Computer Workstation Research Articles

The evolution of Microsoft Windows operating systems after 2001

The purpose of this article is to present the most important changes that occurred with the release of successive versions of Windows after 2001 and to compare Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 10, Windows 11 in terms of performance, resource consumption, speed of file operations and usability of the graphical user interface. For this purpose, research scenarios were prepared to enable for reliable testing, two computer workstations were prepared to install the operating systems under study, and research experiments were conducted. The results of the research were presented graphically and analyzed. Conclusions were drawn to answer the question of whether the usability of Windows operating systems increased with the advent of new versions of the system.

HYPERTILING — a high performance Python library for the generation and visualization of hyperbolic lattices

HYPERTILING is a high-performance Python library for the generation and visualization of regular hyperbolic lattices embedded in the Poincaré disk model. Using highly optimized, efficient algorithms, hyperbolic tilings with millions of vertices can be created in a matter of minutes on a single workstation computer. Facilities including computation of adjacent vertices, dynamic lattice manipulation, refinements, as well as powerful plotting and animation capabilities are provided to support advanced uses of hyperbolic graphs. In this manuscript, we present a comprehensive exploration of the package, encompassing its mathematical foundations, usage examples, applications, and a detailed description of its implementation.

Codebase release 1.3 for HYPERTILING

HYPERTILING is a high-performance Python library for the generation and visualization of regular hyperbolic lattices embedded in the Poincaré disk model. Using highly optimized, efficient algorithms, hyperbolic tilings with millions of vertices can be created in a matter of minutes on a single workstation computer. Facilities including computation of adjacent vertices, dynamic lattice manipulation, refinements, as well as powerful plotting and animation capabilities are provided to support advanced uses of hyperbolic graphs. In this manuscript, we present a comprehensive exploration of the package, encompassing its mathematical foundations, usage examples, applications, and a detailed description of its implementation.

Application of Information and Communication Technology(ICT) in the Services of Public and Academics Libraries in Pangasinan

The intensifying era of Information communication technology (ICT) really brought great changes, especially in libraries. Both positive and negative effects of the application of such are visible to librarians and to users. Different challenges regarding the application of ICT in libraries are also encountered.Considering the importance of ICT in libraries, the researchers conducted this study to determine the level of application of ICT in the services of public and academic libraries in Pangasinan in order to enhance the access, storage,and process of information and to improve the operation services of these libraries. This study used a descriptive method of research. A descriptive research method is used to describe, as well as explain, or validate some sort of hypothesis or objective when it comes to a specific group of people (McNeill, 2018). The questionnaire was used as the data gathering instrument aided with an interview technique in order to validate the answer. The researchers made use of frequency count, percentage, and mean as statistical tools. Results show that both public and academic libraries have available hardware facilities. Computer servers, workstations, net servers, and printers are 100 percent available in these libraries. Moreover, Online databases are the most available resources for information retrieval. On the other hand, Lack of funds/financial assistance was the most identified challenge by the librarians in the application of ICT. Further, a Pooled mean of 2.86 was rated and interpreted as moderately applied concerning the level of application of ICT in their respective libraries both in technical and reader’s services. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the application of ICT in the library services of public and academic libraries in Pangasinan is not yet at its highest, but advancing it to its fullest is possible if the school administrators and local government will give and provide their full support on ICT project of libraries.

Upper body posture changes during sitting in female office workers with lower crossed syndrome

Background/Objective: Office workers are exposed to high levels of sedentary time. This sedentary time may have impacts on office workers which affect the normal movement patterns of sitting position caused by muscle tightness and weakness. The aims of this study were to investigate postural changes in lower crossed syndrome (LCS) on a head tilt angle (HTA), craniovertebral angle (CVA), sagittal shoulder angle (SSA), and trunk flexion angle (TFA) during 30 min sitting in female office workers. Methods: Fifty-four office workers who use computer for at least 4 h/day, work for at least 5 years were recruited. All subjects were evaluated their posture, muscle length and power and assigned into three groups: healty group ([Formula: see text]), LCS type A ([Formula: see text]), and LCS type B ([Formula: see text]). Testing posture was 30[Formula: see text]min sitting at computer workstation and typing on standardized with video record. Then three pictures were captured at four points of time from VDO records. All angles were measured two-way mixed ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test was used to analyse the data. Results: Subjects with LCS type B have less CVA, SSA, and TFA than healthy and participants with LCS type A significantly during sitting at 0, 10, 20 and 30[Formula: see text]min. There was no significant difference in HTA among the three groups. Conclusion: Subjects with LCS type B showed significant the upper body posture changes compared with other groups.

