motility were collected using an artificial vagina (n=5, 2 years old. For this, each ram was served with fifteen female sheep (n=75), generating thus five different Groups (A, B, C, D, and E). A control Group also was considered. Sperm nuclear chromatin stability (NCS) was evaluated using the Borate Buffer (BB), Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), and the mixture of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + SDS. The fertilization rate was evaluated after 16-18 hours post sperm injection. Sperm concentration showed a significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between Groups. In Contrast, seminal volume, and sperm motility do not show a significant difference (P&gt;0.05). A high correlation (r2=0.52) was observed between morphology and motility, and the fertilization rate was 74.6% (n=56). It was concluded in general that techniques to evaluate nuclear condensation values do have a high likelihood to give a diagnosis about the future potential of sperm populations in Junín ram.

Time-lagged effects of habitat fragmentation on terrestrial mammals in Madagascar.

Biodiversity is severely threatened by habitat destruction. As a consequence of habitat destruction, the remaining habitat becomes more fragmented. This results in time-lagged population extirpations in remaining fragments when these are too small to support populations in the long term. If these time-lagged effects are ignored, the long-term impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation will be underestimated. We quantified the magnitude of time-lagged effects of habitat fragmentation for 157 nonvolant terrestrial mammal species in Madagascar, one of the biodiversity hotspots with the highest rates of habitat loss and fragmentation. We refined species' geographic ranges based on habitat preferences and elevation limits and then estimated which habitat fragments were too small to support a population for at least 100 years given stochastic population fluctuations. We also evaluated whether time-lagged effects would change the threat status of species according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment framework. We used allometric relationships to obtain the population parameters required to simulate the population dynamics of each species, and we quantified the consequences of uncertainty in these parameter estimates by repeating the analyses with a range of plausible parameter values. Based on the median outcomes, we found that for 34 species (22% of the 157 species) at least 10% of their current habitat contained unviable populations. Eight species (5%) had a higher threat status when accounting for time-lagged effects. Based on 0.95-quantile values, following a precautionary principle, for 108 species (69%) at least 10% of their habitat contained unviable populations, and 51 species (32%) had a higher threat status. Our results highlight the need to preserve continuous habitat and improve connectivity between habitat fragments. Moreover, our findings may help to identify species for which time-lagged effects are most severe and which may thus benefit the most from conservation actions.

Efectos adversos oculares relacionados con la administración de bifosfonatos parenterales: experiencia del médico de familia

Efectos adversos oculares relacionados con la administración de bifosfonatos parenterales: experiencia del médico de familia

Meta-analysis of ecosystem services associated with oyster restoration.

Restoration of foundation species promises to reverse environmental degradation and return lost ecosystem services, but a lack of standardized evaluation across projects limits understanding of recovery, especially in marine systems. Oyster reefs are restored to reverse massive global declines and reclaim valuable ecosystem services, but the success of these projects has not been systematically and comprehensively quantified. We synthesized data on ecosystem services associated with oyster restoration from 245 pairs of restored and degraded reefs and 136 pairs of restored and reference reefs across 3500km of U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coastlines. On average, restoration was associated with a 21-fold increase in oyster production (mean log response ratio=3.08 [95% confidence interval: 2.58-3.58]), 34-97% enhancement of habitat provisioning (mean community abundance=0.51 [0.41-0.61], mean richness=0.29 [0.19-0.39], and mean biomass=0.69 [0.39-0.99]), 54% more nitrogen removal (mean=0.43 [0.13-0.73]), and 89-95% greater sediment nutrients (mean=0.67 [0.27-1.07]) and organic matter (mean=0.64 [0.44-0.84]) relative to degraded habitats. Moreover, restored reefs matched reference reefs for these ecosystem services. Our results support the continued and expanded use of oyster restoration to enhance ecosystem services of degraded coastal systems and match many functions provided by reference reefs.

