Computer-aided Statistical Analysis Research Articles

Analysis of Coronary Artery Lesion Degree and Related Risk Factors in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Based on Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Coronary Angiography.

A combination of various risk factors results in the development of coronary heart disease. The earlier that one identifies and deals with reversible risk factors for coronary heart disease, the greater the chance of recovery. The main goal of this research is to learn whether risk variables are associated with greater extent of coronary artery disease in people with coronary heart disease. This article selects 290 patients who had had coronary angiography in our hospital from September 2018 to March 2019 using a retrospective research and analytic methodology. Coronary angiography split the patients into two groups: those with coronary heart disease and those without. To determine the correlation between risk factors and a score related to heart disease, computer-aided statistical analysis of data about the differences in those risk factors was performed. The results were analyzed using the Spearman correlation and partial correlation, and the relationship between risk factors and Gensini score was analyzed by multiple linear regression. For the analysis, binary logistic regression was used to calculate the correlation between the risk factors of coronary heart disease and the probability of developing coronary heart disease. The findings concluded that increased age, smoking, elevated hs-CRP, HbA1c, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperuricemia are all contributors to coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is an independent risk factor for this condition. Many of the factors that play a role in the long-term development of the severity of coronary artery disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, elevated hs-CRP, decreased HDL-C, raised LDL-C, and TG, are commonly found in men. hs-CRP is the primary risk factor for the degree of coronary artery stenosis and could contribute to the progression of the condition by playing a major role in creating more stenosis.

Quantitative Examination of Liver Tissue Ultrasound Elastograms

Methods of computer-aided statistical analysis of ultrasound elastograms are presented. An approach consisting in initial segmentation of elastograms visualizing low-elasticity segments distribution in the tissue of an examined biological organ and in statistical analysis of this distribution is described. Satisfactory correlation between the values of some statistics and medical specialists’ description of human liver elastograms was observed. The ways of continuation of the works aimed at improvement of the elastograms-based diagnostic methods are suggested.

Mathematical simulation and computer-aided statistical analysis of biological systems

The paper is concerned with a mathematical model of a biological system. The cases of quasistationary state and transients are examined. The Laplace-transformed unknown parameters of the biological system are analyzed. A structural element associated with a quasistationary response of the biosystem to external disturbances is analyzed.

On the modeling, construction, and evaluation of a probabilistic atlas of brain perfusion

To detect subtle, abnormal perfusion patterns in brain single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) images, it is necessary to develop quantitative methods in which computer-aided statistical analysis takes advantage of information present in databases of normal subjects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and examine aspects of the creation and the modeling power of three statistical models for representing brain perfusion as observed in ECD-SPECT. The first model is a local model of voxel-by-voxel mean and variance. The second model is a PCA-based global model that accounts for covariance patterns in the images. The third model is an original model that is a non-linear extension to the second model. This model is based on robust statistics for modeling abnormalities. To evaluate the models, a leave-one-out procedure combined with simulations of abnormal perfusion patterns was adopted. Abnormal perfusion patterns were simulated at different locations in the brain, with different intensities and different sizes. The procedure yields receiver operator characteristics (ROC) that present a combined measure of model-fit and model-sensitivity at detecting abnormalities. The scheme can further be used to compare models as well as the influence of different preprocessing steps. In particular, the influence of different registration approaches is studied and analyzed. The results show that the original non-linear model always performed better than the other models. Finally, location-dependent detection performance was found. Most notably, a higher variation of perfusion was observed in the right frontal cortex than in the other locations studied.