Impact of BrainLab VectorVision Infrared-Based Neuronavigation on Surgical Outcomes in Intracranial Meningioma Patients: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND The BrainLab VectorVision neuronavigation system is an image-guided, frameless localization system used intraoperatively, which includes a computer workstation for viewing and analyzing operative microscopic images. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the use of the BrainLab VectorVision infrared-based neuronavigation imaging system in 80 patients with intracranial meningioma removed surgically between 2013 and 2023. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from 36 patients with convexity meningioma and 44 patients with parasagittal meningioma between 2013 and 2023. The surgical operation of 40 of these patients was performed with the help of neuronavigation, while the other 40 were performed without neuronavigation. Demographic data, preoperative and postoperative radiologic images, craniotomy measurements, surgical complications, and operative times of patients with and without neuronavigation were analyzed. RESULTS Using neuronavigation significantly increased surgery duration (P=0.023). In 6 patients without the use of neuronavigation, the craniotomy had to be enlarged and this resulted in superior sagittal sinus (SSS) damage (P=0.77, P=0.107). Patients for whom neuronavigation was used did not experience any sinus damage and did not require craniotomy enlargement. Postoperative epidural hematoma (EH) developed in 9 patients without navigation, whereas it developed in only 1 patient with navigation (P=0.104). Residual tumors were less common in patients using navigation (P=0.237). CONCLUSIONS The use of neuronavigation allows the incision and craniotomy to be reduced in size. Intraoperatively, it allows the surgeon to master the boundaries of the tumor and surrounding vascular structures, reducing the risk of complications. These results suggest that neuronavigation systems are an effective ancillary in meningioma surgery.

Enhancement of Cryptocurrency Mining through Artificial Intelligence for Workstation Systems

For workstation computers, it is highly recommended to use AI-powered bitcoin mining to maximise processing time and resource allocation. Conventional PC mining systems have a number of difficulties, such overheating, system availability algorithms, and controlling power consumption in relation to bitcoin production. The study has introduced an AI board called LSAI48266x in order to encounter the traditional PC mining systems. It uses intelligent algorithms to solve the problems existence with traditional PC based crypto mining. Even in the absence of human workers at the workstation PCs, LSAI48266x detects the best times to mine cryptocurrency by incorporating a variety of variables. The goal of the suggested solution is to minimise total electricity use while optimising CPU power utilisation. Using AI to increase computer resource efficiency during idle times is the major goal of the idea, which also aims to reduce excessive power consumption, preserve system dependability, and increase income.

Volumetric study of the hippocampus and amygdala in normal human brain during childhood and adolescence

Background The hippocampus and amygdala play critical roles in memory, emotion, and learning, so understanding their development is essential for comprehending how these functions mature throughout life. Aim Study volumetric changes of the hippocampus and amygdala in the normal human brain across childhood and adolescence. Patients and methods Sixty healthy Egyptian persons of both sexes aged between 6 and 21 years were recruited from the Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University. Three age groups were formed based on the following ranges: group I: 24 people (6–10 years), group II: 19 persons (11–15 years), and group III: 17 people (16–21 years). Three-dimesnional T1 sequence was conducted using a slice thickness of 0.5 mm. Brain images were sent to a personal computer workstation, where the slicer 5.0.2 was used to generate consistent morphometric measurements by manual tracing. Results The mean values of hippocampus-corrected volumes in each group revealed right asymmetry, but amygdala-corrected volumes exhibited no difference (P>0.05) between the right and left hemispheres. Regarding the total corrected hippocampus and amygdala volumes, there was a highly significant increase in early adolescence compared with childhood, followed by a highly significant decline in group III (late adolescent). Conclusion Volumes of corrected hippocampus and amygdala increased during childhood and early adolescence groups but decreased during the late adolescence group.

