Compulsive Attention Research Articles

An Analysis of Social Media Addiction in Adolescents

Adolescents around the world now utilize social media on a daily basis. Social media addiction, a psychobehavioral condition, is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable use of social media and compulsive attention to it. It has been linked to a number of negative health effects. As social media has grown in popularity, the potential impact on teenage health and well-being has received a great deal of social and academic attention. Research on social media addiction and its consequences is urgently needed in order to create effective prevention strategies. Despite increased research into social media addiction, there are still numerous hurdles and research gaps. This paper uses observation and questionnaires to investigate and understand adolescents. The findings of the study suggest that there are a wide range of consequences, both positive and negative, associated with social media use among adolescents. However, the risk of social media addiction is considerable due to the lack of self-control among adolescents, which is prevalent in terms of the percentage of social media users.

Performing High-Quality, Safe, Cost-Effective, and Efficient Basic Colonoscopy in 2023: Advice From Two Experts.

Based on published evidence and our expert experience, we provide recommendations to maximize the efficacy, safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of routine colonoscopy. High-quality colonoscopy begins with colon preparation using a split or same-day dose and preferably a low-volume regimen for optimal patient tolerance and compliance. Successful cecal intubation can be achieved by choosing the correct colonoscope and using techniques to facilitate navigation through challenges such as severe angulations and redundant colons. Safety is a primary goal, and complications such as perforation and splenic rupture can be prevented by avoiding pushing through fixed resistance and avoiding loops in proximal colon. Furthermore, barotrauma can be avoided by converting to water filling only (no gas insufflation) in every patient with a narrowed, angulated sigmoid. Optimal polyp detection relies primarily on compulsive attention to inspection as manifested by adequate inspection time, vigorous probing of the spaces between haustral folds, washing and removing residual debris, and achieving full distention. Achieving minimum recommended adenoma detection rate thresholds (30% in men and 20% in women) is mandatory, and colonoscopists should aspire to adenoma detection rate approaching 50% in screening patients. Distal attachments can improve mucosal exposure and increase detection while shortening withdrawal times. Complete resection of polyps complements polyp detection in preventing colorectal cancer. Cold resection is the preferred method for all polyps < 10 mm. For effective cold resection, an adequate rim of normal tissue should be captured in the snare. Finally, cost-effective high-quality colonoscopy requires the procedure not be overused, as demonstrated by following updated United States Multi Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer postpolypectomy surveillance recommendations.

“Fragments of cloth, bits of cotton, lumps of earth”: Object-Oriented Lists in Let Us Now Praise Famous Men

New insights emerge when James Agee’s Depression-era epic Let Us Now Praise Famous Men is considered through the lens of Object-Oriented Ontology. Both OOO and Agee’s text cultivate an ethical disposition that manifests itself as a sustained and even compulsive attention to cataloguing everyday objects. Despite Agee’s distinctly human-centered approach to the material world—an orientation that OOO would reject as anthropocentrist—reading this text alongside this philosophy reveals the ethical potential of the list as an ideologically powerful form.

Abstract 83: 7 C's In Preventing Stroke Complicating Coronary Angioplasty

Introduction: Despite advances in angioplasty equipment and technique, reducing the incidence of CVA has remained an elusive target. Strokes increase mortality, cost and length of stay, residual disability. Hypothesis: 1. Monitor and benchmark CVAs, 2. Drill down for predictors, lapses in care, 3. Form a multidisciplinary group to identify failure modes, process controls. Methods: CVAs complicating coronary PCI from 2017 to present were reviewed. Results: There were 32 CVAs [5 hemorrhagic; 27 thrombotic] occurring in 6410 PCI by 18 operators [0.5%] &amp; 9 deaths [0.28] CVA pts were high acuity: 2 [0.06] post Cardiac arrest, 11 [.34] STEMIs, 8 [.25] Non-STEMIs, 12 [.38] ACS. Age &gt; 65 years in 22 [0.69]. Comorbidity: CVA/TIA/Carotid disease 8 [0.25], PAD 6 [0.19], CKD 4/5 in 3 [0.09], Atrial fib 4 [0.13], LVEF &lt; 35% 12 [0.38]. Ventricular support for cardiogenic shock in 5 [0.16]. Access changed from femoral to radial with 7 CVA [0.22] associated with radial, 22 [0.69] with femoral, and 3 [0.09] with both. Anticoagulation: heparin alone 5 [0.16] and bivalirudin ± heparin in 27 [0.84]. Most interventions utilized bivalirudin. PCI with Heparin &amp; Aspiration thrombectomy, in 5 [0.16] had a higher thrombotic CVA risk. Multidisciplinary review concerns included: 1. pt factors [bleeding/clotting history, current meds and side effects, risk factors for CVA/TIA {e.g. STEMI/non-STEMI, cardiogenic shock, atrial fibrillation, age, carotid disease}, 2. Equipment {e.g. access sheath size and length, catheter preshaped/shaped/multiple, wire [e.g. straight, curved tip, shapeable, hydrophilic, exchange], thrombectomy, angioplasty [balloon, rotoblator, stent], 3. Personnel [experience, volume, trainees], 4. Process [Anticoagulation {timing, heparin,/bivalirudin, dose, monitoring}, Cleaning hands/wires/bowl, Catheter exchanges, Case Duration. Patient monitoring, Brain attack protocol activation and response. Conclusions: The multidisciplinary group formulated a7 C’s Chain of prevention to lessen the risk of CVA: Continuous monitoring , Contributing factor identification, Consensus development of best practices, Cleanliness , Compulsive attention to detail / technique, Communication , Controversies in Care [notably DOACs].

