Compulsory Physical Examination Research Articles

Height as a risk factor in meningioma: a study of 2 million Israeli adolescents

BackgroundMeningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Potential risk factors include obesity, height, history of allergy/atopy, and autoimmune diseases, but findings are conflicting. This study sought to assess the role of the different risk factors in the development of meningioma in adolescents/young adults.MethodsThe cohort included 2,035,915 Jewish men and women who had undergone compulsory physical examination between 1967 and 2011, at age 16 to 19 years, prior to and independent of actual military enlistment. To determine the incidence of meningioma, the military database was matched with the Israel National Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios for meningioma according to sex, body mass index (BMI), height, and history of allergic or autoimmune disease.ResultsA total of 480 subjects (328 females) were diagnosed with meningioma during a follow-up of 40,304,078 person-years. Median age at diagnosis was 42.1 ± 9.4 years (range 17.4–62.6). On univariate analysis, female sex (p < 0.01) and height (p < 0.01) were associated with risk of meningioma. When the data were stratified by sex, height remained a significant factor only in men. Spline analysis of the male subjects showed that a height of 1.62 m was associated with a minimum disease risk and a height of 1.85+ meters, with a significant risk.ConclusionsThis large population study showed that sex and adolescent height in males (> 1.85 m) were associated with an increased risk of meningioma in adulthood.

P09.06 Risk factors associated with Meningioma in a Cohort of 2 Million Israeli Adolescents

Abstract Background: Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Risk factors including- obesity, height, history of allergy/atopy or autoimmune diseases, have been assessed with conflicting results. In this study, we reviewed the database of a large cohort of Israeli adolescents in order to assess potential risk factors for the development of meningiomas. Methods: This study analyzed a cohort of 2,035,915 Jewish men and women who underwent compulsory physical examination as part of screening for army drafting between the age of 16 to 19 from 1948 to 1991. Meningioma incidence was identified by linkage to the national cancer registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios for meningioma according the several risk factors including sex, BMI, height, history of allergic and autoimmune disease. Results: Linkage of the adolescent military database with the Israeli cancer registry revealed 480 cases of meningioma. The median age at diagnosis of meningioma was 42.1 ± 9.4 (range 17.4–62.6). On univariate analysis, only gender (female) and height were significantly associated with the risk of meningioma for the whole study population (p&lt;0.01 for both variables). When analyzed separately for gender- height was significant only for men. Spline analysis in the men group showed the minimum risk at a height of 1.62 meters and a statistically significant increase in the risk for meningioma at heights taller than 1.85 meters. BMI was not associated with an elevated risk of meningioma even when analyzed separately for gender. Past medical history including asthma, diabetes, and other atopic and autoimmune diseases were not found to be associated with the risk of meningioma. Conclusion: In this large population study, we found that sex and taller height in adolescent males was associated with an increased risk of meningioma.

Physical integrity and latest legislative changes in Albania

In 2016 Albania went through a major justice reform which provided legislative changes to the already existing institutions, established new ones and sought to improve the procedural guarantees of the accused in criminal trials. While the Albanian Code of Criminal Procedure prior to the changes did not provide for biological evidence or a medical intervention in the course of a criminal investigation, the new legislative changes introduced the concepts of biological evidence and the compulsory physical examination as part of tools in search of the evidence. Even though the draft amendments to the previous Albanian Code of Criminal procedure recognized the problems encountered in practice during the collection of biological evidence vis à vis individual’s rights to personal integrity and dignity, the application of newly introduced and enacted provisions remains still unclear and raises concerns, not only regarding the possible arbitrary use of such tools by law enforcement authorities, but also on the possible conflicts that can arise from the application of such procedures by medical examiners and physicians and the fundamental rights of the person under examination or undergoing the medical procedure/intervention.

Adolescent overweight and obesity and the risk for pancreatic cancer among men and women: a nationwide study of 1.79 million Israeli adolescents.