Analyzing the pros and cons of paper-based 2D drawings in construction: a survey of U.S. construction professionals

Despite the well-known weaknesses of paper-based 2D drawings like cross-referencing and the dependency on other documents and instructions, they continue to be widely used in construction sites across the US. These weaknesses can cause misinterpretation, errors, safety, and productivity issues on construction sites. This study aims to shed light on the reasons behind the enduring popularity of paper-based methods (e.g. 2D drawings) by understanding the pros and cons of traditional information delivery methods used by construction tradespeople. The methodology includes a survey examining the continued prevalence of paper-based drawings on construction sites despite the availability of computer workstations and tablets. The survey targeted professionals actively engaged in construction projects. The evaluation results revealed that although paper-based methods have significant shortcomings compared to digital methods, they also offer advantages that justify their ongoing use. The findings can help future efforts to improve information delivery methods in the construction industry by developing hybrid approaches that leverage the strengths of both paper-based and digital methods while mitigating their drawbacks. This could lead to a reduction in errors related to the interpretation of design and construction information, particularly by combining the reliability of paper-based documentation with the accessibility and efficiency of digital methods.

Effect of computer workstation set-ups on muscle oxygen saturation and perceived fatigue

Multiple literatures show evidences of how office workstation set-ups can influence muscle activities. However, the relationship between the postural adoption due to workstation setup and its effect to muscle oxygen saturation among office workers is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate trends of muscle oxygen saturation and perceived fatigue ratings between different upper limbs posture variations among representative computer users. A repeated measure experiment was conducted on 15 participants to compare the muscle oxygen saturation and perceived fatigue ratings between four different office work posture variations. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were conducted to analyze significant differences on the dependent parameters. Data analysis showed statistically significant trends (p≤0.050) of lower muscle oxygen saturation in workstation set-ups in which participants were adopting raised shoulder and extended arm positions. In addition, the findings revealed that the perceived fatigue ratings on the shoulder, upper arm and lower arm are the lowest (p≤0.050) in workstation condition where subject can adopt neutral postures. The results highlight the effect of good office workstation setup and work postures to individual muscle oxygen saturation and fatigue levels.

Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability assessment of the Indonesian version of the Computer Workstation Ergonomics: Self-Assessment Checklist.

Prolonged use of computer devices can have adverse health effects, but these can be mitigated by setting up computer workstations according to ergonomic principles. The Computer Workstation Ergonomics: Self-Assessment Checklist can guide workers in implementing these principles. However, the checklist is only available in English, which may reduce the accuracy of the instrument when used by non-English speakers, including Indonesians. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Computer Workstation Ergonomics: Self-Assessment Checklist for use in Indonesia. Additionally, a reliability assessment was conducted on the adapted checklist. This study followed a six-stage cross-cultural adaptation process, including translation, synthesis of translation, back translation, expert committee review, pretesting, and documentation submission. The final version of the adapted checklist underwent testing for intra-rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency. The cross-cultural adaptation process resulted in an Indonesian version of the Computer Workstation Ergonomics: Self-Assessment Checklist. Furthermore, the Krippendorff's alpha values for the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the adapted checklist ranged from 0.59 to 0.78 (mean = 0.70) and 0.20 to 0.82 (mean = 0.56), respectively. The study produced an Indonesian version of the Computer Workstation Ergonomics: Self-Assessment Checklist that had an adequate reliability. The adapted checklist can serve as a practical tool for evaluating and improving computer workstations in Indonesia.

Evaluating the Accuracy of Upper Limb Movement in the Sagittal Plane among Computer Users during the COVID-19 Pandemic

(1) Background: The most common musculoskeletal pathology among healthcare professionals is neck and/or shoulder pain. The aim of this study was to determine the dominant upper limb functionality concerning the ability to replicate a given movement pattern among employees reporting neck or upper limb pain while using a computer during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: The study was conducted from March to April 2021 on a group of 45 medical employees who used a computer workstation for 4 to 6 h of their working time. In the design of this study, three study groups were created: a group of patients with pain syndrome of segment C5/C7 of the spine, a group of patients with shoulder pain syndrome, and a control group of healthy volunteers. (3) Results: The examined groups significantly differed in the correctness of performing the given movement (p = 0.001) and the minimum value of inclination during the exercise session (p = 0.026), as well as the maximum lowering (p = 0.03) in relation to the control group. (4) Conclusions: The VECTIS device can be used to assess the accuracy of reflecting the prescribed movement of the upper limb in rehabilitation programs for patients with cervical spine pain syndrome and shoulder pain syndrome.

An Ergonomic Evaluation of the Office Workplace: Determining the Cut-off Point of Checklists for Workstation Layout and Computer Users’ Posture

An Ergonomic Evaluation of the Office Workplace: Determining the Cut-off Point of Checklists for Workstation Layout and Computer Users’ Posture

Effects of head alignment devices on working memory and postural support during computer work.