La hora del silencio by Cristina Feijóo

Reviewed by: La hora del silencio by Cristina Feijóo Janis Be Cristina Feijóo. La hora del silencio. Buenos Aires: Astier Libros, 2022. 208 p. Cristina Feijóo's most recent novel, La hora del silencio, is as intricate, oneiric, and haunting as the classic work to which it openly pays homage, Juan Rulfo's Pedro Páramo. The gendered retelling—set within the claustrophobic confines of Villa Devoto, a women's prison with striking parallels to Comala—takes place during Argentina's last military dictatorship. The protagonist, Leonora, is a political prisoner who embarks on a journey of self-discovery not unlike her literary predecessor, Juan Preciado. In so doing, Leonora reveals cunning survival strategies to combat the harsh conditions of political imprisonment even as she unveils myriad complexities of the leftist movement from an intensely personal perspective. Narrated primarily in first person and in present tense through the protagonist's prison diary, La hora del silencio is simultaneously intimate and immersive. What's more, the protagonist's persistent efforts to "put [her]self together" (50) mirror the active role required of readers who must similarly work to integrate the novel's disparate narrative fragments. Leonora consciously and overtly channels Damiana Cisneros in order to access her own (back)story, understand her identity, find a sense of purpose and belonging, and ultimately accept her fate. As she confides in her journal, "La vieja Damiana era sabia y con ella hicimos [End Page 327] un pacto: yo contaría mi historia usando su voz y ella contaría historias entramadas con la mía" (11). The graceful ease with which Leonora performs this and other literary assimilations and ventriloquisms becomes plausible given Feijóo's lyrical prose and linguistic agility. The storyline, which incorporates multiple voices and perspectives in addition to distinct registers, unfolds in overlapping loops. Proliferating embedded tales and secondary characters simultaneously echo and shed light upon the protagonist's plight. The result is a highly stylized, complex narrative that can be likened to a tapestry or mosaic. As the novel advances, carefully building to a dramatic conclusion, the protagonist achieves greater self-understanding and eventually finds her own voice. Readers gradually draw closer to Leonora herself, increasingly privy to the internal workings of her conniving mind. As the above might suggest, La hora del silencio defies simple generic classification. Like Rulfo, Feijóo situates her novel beyond the realm of traditional or linear time for "el tiempo es un perro que se muerde la cola" (66) while simultaneously exploring liminal spaces and interior states. Boundaries such as those that delineate consciousness and dreams, the corporeal and the ethereal, life and death remain porous. At times characters inhabit "sueños vivos" (64), which can include meeting fictional characters from other literary works, having out-of-body experiences, fusing or melding with each other, and struggling to distinguish between what is inside or outside of the prison walls or even one's physical body. In short, the masterful work questions the very nature of reality and sanity, while exhibiting traits of both the fantastic and magical realism. At the same time, La hora del silencio represents historical fiction at its finest. Not coincidentally, the cover art showcases a photograph by Daniel Berbedés from the Parque de la memoria—a commemorative public space honoring the victims of state terrorism and dedicated to "remembrance, homage, testimony and reflection." To this end, the novel offers detailed portrayals of the day-to-day hardships that political prisoners endured for years: from strict food rations to cruel punishments, from traumatic searches and seizures to the torments of solitary confinement. A particularly harrowing episode recalls the Masacre del Pabellón 7 when on March 14, 1978 over sixty prisoners died due to police repression and the brutality of prison personnel, specifically from fires, smoke inhalation, being beaten, or from gunshot [End Page 328] wounds. Feijóo artfully conveys the chaos, fear, and uncertainty by dramatically yet realistically narrating the unfolding scene through auditory rather than visual witnessing, given the need to take cover as well as direct orders to stay away from the windows or be shot. Another traumatic event features the political...

La reputación mediática de la Unión Europea en la prensa española (2000-2018) / The media reputation of the European Union in the Spanish press (2000-2018)