Multi-cyclic influence on standard laboratory compaction of residual soils

Standard laboratory compaction tests (e.g., BS, AASHTO, WA) originally designed to simulate and control compaction in field earthworks have fallen short of achieving their stated objective. Several reasons have been advanced to explain this, but the most important, which is advanced here, is the multiple recycling or multi-cyclic compaction of soil samples (at least five times per test) involved in almost all these standard tests. This recycling has been observed from a previous study to fall within the zone of influence of multi-cyclic compaction. This paper, therefore, investigates the influence of multi-cyclic compaction on the maximum dry density ( MDD) and optimum moisture content ( OMC) of some deltaic lateritic soils (derived from deltaic sedimentary deposits) that are currently being used for the construction of many road embankments in the Port Harcourt area of eastern Nigeria. Samples of these soils were subjected to standard Proctor and break-up Proctor (similar procedure to standard Proctor but with a fresh batch of soil used for each point on the density-moisture curves) compaction tests. The standard tests were observed to underestimate the MDD values, albeit with a decreasing influence as the depth of sampling/extraction increased. This effect was minimised at a depth of around 5.0 m. In addition, differences in dry densities obtained from both methods were observed to maintain, fairly well, fourth-order polynomial relationships with the corresponding moisture contents through computer-aided statistical analysis. Also, this relationship was employed to present a model — in the form of a family of curves — from which the more reliable break-up densities could be predicted from the less tedious, and hence more popular, standard tests.

Language maintenance in the second generation

Abstract The article discusses the attitude of the second generation Dutch in Australia to language maintenance. It gives a profile of the group’s language maintenance activities, and examines factors related to language maintenance attitudes and the use of Dutch. The research involved detailed personal interviews with 100 members of the target group. Some of the information collected was evaluated quantitatively using computer-aided statistical analysis; other responses were analysed primarily in qualitative terms. The results revealed a more positive attitude to language maintenance and greater frequency of use of Dutch than might have been expected on the basis of the (limited) previous research on the second generation or the national census data. On the other hand, there was relatively little participation in activities with the potential to influence the use of Dutch: visits to the Netherlands, association with Dutch organizations, and attendance at Dutch classes. Overall the research provided no evidence of a continuing decline in frequency of use of Dutch to the point of a complete shift to English only. It was also clear that many informants valued their current use of Dutch.

Femoral neck fractures in the geriatric population: the influence of perioperative health upon the selection of surgical treatment.

The use of a primary prosthetic replacement such as an Austin-Moore hemi-arthroplasty in patients sustaining fractures of the femoral neck has been associated with increased post-operative medical morbidity and mortality. A retrospective review was performed using the medical records of patients greater than 59 years of age who sustained femoral neck fractures and were treated with either internal fixation or primary hemi-arthroplastic replacement at Loyola University Medical Center between 1969 and 1979. Peri-operative data were reviewed and evaluated using computer-aided statistical analysis. Comparing the two forms of surgical treatment, statistically significant factors associated with primary hemi-arthroplastic replacement included: pre-injury nursing home residence, pre-injury ambulation requiring assistance, age greater than 79 years, slight elevation in serum creatinine values, abnormal electrocardiograms in patients over 77 years of age, time from injury to surgery of four or more days, and the use of spinal anesthesia (P less than 0.05). Factors associated with internal fixation were: patient age of 79 years or less, independent ambulation, non-nursing home residence, normal lab values, normal EKGs, less than four days from injury to surgery, and the use of general anesthesia. Within the limits imposed by a retrospective review in this specific patient population, there appears to be a tendency for older, less healthy patients to have been treated with primary hemi-arthroplasty. Possibly the previously reported increased post-operative medical morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure, as compared with internal fixation, may be a result of biased patient selection, and not a fault of the procedure.

Accumulation of Amino Acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y185 with Phospholipids Enriched in Different Fatty-acyl Residues: a Statistical Analysis of Data

