Computerized Data Management System Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI WARGA BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN OPENSID DI DESA CIGOONG UTARA, KECAMATAN CIKULUR, KABUPATEN LEBAK

Along with the development of technological advances, the need for fast, accurate, easy and practical data processing has become a demand, so that currently the majority of institutions have utilized a computerized data management system. No exception for data management in village government institutions, each village is required to provide the best service to the community in the field of letter making, tax payments, population data collection and other needs related to village office services. But most of the service process is still done conventionally. Therefore, the author recommends a web-based public service application to be implemented in North Cigoong Village. This village service application is made web-based that can be used online, so village people can enjoy village services more quickly and easily. It is hoped that with the application of this village service, it can improve the quality of the service process to the people of North Cigoong village

Optimalisasi Layanan Informasi Dan Administrasi Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar Ponorogo Kepada Masyarakat

The management of data at UPT Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar Ponorogo is still done manually. Given the current era of globalization, many companies/agencies have used computerized systems to manage data in order to simplify and speed up work. Based on the description above, we carry out community service activities in the form of developing and applying a computerized data management system in the Ponorogo'SKB. The system that we built is an information and administration system. Based on a computerized system capable of processing data quickly and accurately as well as being able to store and display transaction data related to administration. The method we use in this activity is to provide a computerized system and directly conduct training as well as assistance in operating the system. We hope that by developing this administrative information system the Ponorogo community can more easily access information about the SKB Ponorogo and make it easier to manage the administration of the SKB better and faster. Until now, our activities have reached the stage of training in the operation of the information system for all admins in SKB Ponorogo.

Hearing screening outcome in neonatal intensive care unit graduates from a tertiary care centre in Singapore.

We aimed to analyse the outcome of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) and high-risk hearing screening in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates in a tertiary care unit. The hearing screen programme comprises a 2-stage automated auditory brainstem response protocol followed by a high-risk hearing screen at 3-6 months. This study is a retrospective study of NICU graduates born between April 2002 and December 2009. Data on hearing screening, audiological assessment, and management were extracted from a computerized data management system (HITRACK). Of 100,225 newborn infants, 2.9% were admitted to the NICU during the study period. The overall incidence of hearing loss (HL) of any type/severity was 35/1,000 infants. Of infants with HL, 92.4% had their first automated auditory brainstem response at/before 1 month of corrected age. The incidence of congenital permanent HL identified by the UNHS was 15.4/1,000. The corrected median age of diagnosis was 4.5 months (1-23.5 months). Of 2,552 NICU graduates who passed the UNHS, 75.5% were retested at 3-6 months of life. Twelve infants with permanent late-onset HL were identified, raising the overall incidence of permanent HL to 19.9/1,000; 1.1/1,000 had auditory neuropathy. Of the 92 infants with HL, 89 (96.7%) had multiple risk factors. There is a high incidence of HL in NICU graduates; 22.6% were late in onset. An early rescreen in those who pass the UNHS is a beneficial step for this high risk population.

Comorbidities, mortality, and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who required admissions to public hospitals in Hong Kong - computerized data collection and analysis.

BackgroundCOPD is a common cause for hospital admission. Conventional studies of the epidemiology of COPD involved large patient number and immense resources and were difficult to be repeated. The present study aimed at assessing the utilization of a computerized data management system in the collection and analysis of the epidemiological and clinical data of a large COPD cohort in Hong Kong (HK).Patients and methodsIt was a computerized, multicenter, retrospective review of the characteristics of patients discharged from medical departments of the 16 participating hospitals with the primary discharge diagnosis of COPD in 1 year (2012). Comparison was made between the different subgroups in the use of medications, ventilatory support, and other health care resources. The mortality of the subjects in different subgroups was traced up to December 31, 2014. The top 10 causes of death were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 9,776 subjects (82.6% men, mean age = 78 years) were identified. Of the 1,918 subjects with lung function coding, 85 (4.4%), 488 (25.5%), 808 (42.1%), and 537 (28.0%) subjects had the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 1, 2, 3, and 4 classes, respectively. Patients with higher GOLD classes had higher number of hospital admissions, longer hospital stay, increased usage of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), combinations of long-acting bronchodilators, and higher mortality. Of the 9,776 subjects, 2,278 (23.3%) received NIV, but invasive mechanical ventilation was uncommon (134 of 9,776 subjects [1.4%]); 4,427 (45.3%) subjects had died by the end of 2014. The top causes of death were COPD, pneumonia, lung cancer, and other malignancies.ConclusionPatients admitted to hospitals for COPD in HK had significant comorbidities, mortality, and imposed heavy burden on health care resources. It is possible to collect and analyze data of a large COPD cohort through a computerized system. Suboptimal coding of lung function results was observed, and underutilization of long-acting bronchodilators was common.

