Computer-aided Design And Drafting Research Articles

Impact of AutoCAD among Engineering and Architecture Students in Butuan City, Agusan Del Norte

Computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) technology, particularly AutoCAD, has transformed design and technical documentation by automating procedures that formerly required manual drafting. This study explores the impact of AutoCAD on engineering and architecture students at the Saint Joseph Institute of Technology in Butuan City, Agusan del Norte. The main objectives are to gather students' perspectives on the challenges and benefits of using AutoCAD, identify the number of students experiencing difficulties, and assess how AutoCAD helps prepare students for their future professions. Using a survey research design with a Google Form, data was collected from 30 participants, comprising 15 engineering and 15 architecture students. The questionnaire consisted of closed-ended questions addressing the impact of AutoCAD on learning outcomes, perceptions, and overall satisfaction with the program. The findings reveal that the majority (96%) of participants reported a positive impact from utilizing AutoCAD, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing technical skills, improving design understanding, and streamlining drafting and modeling processes. Moreover, AutoCAD facilitated accurate and detailed drawings, promoting better visualization and communication of ideas. Respondents expressed that AutoCAD integration into the curriculum provided valuable hands-on training and prepared them for the industry's demands. While most students found AutoCAD beneficial, a smaller proportion (70%) encountered difficulties with the software, particularly those who were less computer literate or lacked skilled faculty support. Nonetheless, the study emphasizes the importance of AutoCAD's role in developing design creativity among students in engineering and architecture programs. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the significant impact of AutoCAD on the engineering and architecture students of Saint Joseph Institute of Technology, Butuan City. The software enhances technical proficiency and fosters design creativity, contributing to a comprehensive and practical learning experience. The study's findings shed light on the importance of efficient faculty support and proper training to fully harness the potential of AutoCAD in education. As AutoCAD remains an indispensable tool in the modern design industry, its successful integration into the curriculum is essential for preparing students for their future professions.

IMPACT OF COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND DRAFTING ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE AND PERFORMANCE IN TECHNICAL DRAWING IN UNITY COLLEGES IN PORT HARCOURT

The study investigated the impact of Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) on students’ attitude and performance in Technical drawing in Unity Colleges in Port Harcourt using quasi-experimental and descriptive survey designs. Samples of eighty (80) Technical drawing students from the two unity colleges in Port Harcourt were drawn from a population of 228 students. Two research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Instruments used for data collection were Technical Drawing Achievement Test (TDAT) to determine students’ performance and Technical Drawing Structured Questionnaire (TDSQ) used to measure students’ attitude towards Computer-Aided Design and Drafting usage. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS (Mean and Standard Deviation to answer research questions, while ANCOVA and Independent t-test were used to test the hypotheses). The findings revealed among others; that CADD had significant impact on students’ performance in Technical drawing, and also positively influenced the attitude of the students. Recommendations include among others; that the Nigerian Educational Research & Development Council (NERDC) should design a curriculum that will enforced the incorporation of modern technology software such as the CADD in the teaching and learning process in Secondary Schools in every subject areas as this will help to promote the learning outcome and thus bringing about positive change towards students’ attitude in the different subject areas. KEYWORDS: Computer-aided Design, Drafting, Attitude, Technical Drawing, Performance

CFD Analysis of piston bowls geometry for CI direct injection engine using finite element analysis

Both NOx and soot emissions are major concerns in compression ignition (CI) engine with diesel fuel and the enhancement of variety of fuel and air can increase the performance of combustion engine. There are several methods to enhance the variety of air-fuel within the cylinder. Altering the geometry of piston bowl is one of the methods to improve the air-fuel mixture. This article proposes the effect of piston bowl geometry on the direct injection diesel engine performance and emissions, where various profiles of piston bowl referred as hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC), toroidal combustion chamber (TCC) and shallow depth combustion chamber (SCC) are designed using computer aided design and drafting (CADD) tool and ANSYS workbench is adopted for analysis. In addition, Karanja oil mixed with base fluid diesel at different volume fractions like0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% and are calculated for their combination properties. Further, theoretical calculations are considered to determine the properties of Nano fluids which are later used as inputs for the analysis. Finally, CFD analysis is employed on different geometries at different fluid volume fractions and thermal analysis is done for piston bowl geometries with different composite materials like carbon fiber and armide fiber.

Visualization of road geometries based on CADD design standards

This research introduces a software solution to enable roadway designers to visualize their roads with minimum manual work. Roads appear as lines and arcs in roadway design software. Their visualization with colors can help achieve better natural understanding of road geometries. However, road visualization is such a time-consuming process that it has not been conducted on the regular basis in the practice of roadway design. The software solution described in this article can automatically visualize roadway designs, based on Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) design standards.