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y185, grown anaerobically in media containing ergosterol and palmitoleic, oleic or linoleic acids, synthesized phospholipids extensively enriched in the exogenously supplied fatty acid. A study was made of the effect of solute concentration on rates of accumulation of nine amino acids by organisms enriched in different fatty-acyl residues. Data were fitted using computer-aided statistical analysis to three equations to derive kinetic constants for accumulation. Analysis of data for two of the amino acids, namely l-threonine and l-histidine, showed different kinetics in organisms enriched in different fatty-acyl residues. Woolf-Hofstee plots for accumulation of l-threonine, as well as l-serine, showed abrupt changes in curvature at low concentrations with differently enriched organisms. Data for accumulation of both amino acids gave a significant fit to the model describing accumulation by one transport system without diffusion. Data for accumulation of l-histidine as well as l-aspartic acid best fitted a model describing accumulation by one transport system and diffusion. Values for K T and the diffusion constant, but not V max, differed only for accumulation of L-histidine in organisms with different fatty-acyl enrichments. A third model, describing accumulation by two separable transport systems, best fitted data for accumulation of l-glutamic acid and L-methionine. Data for accumulation of l-leucine, l-isoleucine and l-valine could not be fitted to any of the models. Woolf-Hofstee plots for accumulation of l-leucine and l-isoleucine by organisms enriched in oleyl or linoleyl residues were superimposable, although similar plots for accumulation of l-valine differed in shape.

Further analysis of the individual discharge characteristics predicting social dominance in the electric fish, Gymnotus carapo

The electric organ discharge (EOD) behaviour of Gymnotus carapo was analysed in isolated fish with no previous experimental experience. All animals were then allowed social interaction (4 hr total), and were finally retested in isolation. Each of the two individual testing sessions consisted of four trials per fish, during which frequency histograms of the EOD intervals were accumulated. The results showed that the histograms were invariably multi-modal, and the reasons for this were examined. They were then subjected to a computer-aided statistical analysis, and various features were shown to be related to the dominance status of the fish determined in the second part of the study. A subsequent experiment performed 6 months later demonstrated sequential frequency ‘shifts’ in resting isolated Gymnotus. These shifts are discussed in terms of the interval histogram results, and it is suggested that they represent a type of social advertisement. Finally, a hypothetical physiological mechanism is proposed to account for the observed EOD distributions.

Ben Jonson’s Social Attitudes: A Statistical Analysis

Ben Jonson’s Social Attitudes: A Statistical Analysis Judith K. Gardiner and Susanna S. Epp By organizing and displaying a large variety of patterns from a set of data, computers help us to see relationships which might otherwise elude us and to draw conclusions based on an entirety of information rather than subjective impressions. Up to now, much valuable computer work in the humanities has been lin­ guistic. In this study, we assay another approach toward com­ puter-aided study of literature, an approach currently more typi­ cal of the social sciences. This study seeks to use statistical analy­ sis to describe some characteristics of a certain literary world— the comedies and poems of Ben Jonson—and to infer from them Jonson’s attitudes toward people of varying social class and of both sexes. The relationships between these attitudes and the genres of works in which the characters appear are explored, as are the changes of these attitudes over time. Ben Jonson was a gentleman’s grandson and a bricklayer’s stepson who saw himself as a child of the Muses and an heir of the great Latin poets.1During the “War of the Theaters,” Jonson had one of his characters, a hack playwright representing Jon­ son’s enemies, explain that he slandered “Horace,” representing Jonson, only because “he keepes gallants company” and “better company (for the most part) then I.”2 Jonson enjoyed the patronage and sometimes even the friendship of aristocracy and royalty, yet he boasted of his independent attitude to the titled class. Drummond of Hawthomden recorded as one of “his Nar­ rations” that Jonson “never esteemed of a man for the name of a Lord.”3 Jonson has a significant reputation as a realistic social com­ mentator who developed contemporary dramatic satire or “city 68 Judith K. Gardiner & Susanna S. Epp 69 comedy” in Elizabethan London.4 L. C. Knights’ well-known study, Drama and Society in the Age of Jonson, documents that Jonson reflects his urban surroundings and posits that Jonson exhibits typically conservative, anti-acquisitive Jacobean atti­ tudes.5 Jonson’s poetry, too, is known for its social qualities, though in a different sense from his plays. It too mirrors a distinct social milieu.6 Much of Jonson’s non-dramatic poetry was writ­ ten for specific persons on specific occasions: for example, he wrote epitaphs for tombstones, verse thank-you letters, poems to be inscribed on gifts of silver plate, begging poems, and invec­ tives against personal enemies. The majority of his satiric poetry is vivid and specific, though directed against contemporary types, he claims, rather than against contemporary individuals. For these reasons, Jonson’s work has long been used as a major source for Renaissance social attitudes by literary historians, and Jonson’s social attitudes have attracted wide critical interest as a subject in themselves. I Goals and Methods. The starting point for our study was the belief that Jonson dissociated himself from the class of London citizens with whom he worked, and instead identified himself as a “gentleman.” Therefore, we believed that Jonson’s attitude to­ ward his characters would prove dependent on their social class and would be more favorable to the gentry than to the common­ ers. More generally, we wished to describe Jonson’s social atti­ tudes more clearly and precisely than had previously been done. For this purpose, we used a computer-aided statistical analysis. We coded 442 characters appearing in Jonson’s comedies and poems for their social status and sex. We classified Jonson’s atti­ tude toward the characters as “positive” or “negative,” and we also coded the characters on the basis of whether they appeared in a comedy or a poem, whether in an earlier or a later work. The computer was used to organize this mass of data— 442 characters classified for five characteristics—into coherent tables which could be studied both from a descriptive statistical point of view and, where appropriate, as sample data from which infer­ ences could be drawn. For purposes of inductive statistics we viewed these 442 characters as a sample of the theoretical set of all characters Jonson might have created. We drew conclusions, 70 Comparative Drama then...