Anatomical Variations That Can Lead to Spine Surgery at the Wrong Level: Part I, Cervical Spine.

Spine surgery at the wrong level is an adversity that many spine surgeons will encounter in their career, and it falls under the wrong-site surgery sentinel events reporting system. The cervical spine is the second most common location in the spine at which surgery is performed at the wrong level. Anatomical variations of the cervical spine are one of the most important incriminating risk factors. These anomalies include craniocervical junction abnormalities, cervical ribs, hemivertebrae, and block/fused vertebrae. In addition, patient characteristics, such as tumors, infection, previous cervical spine surgery, obesity, and osteoporosis, play an important role in the development of cervical surgery at the wrong level. These were described, and several effective techniques to prevent this error were provided. A thorough review of the English-language literature was performed in the database PubMed between 1981 and 2019 to review and summarize these risk factors. Compulsive attention to these factors is essential to ensure patient safety. Therefore, the surgeon must carefully review the patient’s anatomy and characteristics through imaging and collaborate with radiologists to reduce the likelihood of performing cervical spine surgery at the wrong level.

James's Birdcage/Hitchcock's Birds

Like a bird on the wire Like a drunk in a midnight choir I have tried, in my way, to be free. —Leonard Cohen Leonard Cohen's 1969 signature lyric posits a conundrum about freedom: I have tried to be free in my vocalizations, sings the Keatsian bird/drunk, but my freedom to sing has coincided with linearity, restriction, conformity. In this chestnut of poetic complaint, form and the constrictions of the poetic instrument ("wire" referring to guitar strings) contend with spontaneity in the reproduction of the poet's song and soul, his "freedom." Cohen's "I have tried" and "in my way" notwithstanding (those clichés of contemporary victimization), his image of a bird on a wire symptomatizes what I want to define as a particular circumstance of the condition of modernity. I will characterize this circumstance as a dually complicit and conflicted relation between the simulativeness and the putative freedom of the subject, in the vein of the more the subject is redoubled, the more mobile it becomes. This relation rests upon an ambiguation of the ideology underlying what Herb Schneidau has definitively explored in Sacred Discontent as the alienation of the modern Western subject—a double alienation in that it compounds the alienation of the subject in culture and inevitably represents it as the alienation of culture from nature, or the inviolate gap of the real existing between the social and the imaginary broached by modern self-consciousness (1–49). In drawing out this relation, I will be moving between two figures and two works, Henry James and Alfred Hitchcock; In the Cage, James's deeply weird, voyeuristic novella of 1898 and The Birds, Hitchcock's [End Page 45] 1963 epic of avian mayhem and the second of the trilogy of films—sandwiched between Psycho and Marnie—devoted to possessive mothers, bad daughters, and generally possessed adults. Why James and Hitchcock? For starters, it is sometimes difficult to tell them apart, at least in profile. Both are portly modernists, bookends to an epoch, at least in the case of James on the front end if we follow Hugh Kenner's characterization of him in The Pound Era as the era's absent father, encountering the young Ezra and Dorothy in London while on a walk with his niece "toward the evening of a gone world," a meeting that Kenner characterizes as follows: "Mr. Pound! . . . " in the searching voice, torch for unimagined labyrinths; and on, to the effect of presenting his niece Margaret; whereafter Mr. Pound presented Mr. James to his wife Dorothy; and the painter's eye of Dorothy Pound, née Shakespear, "took in," as James would have phrased it, Henry James. "A fairly portly figure." Fifty years later, under an Italian sky, the red waistcoat seemed half chimerical—"that may be imagination!"—but let us posit it; Gautier wore such a garment to the Hernani première, that formal declaration (1830) of art's antipathy to the impercipient, and James would have buttoned it for this outing with didactic deliberation. (4) For Kenner, whose treatise on the era as book is modeled on Ulysses, thus the implicit comparison between the didactic, "stately, plump Buck Mulligan" of the novel's introit and the didactic, portentous Henry James shepherding in modernity and seeing out the nineteenth century, James's "unimagined labyrinths" conspire with "art's antipathy to the impercipient" to produce a body of work that combines obsessive reflexivity and compulsive attention to detail. We might also say the same of Hitchcock films from, roughly, The Man Who Knew Too Much (1939 version) on, in proximate relation to the latter epoch of cinematic modernity as James stands in relation to the earlier epoch of literary modernity. More pointedly, James and Hitchcock reflect in unprecedented ways on the relation I have just introduced: detail and labyrinth, both signature elements of their collective opus, or a specificity...

Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter: common bacterial causes of infectious diarrhea.

Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter species are the most common causes of acute bacterial enteritis in the United States. These pathogens should be considered seriously in children who progress rapidly from secretory to inflammatory diarrhea syndrome or in whom diarrhea persists beyond 5 to 6 days. Furthermore, children who appear more toxic than their state of dehydration would suggest should be suspected of having an acute bacterial etiology for their diarrhea. Systemic, extraintestinal dissemination of these organisms is uncommon, with the exception of salmonella infection during the first year of life and in immunocompromised hosts. In this latter situation, culture of blood and other appropriate body fluids should be considered, along with empiric systemic antibiotic therapy. When antibiotics are warranted in patients with shigella or campylobacter infection, oral therapy is usually sufficient. Careful attention to handwashing and personal hygiene is always appropriate to prevent further spread of these organisms. The very low infectious dose of shigella infection mandates an even more compulsive attention to these latter recommendations when this organism is implicated.

The Chemotactic Peptide Receptor: A Model for Future Understanding of Chemotactic Disorders

Chemotaxis by human phagocytes enables these cells to find sites of injury or inflammation in the host. This function is a complex orchestration of biochemical and morphologic events that begins with the occupancy of specific surface receptors for chemotactic agents. The response is propagated and amplified by a biochemical cascade of transduction reactions. This cascade is mediated by receptor interactions with guanyl nucleotide binding proteins, subsequent activation of phospholipase C, and a resulting increase in phospholipid turnover. These events are spatially and temporarily integrated as elevations in the concentrations of intracellular Ca++ and diacylglycerol combine to activate protein kinase C. At the macromolecular and subcellular level, integration of these functions with as yet undiscovered pathways results in stimulation of actin polymerization, shape change, degranulation, and membrane flow. Final integration of these events results in the morphologic process of directed migration of the cell along concentration gradients of chemotaxins. During this process, chemotactic receptors are continuously regulated and feed back information to the response system that adjusts the biochemistry and morphology accordingly. This article has briefly considered some of the relationships between these transduction events and the control of a specific chemotactic receptor system employing the N-formylated chemotactic peptides. It is hoped that knowledge of this regulation will aid the physician in understanding the origin of chemotactic disorders derived from defects in chemotactic receptor systems of the phagocytic cells.

Nonmastectomy treatment of breast cancer. Current status of excision plus radiation.

Treatment of primary breast cancer with excision of the tumor plus radiation is now an accepted alternative to mastectomy in women who desire breast preservation and have a suitable clinical presentation. Tumor size and location should be carefully considered before applying treatment with this method, the primary consideration being whether the breast will be grossly distorted by excision. Women with large breasts are technically more difficult to treat and often have less satisfactory cosmetic results, but large breast size is not a contraindication to nonmastectomy procedures. A patient of any age can be treated with these procedures, but young women who undergo radiation treatment will have a longer period at risk for any late complications of irradiation. Compulsive attention to surgical and radiotherapeutic detail produces the best results. Careful and close long-term follow-up of these patients is essential because local recurrence is treatable with mastectomy.

Pericarditis and the Sick Sinus Syndrome

To the Editor. —In their excellent review of current concepts of sick sinus syndrome, Belie and Talano 1 unfortunately included as one of its causes. In a professional lifetime of studying and dealing with pericarditis, I cannot recall seeing such a case—or reading of such a case in a steady and rather compulsive attention to the literature. (Several years ago we reviewed our experience with sick sinus syndrome, some 78 cases in four years, and did not find pericarditis among this small group.) More importantly, the only studies using a prospective protocol of rhythm disturbances in pericarditis—100 cases followed clinically and by electrocardiogram 2 and 50 cases by Holter monitoring 3 —showed no association of pericarditis with arrhythmias. Unfortunately, textbooks commonly repeat the hoary notion that there must be a relationship. Moreover, repeated misinterpretations of James' 4 article tend to perpetuate this. The uniform conclusion of the prospective,