Computer-assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Research Articles

Experiences of treating people with persisting symptoms after COVID-19: a focus group study

Abstract Background A proportion of people who had COVID-19 infection continue to suffer with persistent symptoms. The long-term effects of COVID-19 are recognised as heterogeneous and complex, challenging health services. This study aims to explore the experiences of healthcare professionals dealing with patients suffering from persisting symptoms following COVID-19 infection and their views on the healthcare services response. Methods We held 4 focus groups (n = 19) with healthcare professionals by video-call. Healthcare professionals were recruited using a snowball strategy, taking level of care, healthcare area, and nature of function as diversification criteria. Participants were invited to tell their experiences regarding the following topics: experiences and challenges in providing care to patients with persisting symptoms following COVID-19 infection; usual care pathways; models of care. Data were recorded, transcribed, and anonymized. The qualitative data were submitted to thematic analysis following an inductive approach. A computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (MaxQDA) was used. Results Based on thematic analysis, 4 core themes emerged: uncertainty; new condition, usual challenges; variable standards implementation; personalized and multilevel care. This new condition challenged health services and health professionals to keep adjusting and updating responses in a context of uncertainty, but at the same time revealed the usual challenges and needs for providing timely and integrated care. Health services burden challenges the implementation of care standards. This heterogeneous condition demands a multi-level response, including general information and advice, enabling self-management, and providing rehabilitation. Conclusions Healthcare professionals envision an heterogenous condition, bringing uncertainty to healthcare services. More research, training, and information to the population is required for an appropriate response. Key messages • Persisting symptoms following COVID-19 challenged an already overwhelmed health system, bringing barriers to healthcare standards implementation. • The heterogeneous nature of the condition and the healthcare services burden may leave some people to chance, demanding a diverse set of care.

Halal Purchasing Strategies of MSEs in the Malaysian Food Industry: An Exploratory Study on the Potential Use of CAQDAS in the Qualitative Evaluation of Multiple Case Studies

This paper explores the potential of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), specifically Nvivo 14, in facilitating the qualitative evaluation of multiple case studies. The focus is on halal purchasing strategies within micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the food industry, a critical issue from a Shariah perspective that ensures halal integrity from source to consumer. The issue highlights that MSE leaders in Malaysia’s food industry failed to optimize halal purchasing in their management practices, which undermines their ability to increase probability. The objective is to explore the strategies for optimizing halal purchasing performance of MSEs in Malaysia’s food industry, on how these businesses navigate the requirements of halal compliance in their operational practices. Through an exploratory study, 10 MSEs were examined to investigate their halal purchasing structures, involving interviews with key stakeholders such as brand owners, company directors, halal executives, and CEOs. In-depth, semi-structured interviews provided insights into company structures, challenges, and halal purchasing strategies. Thematic analysis was employed, using an inductive pattern coding approach where codes emerged organically from the data and were categorized into themes and sub-themes. Findings revealed a variety of business types, with six individually owned companies and four family-run businesses, highlighting differences in employee numbers, business longevity, and owner demographics. The study also suggests a trend of generational succession in family-owned businesses. This research demonstrates the utility of CAQDAS in managing and analyzing complex qualitative data in case study research.

Understanding tourists’ ambassador role of their origin places from perspective of residents’ attitudes towards tourists

Recognizing the pivotal role of tourists as ambassadors for their hometown is imperative, as it relates to the dynamic host-guest relationship, thereby significantly influencing the sustainable tourism progress in both their originating locations and the visited destinations. To delve deeper into this ambassadorial role, this study employed the tripartite model of resident attitude, which bridges the intricate interplay between residents’ cognitive, affective, and conative attitudes towards tourists. 204 U.S. people have been enrolled through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to finish semi-structured questionnaire about their attitudes towards Chinese outbound tourists. Leximancer, a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis approach was applied. Results demonstrated that neutral or positive cognitive-attitudes U.S. residents held towards Chinese tourists exceeded negative cognitive attitudes. Further analysis inferred that it was the interpretation or attribution of cognitive attitudes that would induce residents’ different emotional feelings and behavioral intention. Positive interpretation would lead to positive feeling (i.e., admiration) and positive intention to visit China. Negative interpretation would lead to negative feeling (i.e., contempt) and negative intention to visit China. This research provided implications for destination management organization of tourists’ origin place to incorporate outbound tourists as their place ambassadors.