Synthesis of chloroplast membrane polypeptides during synchronous growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The synthesis of the major chloroplast membrane polypeptides has been studied during synchronous growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Under these conditions, chlorophyll is synthesized during the latter part of the light period and cell division takes place during the dark period. The profile of the chloroplast membrane polypeptides of C. reinhardtii has been well characterized and shown to contain two major classes by size (Hoober, J. 1970. J. Biol. Chem.245:4327). Polypeptides of group I have a mol wt range of 50,000-55,000 daltons. The second region consists of at least three polypeptide groups, IIa, IIb, and IIc, having mol wt of 40,000, 31,000, and 27,000 daltons, respectively. The synthesis of these polypeptides has been measured using a double-labeling technique and a computer-aided statistical analysis. The rate of labeling of group I polypeptides is highest during the early light period and decreases after 6 h of growth. Group IIa is labeled from the beginning of the light period, but little synthesis of IIb occurs before 3 h, and significant amounts of label are not found in IIc before 5 h of growth. After approximately 8 h of light, groups IIb and IIc are synthesized at rates significantly greater than those of the other membrane polypeptides. The synthesis of the major polypeptide groups ceases in the dark. We conclude that the biosynthesis of the chloroplast membranes is a sequential or stepwise process.

The correlation method for computer-aided statistical analysis : G. Bracchi and M. Somalvico. IEEE Trans. Reliab.R-20, No. 3 (1971), p. 96

The correlation method for computer-aided statistical analysis : G. Bracchi and M. Somalvico. IEEE Trans. Reliab.R-20, No. 3 (1971), p. 96

The Correlation Method for Computer-Aided Statistical Analysis

Computer-aided statistical analysis of electronic circuits, designed to predict the effects of component-part variability on circuit performance, provides extremely useful assistance in performing a circuit design. The correlation method, a new computer-oriented technique of statistical analysis, provides precise estimates of performance variability, high speed of computation, and the computation of the distribution laws of circuit performance characteristics at a generic time instant. Thus, the quantitative characteristics of reliability can be predicted as functions of time.

An efficient procedure for the statistical transient analysis of switching circuits

The computer-aided statistical analysis of circuits is an indispensable tool for determining the effects of parameter tolerances on the circuit performance. However, the repeated analysis of the circuit for a statistically adequate number of random parameters, chosen according to their prescribed statistical probability densities, requires inordinate amounts of computer time and is therefore very expensive. This is especially true for non-linear circuits. An algorithm and the corresponding program are described in this paper, which greatly reduce the computer time needed for the statistical transient analysis of switching circuits. The program uses SCEPTRE as its main transient analysis routine. Several pre-SCEPTRE and post-SCEPTREA routines have been added to obtain the desired result.