Актуальные вопросы разработки и применения автоматизированных информационных систем для оценки эффективности работы амбулаторных кабинетов «диабетическая стопа»

Актуальные вопросы разработки и применения автоматизированных информационных систем для оценки эффективности работы амбулаторных кабинетов «диабетическая стопа»

Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma associated with atypical glandular cells on liquid-based cervical cytology

In 2008, the management of women in Ireland with atypical glandular cells changed to immediate referral to colposcopy. The optimal management of these women is unclear. A balance between the detection of occult disease and overtreatment is required. Our study aim was to document the experience of this policy at the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin. Information from the computerized data management system was analysed with the statistical package SPSS. In 2009, 156 women attended colposcopy following a single atypical glandular cell diagnosis on liquid-based cytology. The mean age was 41 years. Thirty (19.2%) women had abnormal vaginal bleeding, 31 (19.9%) were smokers and 34 (21.8%) had received previous treatment. The colposcopy was satisfactory in 125 (80.1%) and unsatisfactory in 31 (19.9%). Cervical histology was available for 146 (93.6%) women: 57 excisional procedures and 89 diagnostic biopsies. Abnormal histology was detected in 46 women (31.5%). Four women (2.7%) had invasive cancer, five (3.4%) had adenocarcinoma in situ, 21 (14.4%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or 3 and 16 (11.0%) had CIN1. No abnormality was detected in 100 women (68.5%), including 35 (61.4%) of those who had undergone excisional procedures. The colposcopic impression in this group was unsatisfactory in 10 women (28.6%), glandular abnormalities in six (17.1%), high- and low-grade changes in 12 (34.2%) and six (17.1%) women, respectively, and normal in one (2.9%). The findings were essentially negative in the remaining 10 women: overall, 30 (19.2%) of the 156 women referred to colposcopy had at least CIN2. This study confirmed significant levels of high-grade disease in women referred to colposcopy with atypical glandular cells on cytology. Concerns about undetected endocervical disease resulted in high levels of negative excisional biopsies. Alternative strategies, including endometrial sampling, human papillomavirus testing and discussion at clinicopathological meeting, should be considered.

State Laws Improve Hearing Screening Follow-Up

State Laws Improve Hearing Screening Follow-Up

Recruitment and retention of low-income minority women in a behavioral intervention to reduce smoking, depression, and intimate partner violence during pregnancy

BackgroundResearchers have frequently encountered difficulties in the recruitment and retention of minorities resulting in their under-representation in clinical trials. This report describes the successful strategies of recruitment and retention of African Americans and Latinos in a randomized clinical trial to reduce smoking, depression and intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Socio-demographic characteristics and risk profiles of retained vs. non-retained women and lost to follow-up vs. dropped-out women are presented. In addition, subgroups of pregnant women who are less (more) likely to be retained are identified.MethodsPregnant African American women and Latinas who were Washington, DC residents, aged 18 years or more, and of 28 weeks gestational age or less were recruited at six prenatal care clinics. Potentially eligible women were screened for socio-demographic eligibility and the presence of the selected behavioral and psychological risks using an Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview. Eligible women who consented to participate completed a baseline telephone evaluation after which they were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to either the intervention or the usual care group.ResultsOf the 1,398 eligible women, 1,191 (85%) agreed to participate in the study. Of the 1,191 women agreeing to participate, 1,070 completed the baseline evaluation and were enrolled in the study and randomized, for a recruitment rate of 90%. Of those enrolled, 1,044 were African American women. A total of 849 women completed the study, for a retention rate of 79%. Five percent dropped out and 12% were lost-to-follow up. Women retained in the study and those not retained were not statistically different with regard to socio-demographic characteristics and the targeted risks. Retention strategies included financial and other incentives, regular updates of contact information which was tracked and monitored by a computerized data management system available to all project staff, and attention to cultural competence with implementation of study procedures by appropriately selected, trained, and supervised staff. Single, less educated, alcohol and drug users, non-working, and non-WIC women represent minority women with expected low retention rates.ConclusionWe conclude that with targeted recruitment and retention strategies, minority women will participate at high rates in behavioral clinical trials. We also found that women who drop out are different from women who are lost to follow-up, and require different strategies to optimize their completion of the study.