Facilitators and barriers of midwife-led model of care at public health institutions of dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia, 2022: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe midwife-led model of care is woman-centered and based on the premise that pregnancy and childbirth are normal life events, and the midwife plays a fundamental role in coordinating care for women and linking with other health care professionals as required. Worldwide, this model of care has made a great contribution to the reduction of maternal and child mortality. For example, the global under-5 mortality rate fell from 42 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2015 to 39 in 2018. The neonatal mortality rate fell from 31 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000 to 18 deaths per 1,000 in 2018. Even if this model of care has a pivotal role in the reduction of maternal and newborn mortality, in recent years it has faced many challenges.ObjectiveTo explore facilitators and barriers to a midwife-led model of care at a public health institution in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, in 2021.Methodology: A qualitative approach was conducted at Dire Dawa public health institution from March 1–April 30, 2022. Data was collected using a semi-structured, in-depth interview tool guide, focused group discussions, and key informant interviews. A convenience sampling method was implemented to select study participants, and the data were analyzed thematically using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti7. The thematic analysis with an inductive approach goes through six steps: familiarization, coding, generating themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and writing up.ResultTwo major themes were driven from facilitators of the midwife-led model of care (professional pride and good team spirit), and seven major themes were driven from barriers to the midwife-led model of care (lack of professional development, shortage of resources, unfair risk or hazard payment, limited organizational power of midwives, feeling of demoralization absence of recognition from superiors, lack of work-related security).ConclusionThe midwifery-led model of care is facing considerable challenges, both pertaining to the management of the healthcare service locally and nationally. A multidisciplinary and collaborative effort is needed to solve those challenges.

Transformative value, communities and service designs for sustainability

PurposeThe purpose of this transformative service research (TSR) is to apply, innovate on and extend the understanding of service-dominant logic (SDL) perspectives, sustainable service ecosystem design ideas, transformative value and meeting sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study explores these through volunteers’ lived experiences and their perceived health and well-being outcomes in the context of botanic gardens as health-care service settings.Design/methodology/approachA total of 3 UK botanic gardens and 84 volunteers between 22 and 87 years of age participated in this qualitative study. Volunteering stories were collected through emails, telephone exchanges, online and in-person interviews, free-flowing discussion and field observations. These were coded and analysed by using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software, NVivo 14 Plus and Leximancer. Thematic analysis facilitated the mapping of well-being outcomes highlighting transformative value against existing health and well-being indices.FindingsInsights extend knowledge into SDL, TSR and transformative value experienced by volunteers across three UK botanic garden service ecosystems. Environmental, organisational and personal factors, and physical, mental and social health outcomes are presented to emphasise transformative value experienced, especially in retiree volunteers. Theoretical contribution is in the form of empirical evidence to support and extend insights about transformative value and more so, significant epistemological change and meeting SDGs in botanic gardens. Results add to contemporary TSR on health-care-related well-being outcomes and ideas regarding sustainable service ecosystem design.Research limitations/implicationsIt is recommended that service research be extended across other botanic gardens, as well as other novel underexplored contexts for comparative studies of transformative value. Continued development and consideration of service designs as ongoing efforts to redefine and reimagine services marketing innovation for botanic gardens are recommended. Botanic gardens are complex service ecosystems worthy of rigorous service research to capture and measure the impact and outcome of ongoing work of the sector in advancing SDGs and having a transformative effect on individual and societal health and well-being.Practical implicationsThis study highlights opportunities for greater area-based, coordinated, collaborative, multi-stakeholder services marketing partnerships for strategic sustainable service ecosystem design for the botanic gardens and health-care sectors. These sectors can make better use of service research and marketing to further innovate and co-develop health and well-being strategies, campaigns and opportunities to develop services to transform and influence positive health and well-being outcomes for people. Results reveal greater opportunities for collaborative partnership and services marketing’s role and practice for the ongoing vitality and viability of botanic gardens. Joint efforts would enable innovation on sustainable service ecosystem design, advancing SDGs and improving life on planet Earth.Social implicationsTransformative value linked to newfound life experiences and meaning to life after retiring with a range of factors, and health and well-being outcomes were prominent. Social connections to the wider community were present, revealing links to a range of people who may not have traditionally had contact with botanic garden heritage and their strategic efforts. Therefore, it is services marketing opportunities for botanic gardens that hold one key to greater transformative value, sustainability and greater influence and impact on individual and societal health and well-being.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first TSR on botanic gardens as health-care service settings, resulting in a conceptual framework on transformative value and well-being outcomes in meeting SDGs. It extends insights on SDL, sustainable service ecosystem design and roles of marketing for the common good. Botanic gardens are unique research institutes, highly acclaimed for research, conservation, education and displays of special botanical collections, as well as providing health care, among other impactful SDG opportunities. This can be made more explicit through ecosystemic thinking, service research and integrated services marketing of botanic garden’ roles and contributions worldwide.

