Use Of Computers Research Articles

Raspberry Pi 3 Based Cloud Supported Temperature Controlled Spectrophotometer Design

Spectrophotometers are a kind of photometers that are used to find the amount of substance in the solution. Spectrophotometers detect the amount of radiation that is not absorbed by the solution in the sample chamber and gives information about the amount of substance in the sample. Spectrophotometers are used in many different fields such as chemistry, medicine, geology, environmental engineering and agriculture. Samples that will directly affect people, such as wastewater, drinking water, pharmaceuticals, are analyzed with high accuracy and possible hazards are avoided. In this study, a device that can be used in the detection of Salmonella bacteria is modeled. In addition, the fact that the heater unit of the device is on the test mechanism eliminates the need for heating in the external environment and the test data can be saved in the cloud environment over the internet connection, which is the novelty of this study. A spectrophotometer device was developed using Raspberry Pi 3 and Python software language. A 470 nm optical filter was used in the device. In addition to the features of standard spectrophotometers, the heating feature that can keep the sample temperature at the desired value has been added. This feature has been developed using the on-off logic method. Linear regression of optical measurements, R2 value was calculated as 0.9982 in density tests between 0.1 gram and 0.2 gram. The device was developed with a Raspberry Pi 3 minicomputer, it does not need an external computer for use. Thanks to the internet connection ability of Raspberry Pi 3, the analysis results are transferred to the cloud environment, allowing the user to see the results even when they are not at the device.

Critical issues of online learning management in higher educational institutions in a developing country context: examples from Ghana

PurposeOnline learning has come to stay in a technologically advancing world with increasing populations. The search for ways to make online learning more efficient and effective in some developing countries continues as the accompanying issues in developing country contexts abound. This paper explores the issues that underlie online learning management in a developing country context, focusing on the Moodle, Sakai and Zoom platforms used in some selected public universities in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study relied on the qualitative approach to data collection and a descriptive design for analysis. Using the social constructivism theory, the paper discussed the critical issues students, and to a lesser extent, instructors encounter in their engagement on these platforms for academic learning.FindingsThe study found that the inefficient use of these platforms is due to several factors including the high cost of data, poor perception of the quality of online learning compared to traditional in-person contacts, poor attitude of students, low participation in online learning, lack of computers and poor internet connectivity among others.Research limitations/implicationsIt is important to mention that this study was limited to some selected public universities in Ghana. Data could have been collected from a wider sample including other Ghanaian tertiary institutions or some other developing countries. The similarity of study outcomes in other developing countries, however, suggests that similar results would have been obtained in an international sample.Practical implicationsDespite the robustness of the Learning Management systems in place, the evidence suggests that their utilisation is far less than optimal. However, with relevant policies and the provision of needed technical support, training, provision of equipment like computers for use by both students and instructors and efficient internet connectivity, the LMS platforms could be more efficient for online learning.Originality/valueThe authors conducted this research using original data from interviews in the selected public universities in Ghana. The data was meant to inform the discussion on some of the critical issues that underlie online learning in a developing country context. Although the study relied on data from selected public universities in a single country, its outcomes reflect fundamental issues of online learning in a developing country context which find relevance in available study outcomes.

An Effective Matrix Technique for the Numerical Solution of Second Order Differential Equations

In this paper, an effective technique for solving differential equations with initial conditions is presented. The method is based on the use of the Legendre matrix of derivatives defined on the close interval [-1,1]. Properties of the polynomial are outlined and further used to obtain the matrix of derivative which was used in transforming the differential equation into systems of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations. The systems of these algebraic equations were then solved using Gaussian elimination method to determine the unknown parameters required for approximating the solution of the differential equation. The advantage of this technique over other methods is that, it has less computational manipulations and complexities and also its availability for application on both linear and nonlinear second-order initial value problems is impressive. Other advantage of the algorithm is that high accurate approximate solutions are achieved by using a greater number of terms of the Legendre polynomial and once the operational matrix is obtained, it can be used to solve differential equations of higher order by introducing just a little manipulation on the operational matrix. Some existing sample problems from literature were solved and the results were compared to show the validity, simplicity and applicability of the proposed method. The results obtained validate the simplicity and applicability of the method and it also reveals that the method perform better than most existing methods.

