Computer-based Expert System Research Articles

Diagnosa Penyakit Kelamin (Vulvodynia) pada Wanita Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor

Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition affecting the vulva that significantly impacts women’s quality of life. Accurate and early diagnosis poses a challenge due to the often-overlapping symptoms with other conditions and the lack of definitive diagnostic tests. This paper proposes the use of expert system methods as a diagnostic tool for vulvodynia in women. The expert system, integrating medical knowledge with inference algorithms, is designed to analyze symptoms, medical history, and test results to provide accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations. The study involves the development and evaluation of a computer-based expert system prototype that uses clinical data and medical decision-making to enhance the accuracy of vulvodynia diagnosis. Preliminary results indicate that the expert system can improve diagnostic rates and reduce the time required for identifying this condition, offering a potentially valuable tool for medical professionals in clinical practice.

Penerapan Metode Forward Chaining Dan Dempster-Shafer Pada Sistem Pakar Deteksi Dini Gangguan Kesehatan Mental

Penerapan Metode Forward Chaining Dan Dempster-Shafer Pada Sistem Pakar Deteksi Dini Gangguan Kesehatan Mental

Penegakan Diagnosa Keperawatan pada Pasien Gastroesofagus Reflux Disease dengan Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Forward Chaining

This study aimed to see the use of a computer-based expert system with the forward channeling method for detecting Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and its application in nursing. The research method used in writing this literature review is based on 25 pieces of literature from 2018-2022. This expert system is run with PHP and MYSQL programs. The results of this study are that the Forward Chaining Expert System program will detect gastroesophageal reflux disease based on the symptoms inputted into the system and display an intervention plan that can be carried out like an expert. Still, this system cannot yet display 100% appropriate disease diagnosis because it requires a series of other tests that have not been prepared. In conclusion, with this expert system technology, health workers and users are increasingly assisted and shorten the time needed for disease diagnosis and treatment.
 
 Keywords: Expert System, Forward Chaining, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

An Innovative System to Enhance Situational Awareness in Disaster Response

Abstract A collaborative decision support system has been developed to enhance situation awareness in case of complex disasters. It includes three modules: (1) UAV carrying multiple sensors; (2) Computer-based expert system (CES); (3) 2D-plume dispersion model. This research focuses on how contemporary technology, combined with commercial off-the-shelf-technology, can be used to fuse information and speed up decision-making. The system provides a context based common operational picture for first responders on scene, and incident commanders in control rooms. The research was conducted in close collaboration with different first response teams, to develop an end user oriented system. We present the design process the regulatory requirements, and the end user needs that will help future developers of such systems. We also highlight some of the areas where further research effort is required. The core system has been evaluated by local police and fire departments, and an EU review team including medical and firefighting practitioners.

An ergonomic expert system for risk assessment of work-related musculo-skeletal disorders

A computer-based expert system (SONEX) was developed to identify ergonomic risks for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in a wide variety of jobs and provide expert prevention advice. SONEX uses a rule base and 6 knowledge base modules: WRMSD risk factors are grouped into two main knowledge base modules (symptoms, engaged body part) with four supplementary knowledge base modules (work environment, work chair, work tools, organization factors). SONEX uses a menu-based interface and a series of simple questions that lead a user through each of the two main modules. Based on user responses it then recommends other knowledge base modules that are relevant for a detailed analysis of work risks. The SONEX rule base has over 140 questions, the knowledge base includes over 200 risk factors, and around 500 possible answers can be generated. SONEX relates ergonomic shortcomings in the job with worker's subjective symptoms; it predicts possible WRMSDs; and it offers preventive suggestions for ergonomic improvements to the job to prevent WRMSDs. It has been tested in a variety of work places with known ergonomic problems and with known employee WRMSDs by comparing its performance with conventional analytical methods and results show that it accurately predicts possible WRMSD risks and identifies ergonomic shortcomings. The advantages of SONEX are that it is much faster than other ergonomic analysis methods and it can be used by ergonomists and other professionals and also by workers themselves.