“It is something you live with, like an organ in your body” a qualitative study on the lived experiences of people suffering from chronic low back pain in Lebanon

Purpose This paper aims to understand the distinctive biopsychosocial aspects and patient perspectives on chronic low back pain in Lebanon, an Arab country with a unique and rich cultural heritage. Method Qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 12 Lebanese patients purposefully sampled from various governorates. The interviews included participants from different geographic areas and religions. The data underwent analysis through an inductive thematic approach guided by a bounded relativist ontology, a subjectivist epistemology, and a descriptive phenomenological framework. The coding process was managed by computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (QSR NVivo version 12.0). Results The researchers identified and constructed two themes: (1) Chronic low back pain: understanding the impact, coping strategies, and communication patterns in lived experiences within the Lebanese context. This theme sheds light on the complexities of pain management and societal influences in Lebanon. (2) Explanatory model of patients living with chronic low back pain in Lebanon. This theme allowed an exploration of the multifaceted narratives of chronic low back pain. Conclusion This study found that Lebanese individuals attribute chronic low back pain to biomedical factors despite some recognizing psychosocial elements. It emphasizes the need to educate patients on the biopsychosocial model, facilitate better care, and dispel misconceptions.

Symposium 1: Tracing analytic assemblages – doing doctoral research with actor-network theory

The practices of doctoral education are intricately entangled with technologies. This methodological paper examines the practical concerns involved in doing the analytic work in a networked learning setting with Actor-Network theory (ANT). It is a story about engaging with ANT as a companion in an ethnographic research project on teaching practices in Sweden during the Covid-19 pandemic. The empirical examples are pulled from online interviews in the pandemic outbreak and two ways of assembling the analytic practices of those interviews. On the premises that method and technology are non-neutral, the focus is on how the interviews are analysed and the modes of knowing that they form. For example, the paper examines how computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software acts on the analyses of the interviews and the knowledge patterns made possible and what signals are silenced. A second analytic assemblage is deployed that traces those signals. Based on the empirical examples of doing analyses, the paper discusses how analytic assemblages change and move research and the researcher in unpredictive and performative ways that troubles the expectations of a singularised doctoral journey.