Evaluating the use of smartphones for processing computational tasks: "A case study for the annotation of prokaryotic genomes"

Currently, there is a growing dependence on smartphones in the daily lives of thousands of people, noting that the number of users continues to rise, surpassing the number of computers in use globally. In addition, the performance of smartphone hardware has become an essential factor when choosing these devices, along with price, brand and operating system. Constant innovations in smartphones have made these devices increasingly powerful, even rivaling the performance of many computers. The example of the Samsung S23 5G, which has features comparable to a low-performance notebook, illustrates the advancement of the hardware in these devices. Despite the growing demand for advanced hardware in smartphones, many users may not fully understand the technical specifications of the processors. The article proposes an evaluation of the use of this hardware in the execution of specific tasks, with a focus on the annotation of prokaryotic genomes. The methodology of the study involved selecting popular smartphones from Samsung and Motorola, choosing the Android operating system due to its efficiency in resource management, using the Prokka tool for genomic annotation due to its minimal resource requirements and using Termux, a terminal emulator that allows users to run a full Linux distribution on Android devices. To evaluate performance, the article uses the Linux 'time' command to measure execution time, memory consumption, CPU utilization and other relevant metrics

Zirconia Ceramics.

Zirconia ceramics have become popular among other dental ceramics thanks to their biological, mechanical, optical, and aesthetic properties. CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing) technology improvement has played a vital role in the increased popularity of zirconia ceramics; easy computer manipulation significantly expanded the possibility of using different types of restorations. Zirconia ceramics have a broad spectrum of indications in prosthetic dentistry, from simple restorations to complex structures supported by dental implants. A good orientation in the classification, features, and manipulation of zirconia ceramics is the main key to success.

Development of an information system of a medical institution

This article discusses the issues about Information technology (IT) is the research, design, development, implementation, maintenance or management of Computer Information Systems, in particular software applications and computer hardware. Information Technology Association. It deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software tools for the safe Conversion, Storage, Protection, processing, transmission and retrieval of information.

Object and Subject of Cri¬minal Offenses in the Field of Use of Electronic Computers, Systems and Computer Networks and Telecommunication Networks

The article deals with the object and subject matter of computer criminal offenses. The purpose of the article is to study the object and subject matter of computer criminal offenses, to analyze the current state of legal regulation of computer criminal offenses, and to provide suggestions and comments to the legislation.
 It is proved that due to the development of scientific and technological progress at the end of the twentieth century, a new type of social relations in the field of computer information circulation emerged in the State, which were subsequently taken under the protection of criminal law. The information security (cybersecurity) of the state has become one of the components of Ukraine's national security. Unlike other scholars, we believe that the direct object of computer criminal offenses is social relations to ensure the integrity and safety of computer information and the safe operation of information systems. The foundation of an information system is a set of information
 resources in the form of computer information, computer technologies and equipment, as well as related computer infrastructure, including telecommunication networks. Not all computer information requires criminal legal protection and, accordingly, can be the subject of computer criminal offenses, so the legislator should amend the dispositions of Articles XVI of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and replace the term "information” with "information protected by law”. It seems that by limiting the ways of influencing computer information in the law, the legislator has provided opportunities to avoid criminal liability to persons who otherwise cause damage to the owners of computer information.
 The complexity of protecting legal relations in the field of computer information lies not only in the evolution of technologies for its registration and transfer, but also in the evolution of legal relations themselves and the ways of influencing them. The backwardness of the articles of Section XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the problems of qualification of acts under these articles which arise in modern judicial practice cannot be solved by changing the dispositions of these corpus delicti only.

From science to art forms: exploring design, creativity and innovation through chaos physicalization

ABSTRACT Our work explores the blend of science, art, and technology in chaos physicalization, translating complex mathematical models into tangible designs. It is closely aligned with research on data physicalization, drawing from design creativity and innovation models. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative tools, we bridge theory and practice, fostering a culture of creativity. Industry 4.0 technologies and education enhance practicality and inspiration, blurring boundaries between art, science, and technology. Our methodology follows a comprehensive six-step process: Selection of the Chaotic Model, Computational Manipulation of forms to be physicalized, Material Choice, Manufacturing, Post-Processing, and Quality Control. This systematic approach has successfully resulted in an exhibition, showcasing tangible objects that serve as representations of various chaotic systems. Demonstrated through this art museum exhibition, we prove that chaos generates artistic and scientific novelty, transforming data into a source of creativity and design innovation. Furthermore, our project emphasizes the significance of cross-disciplinary synergy, demonstrating how the physicalization of chaos can act as a catalyst for new educational and professional perspectives, opening avenues for future collaborations among artists, scientists, and technologists.