There is growing concern regarding the impact of adolescent obesity on adult health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) in late adolescence and the incidence of pancreatic cancer during adulthood. The authors analyzed a cohort of 1087,358 Israeli Jewish men and 707,212 Jewish women who underwent a compulsory physical examination between ages 16 and 19 years from 1967 to 2002. Pancreatic cancer incidence through December 31, 2012 was identified by linkage to the national cancer registry. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for pancreatic cancer according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI percentiles at baseline. Over a median 23 year follow-up, 551 incident cases of pancreatic cancer cases occurred (423 men; 128 women). Compared with normal weight (5th to-<85th percentile), obesity (≥95th percentile) was associated with an increased risk of cancer among both men (HR, 3.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.52-5.34) and women (HR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.78-9.29). Among men, compared with low-normal BMI (≥5th to <25th percentile), high-normal BMI (≥75th to <85th percentile) and overweight (85th to 95th percentile) also were associated with a higher risk for cancer(high-normal BMI: HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.05-2.13; overweight: HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.39-2.80). The estimated population-attributable fraction because of overweight and obesity was 10.9% (95% CI, 6.1%-15.6%). Men and women who were obese or overweight as adolescents are at an increased risk for subsequent pancreatic cancer.

Body mass index at adolescence and risk of noncardia gastric cancer in a cohort of 1.79 million men and women.

This study assessed adolescent predictors of noncardia gastric cancer (NCGC) with a focus on the body mass index (BMI) in late adolescence. This study analyzed a cohort of 1,087,358 Israeli Jewish males and 707,212 Israeli Jewish females who underwent a compulsory physical examination between the ages of 16 and 19 years from 1967 to 2002. By linkage to the national cancer registry, participants were followed for NCGC through December 31, 2012. With a median follow-up of 23 years, 515 NCGC cases occurred (379 men and 136 women), and the median age was 47.0 years (interquartile range, 39.3-53.4 years). Multivariate-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for NCGC according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BMI percentiles at the baseline (normal weight, 5th to <85th percentile; overweight, 85th to <95th percentile; and obesity, ≥95th percentile) as well as the country of birth, residential socioeconomic status (SES), and education. In comparison with normal weight, adolescent obesity, but not overweight, was associated in both men and women with the risk of subsequent NCGC (unadjusted HR, 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-3.06; adjusted HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.12-2.83). Immigration from the former Soviet Union (FSU), a low education level, and a low residential SES were also associated with the risk for NCGC with adjusted HRs of 2.67 (95% CI, 1.86-3.83), 1.85 (95% CI, 1.53-2.25), and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.13-1.93), respectively. The findings suggest that adolescent obesity, but not overweight, is associated with an increased risk for NCGC. Immigration from the FSU, a low residential SES, and a low education level are also significantly associated with the risk for NCGC. Cancer 2018;124:356-63. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

Self-rated health and semen quality among 3,457 young Danish men

To study the relationship between self-rated health (SRH) and semen quality. Cross-sectional study of men attending a compulsory physical examination to determine their fitness for military service from 1996 to 2005. Young men were approached when they were summoned for a compulsory physical examination to determine their fitness for military service in two major Danish cities. A total of 3,457 Danish young men delivered a semen sample, had a physical examination performed, and responded to a questionnaire including a question about SRH. None. Semen quality and testis size. After control for confounders, men with good and poor SRH had, respectively, 0.5 mL (95% CI: -0.8, -0.1) and 0.8 mL (95% CI: -2.4, 0.8) smaller testes size compared to men with very good SRH, the trend was statistically significant. Men with good and poor SRH had, respectively, 12.2% (95% CI: -21.2%, -2.2%) and 26.9% (95% CI: -55.7%, 20.8%) lower total sperm count compared to men with very good SRH, the trend was statistically significant, and had +0.4% (-1.4%, 2.2%) and 1.4% (-3.5%, 0.7%) fewer morphologically normal sperms (trend statistically significant). Percentages of motile spermatozoa and semen volume were not significantly associated with SRH. We found significant associations between SRH and semen quality and testicular size. Given the cross-sectional study design, we cannot establish a causal relationship but argue that SRH may be associated with semen quality. Our findings need to be validated and confirmed with other study designs (preferably prospective) and in populations of different age structure and fertility status.