The reception of post-Soviet Russian fiction through the peritexts of Finnish translations

ABSTRACT This article is based on research addressing the reception of post-Soviet Russian fiction in the twenty-first century (2000–2023) through Finnish translations and the notions of Russia and Russian literature mediated through them. The investigation of translated fiction draws on imagology, i.e. the study of images and cross-national perceptions in literary representations. Focusing on the peritexts, a subcategory of paratexts coined by Genette (1987/1997), the article investigates book cover texts and publishers’ descriptions of the translated works to find out how the translations are received and introduced to readers of the target culture. The translations comprise 101 books, first translated during 2000–2023. The peritexts were retrieved directly from the printed books or using the search service Finna.fi and publisher websites. The analysis was conducted with help of a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis tool, designed to support inductive, data-driven qualitative analysis. As a result of the analysis, three thematic groups emerging from the peritexts were identified: 1) the portrayal of the (Soviet) Russian past and post-Soviet society as grim, insane and tragic, 2) the emphasis on realism and truthfulness of the image of Russia conveyed by the translations, and 3) praise of the authors’ literary skills.

Living with type 1 diabetes and schooling among young people in Ghana: a truism of health selection, inadequate support, or artefactual explanation of educational inequalities?

IntroductionType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is mostly diagnosed among young people. Despite the evidence that T1DM is disruptive, and affects individuals’ health and cognitive ability, there is dearth of knowledge on the impact of T1DM on schooling in LMICs including Ghana. In this research, we explored the impact of T1DM on the schooling of young people living with the disease, and discussed the results within health selection, social support, and artefactual perspectives of inequality.MethodsData were extracted from a qualitative project on T1DM lived experiences in southern Ghana. The study participants were young persons living with T1DM (n = 28) and their caregivers (n = 12). They were purposively recruited to participate in the study using maximum variation and snowball sampling techniques and interviewed in their support group centres, homes, or healthcare facilities using semi-structured interview guides. A computer-assisted qualitative data analysis was performed using QSR NVivo 14 software, and the results were categorised into themes.ResultsThree themes were identified from the transcripts. These themes were school and classroom attendance, choice of school, and school/academic performance. T1DM was a major reason for patients’ limited contact hours with teachers, school drop-out, preference for day schools rather than boarding, opting for vocational training instead of continuation of formal education, limited concentration at school, and delayed educational progression.ConclusionT1DM impacted the schooling of young people living with the disease. The mechanisms of these impacts, and young peoples lived experiences are not artefactual, but rather support discourses on health selection and inadequate social support for young people living with the disease. The results call for the need to develop educational and social interventions to address these barriers. The full implementation of the Inclusive Education Policy (IEP) may contribute to reducing educational and social inequalities caused by ill-health.

AI Applications for Fiqh Rulings in Islamic Banks – Shariah Committee Acceptance

Purpose ‒ The objective of this paper is to study the acceptance of applications of AI in the fiqh ruling process of Islamic banking, among Shariah committees (SC) members of Islamic banks Design/Methodology/Approach ‒ This is a qualitative study using focus group interviews with ten SC members from different Islamic banks. Following the interviews, a thematic analysis of the transcribed data was conducted using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS). Findings ‒ The participants were generally receptive towards the utilization of AI tools in the fiqh ruling process at Islamic banks. The participants recognize the potential of AI smart assistants for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the fiqh ruling process. However, they raised some concerns and expectations that need to be addressed. Originality/Value ‒ The novelty of this research comes from sourcing first-hand perspectives of SC members of Islamic banks in Malaysia. Being the end users of AI systems for the fiqh ruling of Islamic banking, it is important to understand their perceptions, concerns, and expectations Research Limitations/Implications ‒ The size of focus group was limited to ten participants to optimize group size and composition in order to allow adequate participation by each group member. Further sampling from more SC members may elicit additional findings Practical Implications ‒ The first-hand views from the target users provides valuable input for initiatives developing AI systems for the fiqh ruling process of Islamic banking

An Analysis of Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Moroccan Secondary School Quality

Quality becomes an integral part of a school when the staff’s thinking and vision align with the school’s culture as a global organization. Stakeholders such as school directors, administrators, educational inspectors, and guidance counsellors play a significant role in ensuring quality integration through effective managerial practices in schools. The research study follows a generally inductive qualitative method. The analysis used semi-structured interviews with stakeholders to explore their perceptions of quality in secondary schools. The 24 interviews were conducted, and their responses were transcribed into text, classified, sorted, and coded in the first stage. This was done with two researchers and experts in consultation. In the second stage, we utilized computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software. As a result, the sub-themes from the research have been grouped into 36 major themes in two phases. We identified perceived categories and themes that mainly revolved around the leadership of school heads and their participative management. This research contributes to an analytical discussion of school administrators’ and directors’ perceptions of quality. A set of generic and innovative multidimensional key performance indicators for school quality is finally proposed.