The most common risk factor of computer workers is poor head and neck posture. Therefore, upright seated posture has been recommended repeatedly. However, maintaining an upright seated posture is challenging during computer work and induces various complaints, such as fatigue and discomfort, which can interfere working performance. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain an upright posture without complaints or intentional efforts during long-term computer work. Alignment devices are an appropriate maneuver to support postural control for maintaining head-neck orientation and reduce head weight. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of workstations combined with alignment device on head-neck alignment, muscle properties, comfort and working memory ability in computer workers. Computer workers (n = 37) participated in a total of three sessions (upright computer (CPT_U), upright support computer (CPT_US), traction computer (CPT_T) workstations). The craniovertebral angle, muscles tone and stiffness, visual analog discomfort scale score, 2-back working memory performance, and electroencephalogram signals were measured. All three workstations had a substantial effect on maintaining head-neck alignment (p< 0.001), but only CPT_US showed significant improvement on psychological comfort (p = 0.04) and working memory performance (p = 0.024), which is consistent with an increase in delta power. CPT_U showed the increased beta 2 activity, discomfort, and false rates compared to CPT_US. CPT_T showed increased alpha and beta 2 activity and decreased delta activity, which are not conductive to working memory performance. In conclusion, CPT_US can effectively induce efficient neural oscillations without causing any discomfort by increasing delta and decreasing beta 2 activity for working memory tasks.

ACADEMIC LIBRARY MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND PRACTICES IN GHANA: INSIGHTS FROM THE SD DOMBO UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

This study examines the academic library management issues and practices at the University of Business and Integrated Development Studies (UBIDS) in Ghana. The aim is to provide insights into the current state of library resources, technology infrastructure, and user satisfaction, and identify challenges. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, to gather data from library staff, students, and faculty members. The findings reveal that UBIDS has a substantial collection of physical and digital resources, indicating a commitment to providing diverse materials for academic pursuits. The implementation of technology infrastructure, such as computer workstations and internet connectivity, highlights the university's recognition of the importance of digital resources in the academic landscape. However, limited funding emerges as a significant challenge, hindering the acquisition of new materials and investment in advanced technologies. The policy implications include the need for increased funding and support for academic libraries in Ghana. Policymakers should acknowledge the crucial role of libraries in supporting teaching, learning, and research activities and allocate adequate resources. Staff training and development should also be emphasized to enhance library services, including information literacy programs and user support. Collaboration among academic libraries and other stakeholders is recommended to leverage collective resources and improve access to information. This study contributes to the understanding of academic library management in Ghana and offers practical implications for policymakers and library administrators to enhance library services and resources. Addressing the identified challenges and implementing the suggested policy recommendations can promote the development and effectiveness of academic libraries, benefiting the entire academic community in Ghana.

Three-dimensional analysis reveals a high incidence of lung adenocarcinoma in the upper region.

The lung is a unique organ with a ventilation-perfusion mismatch, which can cause inhomogeneous incidence rates of lung cancer depending on the location in the lung. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of lung adenocarcinoma in each lobe by analyzing the incidence per unit volume, to evaluate the incidence without being affected by differences in the size of each lobe or in the size of the lungs between individuals. The number of adenocarcinomas in each lobe was counted. Lung volumes were measured using a three-dimensional computer workstation. The tumor incidence per unit volume was analyzed based on the number of tumors in each lobe. The number of tumors per unit volume was 0.467 in the right upper lobe (RUL), 0.182 in the right middle lobe, 0.209 in the right lower lobe, 0.306 in the left upper segment (LUS), 0.083 in the left lingular segment, and 0.169 in the left lower lobe. The tumor incidence rate of RUL + LUS was 2.269 times that of the other lobes, a value that was significantly higher when using the bootstrap method (p < 0.001). The incidence of adenocarcinoma per unit volume in both upper lobes was higher than that in other lobes.