Utilizing Information Technology to Mitigate the Handoff Risks Caused by Resident Work Hour Restrictions

Resident duty hours have been restricted to 80 per week, a limitation thought to increase patient safety by allowing adequate sleep. Yet decreasing work hours increases the number of patient exchanges (so-called "handoff") at the end of shifts. WHERE ARE WE NOW?: A greater frequency of handoff leads to an increased risk of physician error. Information technology can be used to minimize that risk. WHERE DO WE NEED TO GO?: A computer-based expert system can alleviate the problems of data omissions and data overload and minimize asynchrony and asymmetry. A smart system can further prompt departing physicians for information that improves their understanding of the patient's condition. Likewise, such a system can take full advantage of multimedia; generate a study record for self-improvement; and strengthen the interaction between specialists jointly managing patients. HOW DO WE GET THERE?: There are impediments to implementation, notably requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; medical-legal ramifications, and computer programming costs. Nonetheless, the use of smart systems, not to supplant physicians' rational facilities but to supplement them, promises to mitigate the risks of frequent patient handoff and advance patient care. Thus, a concerted effort to promote such smart systems on the part of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (the source of the duty hour restrictions) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (representing medical schools and teaching hospitals) may be effective. We propose that these organizations host a contest for the best smart handoff systems and vigorously promote the winners.

A computerized expert system for handling the output of the Technicon H1 haematology analyser.

A computer-based expert system is described which handles the output of the Technicon H1 in the haematology laboratory of a large teaching hospital. Using patient request data, analyser results, error and morphology flags, the expert system decides; whether to validate the main indices plus differential; whether a blood film is required for manual review; and which abnormal results require phoning to the requesting doctor. The results of this computer-assisted analysis are sent to a printer adjacent to the analyser. The print-out details any further action required of the operator before release of results to the main hospital computer, and serves as a log of all samples run on that analyser. Benefits of the expert system include greatly simplified interpretation of the large array of analyser flags, and consistency in sample handling for all operators over all shifts.

IDEA system--a new computer-based expert system for incorporation monitoring

Recently, at the Karlsruhe Research Centre, a computer-based expert system, Internal Dose Equivalent Assessment System (IDEA System), has been developed for assisting dosimetrists in applying the relevant recommendations and guidelines for internal dosimetry. The expert system gives guidance to the user with respect to: (a) planning of monitoring, (b) performing routine and special monitoring, and (c) evaluation of primary monitoring results. The evaluation is done according to the IDEA System guidelines (Doerfel, H. et al., General guidelines for the estimation of committed effective dose from incorporation monitoring data. Research Report FZKA 7243, Research Center Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe (2006). ISSN 0947-8260.) in a three-stage procedure according to the expected level of exposure. At the first level the evaluation is performed with default or site-specific parameter values, at the second level case-specific parameter values are applied and at the third level a special evaluation is performed with individual adjustment of model parameter values. With these well-defined procedures the expert system follows the aim, in which all recommendations and guidelines are applied properly and the results in terms of committed effective and organ doses are close to the best estimate.

Examination of print and telephone channels for physical activity promotion: Rationale, design, and baseline data from Project STRIDE

BackgroundProject STRIDE is a 4-year randomized controlled trial comparing two computer-based expert system guided intervention delivery channels (phone vs. print) for physical activity adoption and short-term maintenance among previously sedentary adults. MethodsSedentary adults (n=239) were randomized to one of the following (1) telephone-based, individualized motivationally-tailored feedback; (2) print-based, individualized motivationally-tailored feedback; (3) contact-control delayed treatment group (received intervention after 12 months as control). This paper: (1) outlines the study design, rationale, and participant sample; and (2) describes relationships between baseline variables to better understand their influence on the efficacy of the intervention. ResultsParticipants averaged 19.8±25.0 min of physical activity/week that was at least of moderate intensity, with no group differences. The average estimated VO2 at 85% of maximum heart rate was 25.6 ml/kg/min. Body fat was 34.1% for women and 23.2% for men and the BMI of the sample averaged 28.5 kg/m2. ConclusionsProject STRIDE examines non face-to-face approaches for promoting physical activity behavior. It has unique features including a direct comparison of an expert system guided intervention delivered via phone or print. Future analyses will examine the cost-effectiveness of the interventions and this will likely yield important information for policy-makers.

Intelligent Inferencing and Haptic Simulation for Chinese Acupuncture Learning and Training

This paper presents an intelligent virtual environment for Chinese acupuncture learning and training using state-of-the-art virtual reality technology. It is the first step toward developing a comprehensive virtual human model for studying Chinese medicine. Students can learn and practice acupuncture in the proposed 3-D interactive virtual environment that supports a force feedback interface for needle insertion. Thus, students not only "see" but also "touch" the virtual patient. With high performance computers, highly informative and flexible visualization of acupuncture points of various related meridian and collateral can be highlighted to guide the students during training. A computer-based expert system using our newly proposed intelligent fuzzy petri net is designed and implemented to train the students to treat different diseases using acupuncture. Such an intelligent virtual reality system can provide an interesting and effective learning environment for Chinese acupuncture.