Optimising textual analysis in higher education studies through computer assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) with ATLAS.ti

The main objective of this article is to highlight the importance of training in digital tools at the university level to foster the development of innovative and efficient data analysis from a scientific perspective. In an increasingly digitised world, the acquisition of digital skills has become a fundamental requirement for success in various disciplines, especially in conducting academic studies and research. The implementation of Computer-Aided Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS) software, such as the ATLAS.ti platform, for text analysis not only enriches the educational experience but also prepares students to excel in an ever-evolving digital environment and raise the quality of their research. We present here a practical example of textual analysis in ATLAS.ti that can serve as a reference guide for similar studies based on content analysis of interviews. Various qualitative and quantitative data analysis options and techniques are explored that allow researchers to identify patterns, trends and relationships in the texts analysed, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the topics under study by transcending traditional methods of text analysis.

School Strategies on Improving Students’ Physical Activity Engagement During COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Thematic Review

Study purpose. Physical inactivity among school students was an existing health issue over the past decade. This became more alarming when the world was hit by the COVID–19 pandemic. Movement restriction that results temporary school closure significantly affect students’ physical activity participation. Therefore, strategies and practices to improve active play engagement as well as to counteract its negative health-related effects on students were widely implemented by teachers and administrators in school upon its re-opening. Numerous articles have been published on the effectiveness of school-based interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is still a lack of a review paper that deals with the identification of patterns and trends about school practices in this area. Hence, this paper intends to generate impressions and identify concepts within the published articles during 2021 to 2023. Materials and methods. Selected articles for this study were collected from the following databases: SCOPUS, Sage, ProQuest, Academic Search complete, Science Direct. Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis (ATLAS ti. 23) guided the comprehensiveness of this review. Study findings were generated and presented through quantitative and qualitative lenses. Results. Four central themes were identified: 1) Alternative Physical Education – modifying traditional physical education subject; 2) Physical literacy focus – approach anchored to multi-dimensional foundation in physical activity engagement 3) Web-based intervention – virtual and cyberspace approach and 4) Needs–based intervention – focusing on integration of participants’ attributes and specifically designed program. Conclusions. The structure of strategies conducted by schools were greatly affected by the current community health status. Findings of this study will serve as a reference for designing future intervention approach to address the sedentary lifestyles of young populations associated to specific community health and other related issues.

Why do patients want medication free treatment for psychosis? An explorative study on reasons for applying to medication free programs

BackgroundA focus on patient’s and service user’s perspectives regarding long-term antipsychotic treatment led to a declaration from the Norwegian Ministry of Health in 2015 to offer treatment without psychotropic medication in mental health as a voluntary option in all four health care regions. In the northernmost region, a 6-bed inpatient ward unit was established, uniquely designed to give people with severe mental illness the possibility to choose such treatment. Only voluntary admissions were accepted. The aim of the present study was to explore the motivation for applying for medication free treatment among patients with several years of treatment history due to psychosis.MethodWe performed nineteen semi-structured, in-depth interviews with persons having at least one admission at the medication free treatment ward during the period 01.01.17 – 17.10.2021. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (NVivo). Systematic Text Condensation was applied, with analysis of data from the first interview. Exploration of connections, similarities and nuances was performed through axial coding with continuous comparison of data and memo writing, followed by focused coding identifying core concepts.ResultsAll participants had a diagnosis of severe mental illness and a history of use of antipsychotics throughout many years. The motivation to apply for medication free treatment was complex. Negative experiences with medication were described, but also positive. Many had tried to taper off before, but described this as a lonely and difficult process. Five core concepts were formed and developed from the participants’ narratives: 1) Medication experiences, 2) Developing illness, 3) Treatment in general, 4) Social life and 4) Growing up.ConclusionThe concept of medication free treatment represents a salutogenetic hope for change, closely linked to self-efficacy and an experience of mastery. Potential conflicts concerning guidelines or evidence on medication does not come forward as important. Support from family and professionals is crucial, in contrast to the feeling of being alone when hoping for change. Motivational factors are closely linked to the concept of recovery, where interaction happens on both an individual and a structural level.