ResumenEsta investigación corresponde al campo de la comunicación en el sector de las instituciones públicas. Se estudia la reputación mediática de la Unión Europea (UE) en los principales diarios españoles en el período 2000-2018. A partir de los preceptos de la agenda setting y de los principios de la reputación mediática, se realiza un análisis de contenido para determinar el nivel de presencia y favorabilidad mediática de la institución. Ello permitirá evaluar cómo los medios de comunicación españoles presentan a la UE ante los ciudadanos españoles, contribuyendo a la formación de la opinión y percepción pública. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la UE tiene una baja visibilidad mediática general, ya que a pesar de que la cantidad de noticias publicadas es buena, la relevancia de estas noticias no tiene la suficiente importancia. Además, la favorabilidad mediática en España puede considerarse ligeramente desfavorable, ya que las noticias tienen una tendencia global negativa. Estos resultados no son acordes con el desempeño que realiza la institución y con la incidencia que tiene en la vida de los ciudadanos españoles. Una imagen publicada que dificulta a la institución la creación de una esfera pública favorable y su necesaria legitimidad social.Palabras claves: reputación mediática, visibilidad mediática, favorabilidad mediática, instituciones públicas, comunicación institucional, Unión Europea. AbstractThis paper belongs to the field of communication in the public institution sector. It aims to study the European Union’s media reputation in the leading Spanish outlets in the 2000-2018 period. As the institution has continued to acquire competencies and regulate the activity of Member States, the EU’s communication with its citizens has represented a source of debate inside and outside the institution. In multiple areas of communication, there is a need to bring this supra-institution closer to citizens through more effective communicative policies. The general aim of this paper is to know the EU’s media reputation in Spanish printed press between the years 2000 and 2018. Taking into account the precepts of agenda setting and the principles of media reputation (Capriotti, 2012), a content analysis is carried out to determine the level of media presence and favourability of the institution. This will make it possible to evaluate how the Spanish media present the EU to Spanish citizens, contributing to the formation of public opinion and perception.Due to its long time span, the analysis has been divided into three periods. The first period (Euphoria) goes from 2000 (two years before the implementation of the euro) to the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2007. The second period (Crisis) begins with the global financial crisis of 2008 and ends with the timid beginnings of economic stabilisation in 2014. Finally, the third period (Post-crisis) spans the interval from 2015 to 2018, which sees the eruption and progression of a major social and values crisis in the institution and European society.The general results obtained show that the EU has low visibility in Spanish printed press. In spite of accurate news coverage, in certain periods and years, newsworthy events are not presented to the reader with enough relevance for the news item or institution to gain the notoriety required to be publicly important.In addition, the media favourability in Spain can be considered slightly unfavourable, since the news has an overall negative trend. These results are not consistent with the performance of the institution and the impact it has on the lives of Spanish citizens. A published image that makes it difficult for the institution to create a favourable public sphere and its necessary social legitimacy. According to different authors (Meyer, 1999 and De Vreese, 2003, 2005), the conclusions show that news on the EU fails to interest media outlets, conditioning the EU's visibility and public perception.Regardless of how interested the media may be in the EU, the strategic and communicative role this media plays, when it comes to the level of knowledge that the citizens have about the EU, cannot be ignored. The physical and mental distance of European institutions, as well as their legal, political and structural nature, put media outlets in the position of intermediaries. Thus, the media, as an actor with a voice of its own, is configured as a shaper of opinion, culture, identity and political ideas. In their professional routines, media companies construct determined narratives which bear directly —as the only reality— on citizens’ perception (McCombs and Shaw, 1972; Shaw, 1979).With the majority of Spanish citizens lacking direct experience, the EU’s communication and interaction with the citizens is left in the hands of the media’s financial and ideological profitability. A communicative context which potentially puts the institution’s public relevance, credibility and trustworthiness at risk and, thus, a situation which fosters emotional distance between the EU and Spanish citizens.Keywords: media reputation, media visibility, media favourability, public institutions, institutional communication, European Union.

A vueltas con la bacteriuria

A vueltas con la bacteriuria

A 40 años de la Guerra de Malvinas: ¿pudieron las Fuerzas Armadas Argentinas alzarse con la victoria?

Next year will mark the fortieth anniversary of the Falklands War in which the regular Armed Forces of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain fought. Almost four decades later, this article attempts to speculate whether the scenario of the armed conflict in the South Atlantic could have been favorable to Argentine arms, given that there is sufficient evidence of a different outcome of this international armed conflict in which the Argentine Armed Forces could have been victorious. This article gathers several findings of a collective effort of unpublished character still unfinished, which approaches the armed conflict from the political-strategic and strategic-military perspectives. This article gathers several findings of a collective effort not yet published or completed, which approaches the armed conflict from the political-strategic and strategic-military perspectives. Finally, it concludes that although the fate of arms could have favored the Argentine military instrument, the conditions imposed by the context of the Cold War and the strong leadership of the then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher, make it difficult to imagine a different outcome than the one that occurred.