Evaluating the ergonomic deficiencies in computer workstations and investigating their correlation with reported musculoskeletal disorders and visual symptoms among computer users in Bangladeshi university

BackgroundNowadays, computer users are facing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and visual symptoms. Prolonged sitting in inappropriate, awkward, and static postures on the computer workstation may cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Similarly, inappropriate placement of monitors, illumination, and other factors such as prolonged usage of computers are related to visual symptoms. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the ergonomic deficiencies of computer workstations and their correlation with MSDs and visual symptoms. Methods: This study involved 271 university employees from a Bangladeshi engineering university. Ergonomic deficiencies were evaluated through direct observations and Occupational Safety and Health Administration checklists. In addition, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of MSDs and visual discomforts. Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) analysis was also used to examine the correlation between musculoskeletal symptoms and ergonomic deficiencies. Results: Results showed serious deficiencies in workstation setup, seating arrangement, monitor orientations, keyboard orientations, other input device orientations, and accessory setup. Employees reported that the MSDs in different body regions during the last 12 months including lower back (62 %), upper back (53 %), shoulders (47 %), and neck (25 %). Moreover, itchy eyes (69 %), tired eyes (83 %), and unclear vision (56.83 %) were the most common visual discomforts or visual symptoms among the participants. Results also revealed that monitor ergonomics and its orientation deficits were significantly associated with visual discomforts. Gender, job type, age, BMI, work experience, duration of computer work, and beak taking after 2 h were the independent variables reliably predicting the MSDs and visual symptoms. Conclusion: It is evident that MSDs and visual symptoms were associated with computer workstation deficiencies and other work-related factors.

SIMPLE PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES AND MEDICAL USES OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN A NEW ASSESSMENT

The development of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been founded on the discovery of X-rays, the inception of the Radon transform, and the growth of X-ray digital data acquisition systems and computer knowledge. Dissimilar conventional X-ray imaging (general radiography), CT reconstructs cross-sectional anatomical images of the internal structures according to X-ray attenuation co-efficients (approximate tissue density) for almost every region in the body. This articleappraisals the essential physical principles and practical aspects of the CT scanner, including numerous notable evolutions in CT technology that resulted in the appearance of helical, multidetector, cone beam, portable, dual-energy, and phase-contrast CT, in integrated imaging modalities, such as positronemission- tomography一CT and single-photon-emission-computed-tomography-CT, and in clinical applications, including image acquisition parameters, CT angiography, image adjustment, versatile image visualizations, volumetric/surface rendering on a computer workstation, radiation treatment planning, and target localization in radiotherapy. The understanding of CT characteristics will provide more effective and accurate patient care in the fields of diagnostics and radiotherapy, and can lead to the improvement of image quality and the optimization of exposure doses.

Effect of sit-stand workstation position and computer task on head and trunk postural sway and discomfort

Adjustable-height desks may provide musculoskeletal health benefits to offset the effects of prolonged sitting. One mechanism may be increased postural variability, here characterized by head and trunk postural sway. Linear acceleration of the head and trunk were measured while participants used computer workstations in seated and standing positions during keyboard and mouse tasks; secondary measures were discomfort and proprioception (head and neck repositioning error). Median accelerations of the head and trunk were 20–26% lower in mouse tasks compared to keyboard tasks (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in sway parameters between seated and standing positions. Discomfort and proprioception were correlated; subjects who experienced increased neck discomfort after 1.5 h of computer work had almost twice the head and neck repositioning error. The results suggest that postural sway is more affected by different tasks (keyboard vs. mouse) than by different workstation configurations and that low proprioception acuity may relate to the development of discomfort.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Its Association with Computer Workstation Ergonomics among Undergraduates in Malaysia

Background: Advanced technology promotes students to utilize computers widely for educational purposes, leading to increased musculoskeletal (MSK) pain among undergraduates. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of various MSK pain and its association with computer workstation ergonomics among undergraduates in Malaysia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire among 390 undergraduates. Data on Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Computer Workstation Checklist were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the prevalence of MSK pain and its association with computer workstation ergonomics was analysed using the chi-square test. Results: 79.1% and 52.7% of the participants reported MSK pain in the past 12 months and 7 days respectively. This study also revealed that pain in the neck, elbow, wrist, lower back, hip, knee, and ankle in the past 12 months were associated with the computer workstation ergonomics, namely the height of the armrest, keyboard, and input device, monitor’s viewing distance and level, the usage of a comfortable keyboard, comfortable input device and document holder, with p&lt;0.05. Whilst pain in the neck, wrist, and knee in the past 7 days were associated with the chair seat width, monitor’s distance and height, obstruction under the table, and usage of document holder, with p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: This study revealed that more than half of the undergraduates have experienced MSK pain and there is an association with computer workstation ergonomics. Therefore, undergraduates should be educated on the proper computer workstation ergonomics as a preventive measure for MSK pain.