Gadget use and physical activity among children: Involvement Process Theory

Sedentary behaviour is a global concern over the past decade and still an alarming issue at present. Among the concerns of being sedentary was gadget use among children as well as physical activity involvement. Several researches explore the factors link to inactive lifestyle. However, theory generation particularly on gadget use and physical activity involvement process among children were limited. Thus, this paper aims to build theory on gadget use and physical activity involvement among children. This study explores children experiences on too much gadget use and physical activity involvement through qualitative approach using grounded theory lens. Participants of the study were 11 to 13 years old school student and selected parents from Philippines. Data were gathered through face-to-face semi – structured in depth interview. Computer assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) was implemented in this study. Specifically, ATLAS ti. 22 software was used in data management and analysis which was guided by constructivist grounded theory by Charmaz. Theory was generated in this study after coding process i.e. initial coding, focused coding and theory building. Rigorous analysis of data in this study generated a theory and presented in form of process. The children’s involvement process theory to gadget use and physical activity was explained in the following phases; being influence, being happy, accepting the situation, giving conditional task, physical activity: being last on the list. The findings indicate the reason why children spend too much time on gadget as they interpret it as happy place and less time for physical activity as they consider it as last in engagement priority. Results of this paper contribute understanding on how middle school students interpret their experiences regarding excessive gadget use and physical inactivity. Awareness on how children view gadget use and physical activity involvement provides parents, health experts and other related professionals a basis for creating a plan or strategy to promote a balance gadget use and physical activity involvement for children.

Characterization of food insecurity among the forced migrants in northern Nigeria

Food insecurity affects many people worldwide. More than one billion people in Sub-Saharan Africa are food insecure. About 35% of this population, representing 346 million, are food insecure because of conflicts and political unrest. About 1.6 million people forced to migrate from northern to Central Nigeria in 2018 alone are food insecure. Food insecurity reduces people’s choice, power, and opportunity to access and control their food practices. Forced migrants have difficult circumstances, including physical restrictions on food access, and cultural and financial means during the migration. However, there is little knowledge of how the forced migrants engaged and managed their food practices throughout their migration period, making the form of food insecurity they experienced poorly understood. This calls for an investigation to increase food security for forced migrants. This article draws on the investigation from an in-depth Narrative interview involving 25 people who had experienced forced migration in northern Nigeria to address this gap. Unstructured interviews were, used for data collection to allow a wide range of responses. Their responses were audio recorded and subsequently transcribed and written in English. The contextual data that resulted from transcriptions of the audio data were subjected to computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) and the data was analyzed. The study's objectives are to find out the forms of food security/insecurity experienced by the forced migrants, their experiences, and the nature of the migration. The finding revealed that violent conflicts caused by terrorists, Fulani herders, religious bigots, and communal disagreement caused forced migration in the region and resulted in short-term, intermittent, and long-term food insecurity. Short-term food insecurity was more devastating for the migrants than intermittent and long-term food insecurity.

ESG themes of the restaurant industry: a comparison between full-service and limited-service restaurants

ABSTRACT Considering the increasing significance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) in the corporate world, an exploration of ESG reporting in the hospitality context has received limited attention. Accordingly, based on the stakeholder and institutional theories, this study proposes to reveal the overall and contemporary status of the restaurant industry’s ESG practices and further compare the ESG engagements of full-service restaurants and limited-service restaurants. This study collects data from publicly traded restaurant companies’ ESG reports and employs automated content analysis based on a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis approach. The findings of this study provide value to the ESG literature and practical implications

Challenges of Clinical Education: From the Perspective of Clinical Instructors and Clinical Staffs at Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, Qualitative Study.