Using end-to-end learning and PyAutoGUI to apply gesture recognition for human-computer interaction

Contact-less human-machine interaction is becoming increasingly important due to the growing number of special environmental needs and accessibility situations. Gesture recognition has also been a hot topic in computer vision and machine learning in recent years. In this paper, a real-time computer manipulation system based on hand gesture recognition is studied and deployed. A relatively mature end-to-end target recognition model, the YOLOv5 model, is trained in this paper to achieve real-time detection and recognition of hand gestures. According to the result of the recognition, it is translated into the corresponding operation on the computer according to a set of rules, and then PyAutoGUI is used to actually control the computer. At the end of the research, the trained YOLOv5 model exhibited excellent performance and verified the feasibility and scalability of the solution. This is a good inspiration for developing a more convenient and efficient related software.

THE REALITY OF E-EDUCATION UNDER THE NEW REFORMS AT ALGERIAN UNIVERSITY

Technological advances have led to the emergence of modern methods and methods ofeducation; Among them, the use of electronic computers, peripheral displays, satellite channels and electronic libraries, with the aim of providing learning throughout the day, using different methodsto provide educational content with visual and static elements, audio and visual effects, increasingtime and effort, which is now known as e-learning. Most universities in the world are movingtowards using this type of education, recognizing the enormous benefits that both economic anduniversity level bring.

Persuasive Technology and computational manipulation: hypernudging out of mental self-determination.

Artificial Intelligence, unperceived, can acquire the user's data, find connections not visible by a human being, profile the users, and aim at persuading them, resulting in Persuasive Technology (PT). During the persuasive process, PT can use manipulation, finding and using routes to affect System 1, the primordial brain of individuals, in the absence of their awareness, undermining their decision-making processes. Multiple international and European bodies recognized that AI systems could use manipulation at an unprecedented degree via second-generation dark patterns such as the hypernudge and that computational manipulation constitutes a risk for autonomy and different, overlapping, fundamental rights such as privacy, informational self-determination and freedom of thought. However, there is a lack of shared ideas regarding which fundamental rights are violated by computational manipulation and which fundamental rights can protect individuals against it. The right to be let alone and the right to hold and express a thought differ from the right to create a thought, being in control of the decision-making process and free from cognitive interferences operated by computational manipulation. Therefore, this paper argues in favor of recognizing a newly emerged fundamental right, the right to mental self-determination, tailored to the unprecedented abilities of AI-driven manipulative technologies.

Research on multi-dimensional optimisation design of user interface under Rhino/GH platform

Abstract With the rapid development of computer science and technology, there is an increasing diversity observed in the use of electronic computers. Users browse interactive content such as text, images, audio, video, etc. The increase of the interactive interface results in a slow interface response and affects the user experience. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the user interface under the multi-dimensional optimisation of the Rhino/GH platform, and introduces the long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit algorithms in the visualisation part for optimisation; the study results suggest that the overall response time is 50% but lower than the traditional interface, and the time fluctuation is within 23.7%, which is 23.6% but lower than the traditional 47.3%. When interacting with multiple interfaces, the interaction interface optimised by the Rhino/GH platform maintains a fluctuation range within 29.2%, and the time increases by 13 ms, showing excellent stability and efficiency.

The Economic Aspect of the Image of Well-Being of the Kursk Region: Comparative Analysis of Statistical Indicators of the Chernozem Regions

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the uneven level of economic development among the regions of the Chernozem region. The need for a comparative analysis of economic factors of well-being is associated with determining the best indicators among the regions, and identifying the Kursk region's place in this rating.The purpose of the article is the economic characteristics of the well-being of the Chernozem regions and their comparative analysis.Objectives: to consider the theoretical aspects of the formation of the image of well-being; to consider the system of economic indicators that make up the image of well-being; to provide statistical data for the Kursk region, as well as for other regions of the Chernozem region (Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod regions); to conduct a comparative analysis of the obtained indicators for the regions of the Chernozem region.Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach within the framework of structural-functionalism using universal scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as the method of correlation analysis.Results. In the course of the study, criteria were identified, on the basis of which we derived economic parameters by which well-being was measured. Further, statistical data were collected according to the selected parameters, with which computational manipulations were carried out, in particular, the dynamics index was calculated. The data were analyzed and compared by region.Conclusions. Economic indicators, among which we used the levels of GRP, unemployment and employment, showed an ambiguous picture in which the Kursk region occupies a median position in a number of regions of the Black Earth region, having average indicators and growth rates of indicators. However, the unemployment rate of the Kursk region, considered in dynamics, allows us to judge higher rates of unemployment decline, which is good for the region, but does not give grounds to call the Kursk region more or less prosperous in comparison with the rest.