A web information system for the management and the dissemination of Cultural Heritage data

Safeguarding and exploiting Cultural Heritage induce the production of numerous and heterogeneous data. The management of these data is an essential task for the use and the diffusion of the information gathered on the field. Previously, the data handling was a hand-made task done thanks to efficient and experienced methods. Until the growth of computer science, other methods have been carried out for the digital preservation and treatment of Cultural Heritage information. The development of computerized data management systems to store and make use of archaeological datasets is then a significant task nowadays. Especially for sites that have been excavated and worked without computerized means, it is now necessary to put all the data produced onto computer. This allows preservation of the information digitally (in addition with the paper documents) and offers new exploitation possibilities, like the immediate connection of different kinds of data for analyses, or the digital documentation of the site for its improvement. Geographical Information Systems have proved their potentialities in this scope, but they are not always adapted to the management of features at the scale of a particular archaeological site. Therefore this paper aims to present the development of a Virtual Research Environment dedicated to the exploitation of intra-site Cultural Heritage data. The Information System produced is based on open-source software modules dedicated to the Internet, so users can avoid being software driven and can register and consult data from different computers. The system gives the opportunity to do exploratory analyses of the data, especially at spatial and temporal levels. The system is compliant to every kind of Cultural Heritage site and allows management of diverse types of data. Some experimentation has been done on sites managed by the Service of the National Sites and Monuments of Luxembourg.

The Canadian National Water and Wastewater Benchmarking Initiative. Using process to drive improvement: strategic management of water in urban areas

Earth Tech has been successfully benchmarking Canadian municipal water, wastewater and stormwater utility operations since 1997. While the fundamental purpose of this project was metric benchmarking for the purpose of making performance comparisons to guide continuous improvement, the project is now serving as a dynamic platform to consider, examine, and implement a broad range of utility best practices that have resulted in superior performance where they have been implemented. The keys to success, however, were based more on a process that emphasizes communication, teamwork, and collaboration rather than the trend to push computerized data management systems to their fullest potential, and most importantly, in recognizing the importance of ‘hard work’. With these success factors now well understood and documented, it is feasible to benchmark almost any public infrastructure amongst agencies that are willing, regardless of their level of technological development. Finally, by sharing this methodology, the performance measure descriptions and detailed definitions, it is also feasible to make international comparisons in a simple and cost effective manner, thus opening the door to the broad exchange of international best practices.

Recognizing and assessing pain, suffering and distress in laboratory animals: a survey of current practice in the UK with recommendations.

A survey was undertaken to evaluate how animal pain, suffering and distress are recognized and assessed in UK scientific procedure establishments designated under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. A total of 28 institutions were visited between June 1999 and April 2001, within which 137 people were interviewed including scientists, veterinarians and animal technicians. All 28 establishments use clinical observation sheets to assist the recognition of adverse effects, nine use score sheets and seven use computerized data management systems. Clinical signs used as indicators of potential pain, suffering or distress are largely subjective. The survey also addressed protocols and methods for avoiding and alleviating adverse effects, record keeping, review of policies and protocols and issues relating to team work and training. Respondents use a range of techniques for reducing suffering including analgesia, humane endpoints, ensuring competence and refining husbandry. All establishments review projects regularly but few have the time or resources formally to review adverse effects noted in practice and to compare observations with predictions made in licence applications. Training is very consistent between different establishments and most aim to achieve a 'team approach' for monitoring and assessing animals. Results are summarized in the present, abridged paper and set out in full in a report that can be downloaded at http://www.lal.org.uk/pain/(Hawkins 2002). The present paper and the full report, including its recommendations, are intended to provide a source of information, discussion topics and ideas for all establishments that need to monitor animal well-being.

The Most Important Points in Grand Slam Singles Tennis

A computerized data management system was used to enter details of points played in 252 tennis matches from the men's and women's singles events of all four Grand Slam tournaments over a 2-year period. A supplementary data analysis system was developed to determine the proportion of points won by each player on serve at each game score from love all to deuce as well as the proportion of games the player went on to win from each score. Analysis of the 43 matches in which both players served at each score from love all to deuce revealed that the proportion of points won by the server was not significantly influenced by score, F(15, 495) = 0.8, p > .05. A further analysis of the 175 matches consisting of at least 100 points revealed that the proportion of points won by the superior player was not significantly influenced by gender, F(1, 165) = 0.1, p > .05, or surface, F(3, 165) = 0.1, p > .05. However, the proportion of points won when serving was significantly greater in men's singles than women's singles, F(1, 165) = 69.7, p < .001, R 2 = .30. Surface also had a significant influence on the proportion of points won when serving, F(3, 165) = 8.1, p < .001, R 2 = .13, with a significantly greater proportion of points won when serving by both winning and losing players at Wimbledon than at the Australian and French Opens, p < .05. This suggests that gender and surface should be accounted for when determining the importance of points in Grand Slam tennis.