Interoperability Issues for Underground Utilities

Interoperability issues arise when utility managers want to use both geographical information systems (GIS) and computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) for asset management. During summer 2003, the author evaluated the interoperability of CADD and GIS using a case study of the complex subsurface utility systems at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The evaluation included testing the CADD and GIS models and interviewing potential users and developers of the data. The evaluation concluded that the facility’s current approach to using spatial data should be modified with the result that the CADD and GIS are considered an integrated and interoperable system: The GIS supports the spatial analysis and the CADD supports the spatial model. Other issues include the choice of software, the accuracy of the spatial model, and various best management practices for spatial model development from legacy data.

Using engineering drawing interpretation for automatic detection of version information in CADD engineering drawing

Engineering drawings produced by computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) software are widely employed in the construction industry, as well as many other manufacturing sectors. It is very common for a drawing plan to undergo many revisions, thus, many different versions of the drawing are generated before the final product is achieved. Thus, a drawing management system needs to maintain the history of different versions of drawings, and version control becomes a key function for any drawing management system. In this paper, a knowledge-based version information extraction method is presented. The method analyzes the layout of the drawing frame and extracts the version information with the help of predefined key words. Then a comparison method between two versions of drawing is introduced. The comparison method highlights the differences between two versions of the drawings, so that engineers can locate and find the changes quickly.

Process Improvements in Precast Concrete Construction Using Top-Down Parametric 3-D Computer Modeling

Design professionals worldwide have applied the technology of computer-aided design and drafting (CAD) on a broad scale, primarily to increase the efficiency of manual design and drafting methods and to promote standards, rather than to improve the process itself. Even with improvements in the technology, however, errors in design and drafting remain common. Taking the 2-D CAD technology further, the application of three-dimensional integrated parametric modeling of precast buildings at the assembly and piece levels may enable producers to greatly reduce design errors, resulting in significant improvements in project quality, cost, and schedule. An examination of a number of case studies of precast/prestressed concrete projects has revealed that the common causes of construction problems are design, detailing, and drafting errors, a lack of coordination between different disciplines, and inadequate management of changes. An analysis of the cases presented in this paper indicates that the application of 3-D top-down modeling and automated production of shop drawings holds the potential to eliminate most of the sources of error.

Intelligent system for extraction of product data from CADD models

This paper reports a system for automatic extraction of geometric and non-geometric part information from ‘engineering drawings’ created using computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) tools. A heuristic search is employed to interpret the characteristic attributes of dimension sets that denote linear, diametrical, radial and angular dimensions. Textual callouts are processed using natural language processing (NLP) techniques to interpret information related to part/feature function and related processes. The part information so recognized is represented using object oriented paradigm (OOP) suitable for linking to the downline CAD/CAM activities of the product cycle. The system, thus provides an effective alternative for design automation using CADD models.

The polar phase response property of monopolar ECG voltages using a Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CAD)-based data acquisition system

The present paper discusses a Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CAD) based data acquisition and polar phase response study of the ECG. The scalar ECG does not show vector properties although such properties are embedded in it. In the present paper the polar phase response property of monopolar chest lead (V1 to V6) ECG voltages has been studied. A software tool has been used to evaluate the relative phase response of ECG voltages. The data acquisition of monopolar ECG records of chest leads V1 to V6 from the chart recorder has been done with the help of the AutoCAD application package. The spin harmonic constituents of ECG voltages are evaluated at each harmonic plane and the polar phase responses are studied at each plane. Some interesting results have been observed in some typical cases which are discussed in the paper.

An Analytical Visual Representation of Non-Rectangular Deep Space Structures

Architecturally speaking, space structures refer to the “deep” totality of the built space not only to its envelope. Designed architectural space is, so far, predominantly structured according to rectangular geometry. The premise of this paper is that a major reason for the popularity of rectangular space structuring is the limited capacity designers have had, until recently, to visualize the high complexity of non-rectangular space structures. The paper describes an experiment designed to compare emerging Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD), procedures with traditional procedures applied in an architectural design study using a non-rectangular polyhedral geometry. The findings of the experiment point out that computer-aided visualization can generate a more efficient and more convenient procedure to address, in practical design terms, non-rectangular deep space structures. However, the efficiency of such procedures is conditioned by a close collaboration between architects and computer scientists.

An AHP application to computer system selection

Computer application development is an area of explosive growth, providing dramatic new capabilities to do additional work faster and more accurately. In the construction industry, computer aided design and drafting (CADD) systems make it possible to more completely specify work to be done. Some project owners require drawings be submitted in magnetic form. Therefore, it is necessary for construction and engineering firms to acquire and develop expertise in state of the art computer systems. Because many system configurations are available, selection of CADD systems is an important decision, requiring consideration of a number of objectives. AHP is used to combine cost factors with subjective factors. AHP also is used to consider the impact on end users as a group and an central data processing.