Implementasi Pembelajaran Dalam Jaringan (Daring) Menggunakan Aplikasi Ispring Suite 8 di Taman Kanak-Kanak

The weakness of the world of education in Indonesia is the problem of the learning process. In this process students are less motivated to develop thinking skills and skills. For early childhood children at a certain age are not given the opportunity to develop their abilities, both by teachers and parents, it seems that there are still many children who are shy, not independent and not confident.In its implementation, the online learning system during the Covid-19 pandemic encountered several obstacles, including not all students understood internet technology and the need for preparation from the school in such a way. One solution that can be taken by implementing online learning is to use the Ispring suite 8 application which is a tool for creating presentational learning media that can be used in the learning process which includes aspects of audio, visual, audio visual, and audio visual media. various types of evaluations have been carried out. Provided. The Ispring suite 8 application is an application that is run on a computer for use in making learning media either directly, through online learning or a combination of both. the results of this study indicate that the application of online learning using the ispring suite 8 application can increase the creativity of children aged 5-6 years.

Inquiring and learning with DGS Cui-Rods: a proposal for managing the complexity of how primary-school pupils’ mathematically structure odd even numbers

Inquiry approaches using coloured manipulatives are a fruitful field for the investigation of mathematical concepts, embedded in a re-conceptualized, research-based curriculum. Manipulatives are designed to mediate between a particular mathematical concept and the way pupils learn that concept. Many researchers highlight the advantages of computer manipulatives including DGS manipulatives for teaching and learning. Moreover, the effectiveness of the Cuisenaire–Gattegno approach in the teaching and learning of mathematics in primary schools has been the subject of many math-investigations, supporting positive outcomes. In terms of the present study, it is interesting to mention the introduction of DGS Cui-Rods that I created in the Geometer’s Sketchpad dynamic geometry environment. The main focus of the current study is a fundamental pattern structure of our number system: odd and even numbers. The study will propose a multiple representation approach to aid pupils understanding odd and even numbers. The proposed DGS material can be displayed, inquired and managed through properly set-up tasks, using linking representations. Finally, it is important to continue teaching concepts through activities, tasks and problems that involve children in the inquiring and learning process; it is the best route for them to how to develop, interpret, and make sense of mathematical concepts.

Introduction of a Computational Chemistry Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) into an Advanced Organic Chemistry Lab: An Investigation of Propellane Formation

The introduction of basic computational chemistry concepts is becoming an integral part of any complete undergraduate curriculum in chemistry. The advanced organic chemistry course affords laboratory time in which some focused study of computational chemistry is possible. Although learning how to carry out basic computational manipulations is important, interest in computational chemistry can be instilled by carrying out a research-like experience. We incorporated a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) into our advanced organic chemistry lab course in which students, as a group, studied the spontaneous formation of strained propellane compounds from the corresponding anionic bridgehead bromide precursor compounds. Completing the calculations and data analysis as a class simulated a true research project, and led to the discovery of results from which interesting conclusions were drawn. Student feedback was generally very positive and suggested that this project gave them a strong sense for how computational chemistry research is conducted.

Traditional Anthropometrics versus Computerized Photograph Manipulation in Rhinoplasty Planning.

Rhinoplasty planning requires meticulous forethought and is a source of challenge to surgeons. Traditional anthropometric analyses aim to use measurements and ideal ratios to determine the appropriate changes in nasal measurements such as length and tip projection. More recently, computerized photograph manipulation has been adopted as a means to demonstrate to patients the planned changes in a rhinoplasty and improve communication and patient confidence. It remains undetermined if the changes recommended using traditional anthropometric rhinoplasty planning are similar to those done by an experienced rhinoplasty surgeon manipulating preoperative photographs to an aesthetic ideal. Preoperative photographs obtained for clinical use were analyzed from 97 consecutive patients seen in clinic for rhinoplasty or septorhinoplasty by the senior author (R.H.G.). Facial and nasal anthropometric measurements were performed on the preoperative photographs. The analysis prescribed by Byrd and Hobar was used to then calculate their prescribed "ideal" nasal anthropometrics. Separately, these patients had their preoperative photographs manipulated using computer manipulation software by the senior author, with an eye toward creating an aesthetically pleasing nose. Nasal anthropometrics were measured from the manipulated photographs. The changes prescribed in traditional anthropometrics were compared to those obtained from computer manipulation using univariate analyses. The mean patient age was 35.4 years, and the population was 68% female. Average nasal proportions from the computer manipulation were a nasal length 76.1% of the midfacial height, tip projection of 57.7% of nasal length, and radix projection of 24.3% of nasal length. Computerized manipulation minimally changed nasal length relative to Byrd's analysis which decreased nasal length on average (100.3% of the original nasal length versus 88.2%, p<0.01). It prescribed a greater decrease in tip projection than Byrd's analysis (97.7% of original projection versus 99.9% of original projection, p=0.05). Computer manipulation also prescribed a lesser increase in radix projection than Byrd's analysis (100.5% of original radix projection versus 109.3% of original radix projection, p<0.01). Byrd's analysis remains an excellent tool for guiding the changes in nasal dimensions in rhinoplasty. However, computerized manipulation may help patients and surgeons communicate a common goal. Their desired nasal dimensions may differ from those traditionally prescribed. Specifically, some patients may seek lesser decreases in nasal length or lesser increases in radix projection than Byrd's analysis prescribes. Further research in this topic is warranted, and ultimately the surgeon's judgment and patient goals should drive surgical planning. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors - www.springer.com/00266 .