Seasonal Effects on Reproduction in the Domestic Sow in Finland - A Herd Record Study

Seasonal effects on fertility of the domestic sow were assessed by retrospective analysis of the Finnish national computerised data management system covering 1081 herds in 1993. Multivariate analyses were used, where the reproductive parameter of interest (repeat breeding, weaning to oestrus interval, age of gilts at first farrowing, litter size, culling due to anoestrus or no conception) was designed as the response variable. The months of the year (each month compared with January) and all herds and breed were included in the models as explanatory variables. The study demonstrated clear seasonal effects on various aspects of fertility in the domestic sow. The poorest reproductive performance was consistently observed in late summer and autumn and was demonstrated in a number of ways. Firstly, the gilts born between December and April were older (> 5 days) at farrowing than those born during the rest of the year (p < 0.01). Secondly, the risk that a culled sow would be culled due to anoestrus was significantly increased during the autumn months (Odds Ratio (OR) ranged from 1.10 to 1.36). Thirdly, the risk of a repeat breeding was higher from July to November (OR = 1.16). Risk of a prolonged weaning-to-oestrus beyond day 10 was the highest from August to October (OR ranged from 1.70 to 1.77). Risk of a sow to be culled due to no conception was the highest in January and February (weaned in October-November). In addition, descriptive data gathered in a slaughterhouse in 1993 (a subpopulation of the sows included in the herd records) suggest that incidence of inactive ovaries is increased in summer-autumn (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a marked reduction in fertility of the domestic sow in Finland is reported between July and November.

Data management for toxicological studies.

Organized data management increases the reliability of statistical analysis. The basic purpose of data management is to assure the integrity and the quality of data. To assure data validity, establishing a checking system, such as data audit, would be desirable at the following points: protocol design, supervision of study schedule, definition of data, data collection, choice of tests and procedures, verification, data checking, data recording, data handling, data analysis, and data validation. To process an enormous amount of data on a multitude of items, use of a computerized system would be advantageous. The data processing system in toxicological studies should be based on a protocol-driven system, which gathers and records the data accurately. The main functions that are to be handled by computer are data collection, recording and retrieval via terminals, and statistical analysis of data and assembling of reports. One should be able to validate whether the computer system would perform its intended function accurately, reliably, and consistently. This paper discusses the basic considerations of data management and provides examples of the state of the computerized data management system and its validation.

Exposure Assessment for a Study of Workers Exposed to Acrylonitrile. I. Job Exposure Profiles: A Computerized Data Management System

Abstract In industry-based epidemiologic studies, both air monitoring data and descriptive information are often used in the evaluation of workplace exposures. The format of the descriptive information may vary by plant, department, job title, and year; information on a particular job may often be scattered throughout many documents and may be repetitious. These problems make it difficult to efficiently and systematically assess exposures and document the basis for the assessment. This report describes a computerized data management system that provides a systematic organization of the exposure information collected from various sources at different plants. This computerized system was developed for an epidemiologic study of workers exposed to acrylonitrile to provide documentation of the information that was evaluated to assess exposures. The system was also developed to allow efficient reference as to where that information was found in the study documents and was maintained by unique job/department/plant combinations. The information included items such as a description of the manufacturing process for the department, the tasks and/or duties performed in the job, changes in the department that had a significant effect on exposure levels, the frequency of airborne, peak, and dermal exposures, personal protective equipment use, and the presence of other chemical exposures. This type of data management system could be used in other studies to document collected information or as the basis for maintaining and updating current industrial hygiene records systems. It was, however, developed for use in another computerized system to estimate quantitative levels of exposure. This other system will be described in a future report. Stewart, P.A.; Lemanski, D.; White, D.; Zey, J.; Herrick, R.F.; Masters, M.; Rayner, J.; Dosemeci, M.; Gomez, M.; Pottem, L.: Exposure Assessment for a Study of Workers Exposed to Acrylonitrile. I. Job Exposure Profiles: A Computerized Data Management System. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 7(12):820–825; 1992.