Computer-aided design/drafting management within the united states air force logistics command civil engineering organization

The United States Air Force civil engineering organization is responsible for the design, construction, and maintenance of over $115 billion dollars worth of facilities at bases around the world. Many civil engineering functions and offices have procured or are in the process of procuring computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) technology to assist in accomplishing their assigned tasks. Specific areas where automation is anticipated as being most helpful include maintaining facility information, design and engineering, operations and maintenance, project management, master planning, and space planning and management. The actual achievement of these capabilities is less dependent on hardware or software and relies more on a comprehensive and achievable implementation and system management plan. The Air Force civil engineering implementation and management plan consists of four separate but related sections: the benefits/needs analysis; the application/action plan; the CADD standards manual; and the CADD user's guide.

An automated system for gamma radiation field mapping

Remote radiation survey equipment was sorely needed at Chernobyl but adequate systems did not exist. The current state of the art still consists of a survey meter mounted on a robotic carriage, which scans an area at many points on a grid. This process is both time consuming and somewhat inaccurate. The system we have developed will overcome these limitations, and would provide significant savings in man-hours and man-rem over manual survey techniques. The system we have developed consists of a collimated ionization chamber mounted in a scanning head. The measurement process is similar to that used in medical computed tomography (CT) imaging and consists of a series of collimator rotations and translations. The key to this work is the use of a collimator to provide position information with a position insensitive detector. In addition, an inverse filter image reconstruction technique has been used to reduce the distortion effects due to the scanner and scanning process in the resulting maps. This technique models the distortion as a linear, space invariant degrading function which is removed in a deconvolution process. We have constructed first- and second-generation prototype scanners, and developed software to produce three-dimensional radiation field “iso-dose” maps. The iso-dose maps will be superimposed on three-dimensional computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) drawings of the radiation area, aiding in the characterization of the source of radiation.

Corridor and Eis Studies Enter the CADD Age

Until recently, most major corridor studies and studies of environmental impact statements have been done using traditional manual methods. The major stumbling block to performing corridor and EIS studies cost‐effectively on computer‐aided design and drafting (CADD) has been that most of the base data was not available in a digital format compatible with most CADD systems. The only methods for inputting this base data were to either digitize or scan a large amount of data, each of which can be costly and time consuming. Now, however, a number of government agencies and private firms have been developing environmental and topographic data into a digital format resulting in cost effective data bases for corridor and EIS studies. As the technology and variety of data bases changes the way we think about our work, it will also change the way we organize resources to accomplish the work. This paper covers sources of digital environmental data, how the data can be used, basic procedures for performing corridor and EIS projects on CADD, and an example of how the Sverdrup Corporation is using CADD on planning projects.

The Impact of CAD on Consulting Engineering Firms: A Survey of CAD Users and Non-users

Firms in the Canadian consulting engineering industry were interviewed and surveyed to determine the impact of computer-aided design and drafting (CAD) technology on the management of their firms, to document the current usage of CAD in Canadian consulting engineering, and to identify differences between user and non-user firms. Although CAD usage is still in its infancy in this industry, the technology was found to decrease employment within the industry at lower organisational levels but not to increase the firm's financial risk. Differences between users and non-users were found in their attitudes towards CAD as a tool in providing better client service and in the justification of the CAD investment.

Comparison of discomfort experienced at CADD, word processing and traditional drafting workstations

The study reported herein compared the design of workstations used by computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) operators and two other occupational groups against reports of physical and visual discomforts. Evaluation procedures included subjective reports of discomfort and objective analyses of individual workstations. Results indicated that body discomfort varied among occupational groups and that particular types of discomfort could be linked to specific aspects of workstation design.

Evaluation of Discomfort Experienced while Operating Cadd Worksystems

The study reported herein compared the design of workstations used by Computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) operators and those used by each of two other occupational groups against reports of physical and visual discomforts. Evaluation Procedures included subjective reports of discomfort and objective analyses of individual workstations. Results indicated that body discomfort varied among occupational groups and that particular discomforts could be linked to specific aspects of workstation design.

CADD—A New Concept in Plantation Mapping

ABSTRACT Mapping with computers is relatively new to the forest industry and has enhanced the manipulation and analysis of geographic data, particularly the way in which it is presented to the end user. CADD (Computer Aided Design and Drafting) is an integrated mapping system which includes capabilities for map compilation, information management, data analysis, data revision as well as map design and production. One of the many exciting elements of the system is its ability to express contours of any feature or group of features in the third dimension. This class of mapping which regards the map as a live or dynamic document must be contrasted with the type of mapping done by manual methods where the map is dead or static the moment it is completed.