Fertility Treatment and Reproductive Health of Male Offspring: A Study of 1,925 Young Men from the General Population

Little is known the about the reproductive health of offspring after fertility treatment. In 2001-2005, the authors approached young Danish men attending a compulsory physical examination to determine their fitness for military service. A total of 1,925 men volunteered, delivered a semen sample, had a physical examination performed and a blood sample drawn, and responded to a questionnaire. Their mothers were questioned about whether they had received fertility treatment in order to conceive their sons. Forty-seven mothers reported having received fertility treatment to conceive the index subject. After control for confounders, men whose mothers had received fertility treatment to conceive them had a 46% lower sperm concentration (95% confidence interval (CI): -63, -20) and a 45% lower total sperm count (95% CI: -64, -16). They had a smaller testis size (-0.9 ml, 95% CI: -2.2, 0.4), fewer motile sperm (-4.0%, 95% CI: -8.0, -0.1), and fewer morphologically normal spermatozoa (-2.0%, 95% CI: -4.1, 0.0). They also had a lower serum testosterone level and free androgen index (results not statistically significant). These findings should be viewed in light of the increasing use of fertility treatments. Although the cause of these findings is unknown, they raise concern about possible late effects of fertility treatment. Larger-scale studies of children born after fertility treatment should be performed.

Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormonesamong 1,558 Danish men

To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and semen quality among young men from the general population. Cross-sectional study. Danish young men were approached when they attended a compulsory physical examination to determine their fitness for military service. From 1996-1998, 1,558 (19%) young men (mean age 19 years) volunteered. Semen volume (in milliliters), sperm concentration (in million per milliliter), percentage of motile spermatozoa, percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology, total sperm count (in million), and testis size (in milliliters). In addition, serum reproductive hormones were measured. Serum T, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and inhibin B all decreased with increasing BMI, whereas free androgen index and E(2) increased with increasing BMI. Serum FSH was higher among slim men. After control for confounders, men with a BMI <20 kg/m(2) had a reduction in sperm concentration and total sperm count of 28.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.3%-47.9%) and 36.4% (95% CI 14.6%-58.3%), respectively, and men with a BMI >25 kg/m(2) had a reduction in sperm concentration and total sperm count of 21.6% (95% CI 4.0%-39.4%) and 23.9% (95% CI 4.7%-43.2%), respectively, compared to men with BMI between 20-25 kg/m(2). Percentages of normal spermatozoa were reduced, although not significantly, among men with high or low BMI. Semen volume and percentage of motile spermatozoa were not affected by BMI. High or low BMI was associated with reduced semen quality. It remains to be seen whether the increasing occurrence of obesity in the Western world may contribute to an epidemic of poor semen quality registered in some of the same countries. If so, some cases of subfertility may be preventable.

Rules of Court: Validity of Compulsory Physical Examination in Civil Actions

Rules of Court: Validity of Compulsory Physical Examination in Civil Actions

Compulsory Physical Examination of the Plaintiff in Actions for Personal Injuries

Compulsory Physical Examination of the Plaintiff in Actions for Personal Injuries

Practice. Annulment of Marriage for Disease. Compulsory Physical Examination before Trial

Practice. Annulment of Marriage for Disease. Compulsory Physical Examination before Trial

ROUTINE URINE EXAMINATIONS IN UNIVERSITY ENTRANTS

At the University of California, a compulsory physical examination is required of all students on matriculation. This is for the purpose of determining for the health service the health condition of the student, as to whether there are present any physical defects or infectious disease. This record is utilized on every occasion on which hospital or dispensary care is required, as it contains the full personal and family history, the complete physical findings, including the chest, abdomen and extremities, eye, ear, nose, throat, dental and urine findings. The same record is used by the military and physical education departments to determine whether the student can qualify for military duty or is eligible for the various athletic activities. During the fall semester of 1924, 1,224 men students, averaging in age from 18 to 20 years, were given complete chemical and microscopic urine examinations. It may be of interest to learn that

Trial Practice. Breach of Promise. Compulsory Physical Examination

Trial Practice. Breach of Promise. Compulsory Physical Examination

Evidence. Libel and Slander. Compulsory Physical Examination to Establish Truth

Evidence. Libel and Slander. Compulsory Physical Examination to Establish Truth

Police Power. Contagious Diseases. Compulsory Physical Examination

Police Power. Contagious Diseases. Compulsory Physical Examination

Immunity from Compulsory Physical Examination

Immunity from Compulsory Physical Examination

Evidence Obtained by Compulsory Physical Examination of Prisoner

Evidence Obtained by Compulsory Physical Examination of Prisoner