Quality control methods for data entry in pathology using a computerized data management system based on an extended data dictionary

In pathology, computerized data management systems have been used increasingly to facilitate a more efficient supply of information. Since data entry precedes data utilization, the reliability of the information stored strongly depends on the quality of data input. Despite its potential capability, most personal computer-based database software does not provide versatile and user-friendly data validation procedures. Therefore, we developed a data dictionary-driven data management system that enables the user to perform extensive validation routines without the need for hard programming. Using examples from an existing database for endometrial carcinomas, different types of data errors and their error traps are explained. It is pointed out that data type definitions, defaults, templates, or picture clauses are suitable means to avoid formal errors. Validations on data domains and ranges test whether data fall into a predefined scope. Relational checks control data validity within a context of different data items, whereas process routines provide automatic data computation, thereby circumventing user input. By exploiting the facilities of an extended data dictionary, a powerful tool is made available to secure various aspects of data integrity simultaneously with input. In this way, computerized data quality control can improve the efficiency and reliability of data management tasks in pathology.

A computer system for rehabilitation of buildings in their urban setting

The authors describe the application of computer techniques in a special example of technical management of the architectural and urban fabric. This relates to a restoration and rehabilitation programme being carried out in Marseille's old city quarters which will involve reconstruction of facades. The GAMSAU laboratory has chosen this example as a testing ground for the development and analysis of the requirements for a computerised data management system. The data to be collected will include descriptions of the current state of facades and details of their historical evolution complete with drawings, photographs, and colour palettes. The computer system will be based on a database management package, and will feature structured object description, multimedia data support, sharing and distribution of data among users, the integration of different applications software, handling of design alternatives, and keeping of progress records.

ETHNOGRAPHY AND AIDS

Ethnography has become an important research method in social scientific efforts to understand AIDS. The relationship between ethnography and AIDS has had numerous consequences on the conduct of ethnographic work: (a) the influx of large-scale government funding; (b) the bureaucratization of the ethnographic team; (c) the need for sophisticated, computerized data management systems; (d) the use of ethnography as a mechanism for empowerment; (e) the movement from viewing the research collaborator as “subject” to “client”; (f) the reduction in the stigma traditionally attached to research on homosexual phenomena; (g) increased cooperation between qualitative and quantitative researchers; and (h) the opportunity to conduct a wide range of innovative ethnographic studies. Although the relationship between ethnography and AIDS can inform current academic debates on the ethnographic enterprise, the ultimate value of our research lies in our ability to elegantly describe the everyday lives of people who are coping with or simply trying to make sense of AIDS.

Need for Uniformity in Collection and Reporting of Data in Cancer Clinical Trials

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has recently publicized the need for increasing accrual of patients to clinical trials. A recent editorial by NCI officials stated that currently only l%-3% of patients afflicted with the major forms of cancer are treated on NCI-supported trials (7). One of the reasons cited by physicians for not enrolling more patients in clinical trials is the demand imposed by data-management requirements (2). An article in the lay press noted that a primary reason physicians do not enter more patients into trials is the burden of paperwork required for each patient placed on study (3). The physicians' reluctance to subject themselves and their staffs to the burdens of extensive data collection is a major barrier to enrollment of patients in controlled trials (7). Many institutions and investigators have attempted to reduce the impact of paperwork by implementing computerized datamanagement systems, ranging from small personal-computer databases serving a single investigator to complex mainframe designs used by several institutions. These systems, although extremely useful in meeting the needs of scientific groups, usually do not satisfy the reporting requirements mandated by the sponsors, organizers, and regulatory agencies such as the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) of the NCI, cooperative groups, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), pharmaceutical industry sponsors, and local Institutional Review Boards (IRBs).

Comparison of acceptance and performance of automated and manual data management systems in intensive care

A computerized data management system for intensive care was compared to conventional manual record keeping. The criteria for the comparison were the nurses' acceptance, the reliability in recording haemodynamic trends and the ability of the physicians' to recall patient data after being on duty for 24 hours. At the time of the study the data management system had been in routine clinical use for 18 months. During the study the data management system was replaced by manual record keeping for three weeks. The majority of the nurses preferred the data management system to the manual record keeping. It was also more reliable in collecting data for trend graphs from the patient monitors. The physicians made significantly less mistakes in recalling patient data when the data management system was in use than during manual record keeping. According to the criteria of the study, the data management system was superior to the conventional manual system.