An expert system for risk assessment of automobile crashes

There is an ongoing concern to make Alabama roadways a safer place to travel. The purpose of this research is to help in this effort. Identification of critical accident characteristics based on previous accident data helps to identify areas where safety efforts should be directed. Early recognition of critical crash characteristics represents the most efficient way to reduce the occurrence of traffic-related accidents. However, a major obstacle to the assessment of risk is the inability to provide necessary information concerning accident analysis. The objective of this research was to develop a computer-based expert system for risk assessment of automobile accidents. The Expert System for Risk Assessment of Automobile Crashes (ExRAAC) assesses accident characteristics based on inputs by the user. The system emulates the thought process of an expert, in the field of transportation engineering, in assessing the result of such an automobile accident. This expertise is represented in the knowledge base of the system using If–Then rules. The expert system asks the user questions regarding the characteristics of the accident, and based on the answers, assesses whether the accident will result in a 'fatality', 'injury' or 'no injury no fatality'. It also gives the probability of the occurrence of such an accident. The critical characteristics of the accident can then be further analysed to discover areas where safety efforts should be directed in order to prevent such a crash.

An expert system for risk-evaluation of endovascular stent-prosthesis placement

We developed a computer-based expert system to guide novice general surgeons in their assessment of patients for endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The purpose of this study is to validate a stent-prosthesis expert system for use in patient selection for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Construction of PC-based expert system for cold forging process design

Cold forging process design is a field where the theory has not been established until present, and it depends on skilled designers with long time experience and intuition. Consequently, it is difficult for designers with shallow experience to cope, since process design needs time and cost. Thus, computer-based expert system for cold forging process design targeted to beginners has been developed in this study.In this system, a case base is used as the knowledge base and the fuzzy pattern matching is used as a reasoning theory. Due to the case base, composed of geometric data, been designed by the human expert, it has uncertain factors such as the subjectivity of the human experts. Therefore, the fuzzy pattern matching can be applied to generate appropriate design results from little and uncertain knowledge included in the case base.

Gebruik van ’n ekspertstelsel vir die identifikasie van Lithops

It is often very difficult for non-botanists to distinguish between and identify closely related plants. This article provides an overview of the use of a computer-based expert system for this purpose, specifically applied to Lithops - a group of succulents that presents numerous interspecific resemblances as well as intra-specific differences.

Phase Analysis of Clays Using an Expert System and Calculation Programs for X-Ray Diffraction by Two- and Three-Component Mixed-Layer Minerals

AbstractX-ray phase analysis of clays is difficult because these materials generally consist of a mixture of different phases, i.e., mixed-layer minerals, individual clay minerals (non mixed-layer), and associated minerals, such as calcite and quartz. The analysis requires knowledge that presently is incorporated in a computer-based expert system. This expert system is capable of a) identification of associated minerals; b) identification of individual clay minerals; c) identification of the nature of the mixed-layer minerals; d) approximate structural characterization of the mixed-layer minerals; and e) precise structural determination of the mixed-layer minerals by comparison of experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns with calculated patterns for different models. Accuracy of the conclusions drawn by the expert system has been verified with literature data. Programs for the structural characterization of mixed-layer minerals must allow a) modification of the structural characteristics, abundances, and order-disorder distribution of the layers; b) modification of the distribution of the sizes of coherent scattering domains; and c) consideration of mixed-layer clays with more than two components. Two programs were written to calculate the XRD patterns of two- and three-component mixed-layer minerals consisting of any layer type and without any limitation in the order-disorder relationships.

Testing and validation of an expert system for making liming decisions

Computer-based technologies are becoming increasingly important in translating the wealth of agricultural research information into forms that can be used by extension workers. The Acidity Decision Support System (ADSS) is a computer-based expert system that diagnoses and corrects Al-toxicity problems on highly-weathered mineral soils. The objectives of this work were to use published data to evaluate and provide recommendations to improve the ADSS knowledge base. The relative yield-Al saturation curves used by ADSS satisfactorily predict the results of field experiments for maize and soybean, but needs to be improved for rice and cassava. Curves used by ADSS for all four crops should, however, be updated to represent the research data better. Insufficient data were obtained to evaluate other crops satisfactorily. ADSS predicted that more lime would be needed to reduce soil Al saturation than was actually needed. This can be corrected by changing the value of the liming factor (LF) constant in ADSS to better represent the capability of liming materials to neutralize soil Al in the field. ADSS also predicted more response of rice and soybean to lime in on-farm experiments than occurred in practice, although there was a correlation between predicted and actual relative yield for soybean. ADSS should indicate the chances that the predicted relative yield response will not occur because of factors other than liming, under normal farming conditions. The Smyth and Cravo equation provides a reasonable estimate, in lieu of alternatives, of the change in soil Al saturation for up to five years after liming.