To explore the challenges of clinical education from the perspective of clinical instructors and clinical staff at Dire Dawa University College of Health Science. An institutional-based phenomenological qualitative study was conducted. Clinical instructors and staff provided data through in-depth interviews and key informant discussions, which were facilitated by a semistructured tool and a voice recorder. A total of 17 participants, including 11 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with clinical instructors (including two key informants) and six IDIs with clinical staff were included in this study. A purposive sampling method was used to select study participants, and the data were analyzed thematically using the computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti7. The thematic analysis with an inductive approach involves six steps: familiarization, coding, generating themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and writing. Clinical instructors and clinical staff noted a number of challenges in clinical education, including insufficient medical equipment, low incentives, clinical site repetition, unfavorable clinical practice sites, lack of communication from instructors, skill attrition, lack of orientation for instructors and students, client/patient unwelcomingness, uncooperative healthcare workers, and poor university cooperation. The aforementioned issues contributed to the quality of clinical education and its desired impact, as outlined in this research. A multidisciplinary and collaborative effort is needed to address these challenges.

No one listens to us, we know this, so we participated: Qualitative evidence from menstruation research during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We created a survey to assess menstrual side effects after COVID-19 vaccination when we noticed news stories that denied or discounted the experiences of tens of thousands of menstruating and formerly menstruating people who reported experiencing bleeding changes. This survey had an unprecedented response hundreds of times higher than we had anticipated (n = 101,824). We investigated what motivated our sample to participate without remuneration to understand both general motivations for survey participation as well as why this survey captured the interest of so many. We used open-ended responses from our online, mixed-method survey collected from April to October 2021. Using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis tools in R, we conducted a thematic analysis on open-ended responses. We used topic modeling to cluster the data, synthesize responses across 22,737 participants, and inform the themes summarizing the responses to "What is your interest in this project?" We compared and contrasted responses across groups (racial identity, ethnicity, gender) to examine whether the themes were representative across the demographic groups in our study. The themes that characterized participants' interest in participating were vaccine effects and women's/people's health, personal experience related to the vaccine, and a love for science and data. We compared responses among demographic subgroups to avoid an overfocus on majority group responses and found the themes were reflected across each group. Lastly, we found our themes reflected multiple types of altruism. These results were important in showing how emergent research that focuses on the concerns of potential participants can encourage high response rates from both marginalized and majority communities. Inclusive practices and familiarity with the research team built credibility that engendered trust with the public.

The dynamics of social, cultural, human, and economic capital in food insecurity among the forced migrants

Food insecurity signifies limited access, expertise, and capacity to affordable safe food. Food insecurity creates different experiences in the daily lives of people worldwide. Food insecurity is common among forced migrants due to changes in cultural norms, space, politics, and economies. While it is readily apparent that forced migration is associated with food insecurity, the details of how the changes in their social, cultural, human, and financial capital affect their food security are not well understood. This matters for finding ways to address food insecurity for those who are, forced to migrate to help improve their food across the migration trajectory. The objectives of the study are to find out how social capital improves the migrant's sources of livelihood and ensures their food security before the violent crisis. Find out how they lost the capital and the implications for food security. Find out the efforts made by forced migrants during and after migrations to ensure food security. This article draws on twenty-five (25) in-depth narrative interviews with people who had experienced conflict-induced migration in Nigeria to address this gap. Their responses were audio recorded and subsequently transcribed and written in English. The contextual data was, subjected to computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), and the data analyzed. Analysis of this data provides critical insight for explaining and addressing the dynamic relationship between social, cultural, human, and economic capital and food insecurity experienced by forced migrants. It revealed that social, cultural, human, and economic (financial) capitals are significant factors shaping the participant’s livelihood sources before and after the crisis.