NOVOWrap: An automated solution for plastid genome assembly and structure standardization.

Plastid genomes play an important role in genomics and evolutionary biology. Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized plastid genomic data acquisition to the point that genome assembly has become a bottleneck for widespread utilization of plastid genome data. To solve this problem, we developed an open-source, cross-platform tool known as, NOVOWrap, which includes both command-line and graphical interfaces for automatically assembling plastid genomes on personal computers. With minimal inputs, settings, and user intervention, NOVOWrap can automatically assemble plastid genomes, validate results and standardize the structure using affordable computer resources. The performance of this software has been successfully benchmarked against the plastid genomes of 11 species belonging to lycopods, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. By liberating researchers from laborious and cumbersome computer manipulations and create reliable and standardized genomic data, NOVOWrap is expected to accelerate plastid genome assembly, ease the process of data exchange, and contribute to downstream analysis.

Wordsmith Tools as an Enabler for Text Analysis

The process of intellectualization has been characterized as a planned process of accelerating the growth and development of South Africa’s indigenous languages to enhance their effective interface with modern developments, theories and concepts (Finlayson &amp; Madiba, 2002). Corpora are used to develop empirical knowledge about language. A corpus is a collection of naturally occurring texts derived from real life language use in either written or spoken form (cf. Sinclair, 1991). These texts are then processed, stored and accessed by means of computers for use in developing electronic resources of a language. It is thus an important resource in the development of isiZulu Human Language Technologies. Thus, specialized corpora were created for this study and were used as the basis to enquire into the sensitive use of isiZulu with reference to language phenomenon isiHlonipho. Corpus linguistics provides a more objective view of language than introspection, intuition and anecdotes. This study profited from the use of the WordSmith Tools version 6 software program suite, which allowed the researcher to use different programs simultaneously to analyse data.

Деякі аспекти криміналістичної характеристики кіберзлочинів

The article analyzes the dynamics of crimes in the use of computers, systems, computer networks and telecommunications networks for 2019-2020, and focuses on the high “adaptive” ability of this criminal segment as well as the need to improve existing and create new effective mechanisms to combat relevant criminal acts. One of the conditions for the existence of such mechanisms is the presence of thorough forensic characteristics of this group of crimes, which allows identifying and understanding the training, commission and concealment of the group of illegal acts. The research describes the main approaches to determining the mandatory and optional features of the crime in the use of computers, systems and computer networks. The article also provides a brief forensic description of cybercrime in accordance with the generally accepted system, which contains the following elements: the identity of the offender, methods of preparation for the crime; the victim, the subject of the offense; the circumstances of the crime, the consequences of any changes caused by the crime in the physical material damage reflected in the material situation of the crime. To determine the scope of the investigated illegal actions, a list is given to be solved by specialists of the Cyber Police Department of the National Police of Ukraine. Additionally, the main methods of hacking websites are described, including: SQL injection, Cross-site scripting, Phishing, Shared hosting, Cross-Site Scripting, Cross-Site Request, ForgeryCookie Faking, Man-In-The-Middle , Clickjacking, Brute-Force, Zero Day, Backdoor. An approximate list of tasks that may be assigned to forensic experts in the case of their participation in the investigation of crimes in the use of electronic computers, systems and computer networks. Key words: cybercrime, cyber crime actions, crime statistics, computer crimes.