A computer-based expert system designs and analyzes a 2 ( k− p) fractional factorial design for the formulation optimization of novel multicomponent liposomes

A computer-based technique based on a 2 ( k− p) fractional factorial design was applied for the optimization of recently described multicomponent protective liposomal formulations. These formulations contain sodium ascorbate (vitamin C) as a model drug sensitive to photochemical oxidation, as well as oil red O and/or oxybenzone as oil soluble light absorbers, incorporated into the lipid bilayers and sulisobenzone as a water soluble light absorber incorporated into the aqueous phase of liposomes. The three light absorbers (present or absent) incorporated in multilamellar liposomes and the drug in free or in complexed with α-cyclodextrin form comprised the four factors of the system. The stabilization ratio and the percentage entrapment in the liposomes of the vitamin were the two response variables of the system to be optimized. The entrapment values were calculated for all the materials either spectrophotometrically or by using second order derivative spectrophotometry. The response variables were predicted by multiple regression equations comprising combinations of the four formulation factors. Both the higher entrapment and the higher protection for the drug should characterize the optimum formulation.

The use of an enteral expert system in the prescription of enteral formulas in a university hospital

A personal computer-based expert system has been developed for the prescription of enteral formulas based on patient-need characteristics. Two hundred twelve inpatients in a university hospital setting were prospectively evelauted to compare the identity and cost of the enteral formula prescribed by the expert system with the identity and cost of the enteral formula prescribed by the ward team. Two hundred seven patients had complete data to allow analysis. There was a mean cost savings (±SD) of $1.18 ± 7.69/d for each patient using the expert system compared with the MD-prescribed formula ( P = 0.023). We project that the use of this program would save $27,564/y in our hospital (an average of 23,360 patient/ days of enteral feeding per year). We conclude that the use of an expert system can be cost-effective in the prescription of enteral formulas for hospitalized patients.

Neurootological differential therapy for vertigo patients.

Major neurootological complaints, which mostly need drug treatment, are: giddiness, dizziness, hearing loss and tinnitus. The neurootological differential diagnosis is the basis for planning the mostly supportive treatment of vertigo patients. In planning the therapy, we are utilizing a computerbased expert system Clamedex for establishing the neurootological diagnosis through history, ORL inspection, ENG, calorics, rotatory chair test, cranio-corpo-graphy (CCG), optokinetics, psychophysical audiometry, acoustic brainstem and late evoked potentials, visually evoked potentials etc. On this knowledge base we are designing an individually adapted case oriented drug therapy.Nausea and vomitus are the important subjective complications of dysequilibrium states. Therefore antivertiginous and antiemetic therapies have to be applied if necessary. Usually the duration is of limited time.Other drugs being chosen for a supportive pharmaco therapy according to the functional topodiagnostics of the lesions usually possess one or more of the following actions upon the equilibrium regulating network:increase of cerebral blood flow,enhanced penetration through the blood brain barrier,increase of neuronal metabolism andstabilization of specific neurotransmitters.The neurootological patients are treated and monitored by regular neurootometric follow up investigations.

REPCAT: Desktop expert system for interpreting and validating laboratory data for pheochromocytoma diagnosis with the database application Omnis 7™

To aid in the validation and interpretive reporting of results from multianalyte diagnostic testing for pheochromocytoma (PHEO), we have developed a desktop personal computer-based laboratory expert system (REPCAT). REPCAT utilizes a commercial database application to run procedures that assess analytical and clinical data relating to patient urine or plasma samples. REPCAT was used to evaluate the raw data from >4000 24-h urine samples submitted to our laboratory for testing for the presence of PHEO. REPCAT performed equivalently to an expert pathologist in assessing the presence and class of PHEO (epinephrine, norepinephrine, or mixed secretor). No false negatives were generated and it assigned a correct interpretation (on the basis of subsequent clinical and biochemical investigation) for each of the primary diagnostic samples from these patients.