Compton Scattering Technique Research Articles

The hazardous protective glass material for gamma, neutrons, and behaviors of charged particles: Results of adding barium oxide concentrations

The objective of this research is to examine the effectiveness of gamma and neutron shielding, as well as to investigate the behavior of charged particles in glass compositions with the formula xBaO:5SnO2:10Na2O:10CaO:10Li2O: (65-x)SiO2. These glass compositions will be created using the melt quenching technique (MQT). The findings indicated that the physical characteristics, such as density and molar volume, exhibited a comparable pattern. The gamma-ray shielding capacity of the glass system was assessed by comparing it with theoretical, simulation, and experimental values obtained using WinXCom, PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System) Monte Carlo simulation, and Compton scattering technique (CST), respectively. The results revealed that the total attenuation (μm), effective atomic number (Zeff), and electron density (Nel) exhibited a consistent increase with higher BaO contents. Additionally, this increase led to a decrease in scattering energy within the Compton energy range. The half-value layer (HVL) exhibited superior shielding characteristics compared to alternative substances. Furthermore, the addition of more BaO atoms in the glass structure results in an increased ability of the material to stop the motion of charged particles with larger mass. Conversely, lower concentrations of BaO demonstrate an efficient barrier against fast neutrons. The simulation revealed that BaO can be utilized as an additive in glass materials to enhance their radiation shielding properties in environments with high levels of radiation.

Radiation Interaction Characteristics of Solutions of La(NO3)3.6H2O and Sm(NO3)3.6H2O in Acetone Using Compton Scattering Technique

This work deals with the evaluation of interaction cross sections, effective atomic number, and effective electron density at gamma photon energies, not available from standard radioisotopes. The Compton scattering technique is used to obtain the required gamma energies within a specific range of energies from 241.8 to 401.8 keV to perform the radiation measurements. Radiation interaction parameters of some inorganic compounds (high-Z rare-earth nitrate hexahydrate), namely, Lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate [La(NO3)3.6H2O] and Samarium(III) nitrate hexahydrate [Sm(NO3)3.6H2O], soluble in low-Z organic solvent (acetone) are evaluated. Six scattering angles are chosen to obtain six (not available from standard radioisotopes) Compton scattered energies to perform narrow-beam transmission experiments. An NaI(Tl) scintillation detector is used to detect the transmitted flux from the different solutions in various proportions. Photon interaction parameters useful in vast basic and applied fields are evaluated. The present measured results, obtained from the Compton scattered technique, are found to be in good agreement with the computed values of radiation interaction parameters obtained from the WinXCom program. The present data on rare-earth solutions have definite scientific importance in nuclear and radiation physics and fill in the gap of nonavailability of such data for radiation workers at these specific energies.

Non-destructive study of wood using the Compton scattering technique

A simple nondestructive method is presented in this study to characterize woods having different densities, thus estimating the size and depth of inhomogeneities in given wood samples using the Compton scattering technique (CST). This technique uses a collimated beam of 662-keV energy from 137Cs radioactive source, and the scattered flux is detected by an NaI(Tl) detector. To characterize different wood samples on the basis of their densities, both scattering and transmission experiments were performed. The presence of inhomogeneities such as knots in wood was simulated by drilling cylindrical voids of diameter 9mm in the samples and then filling them with a high-density material (aluminum). Furthermore, different sizes of inhomogeneities (Al cylinders) were filled in the wood samples to estimate the depth and size of the inhomogeneity using the CST. A higher linear correlation (R2 ~ 0.96) was found between the scattered intensity and the density of different woods using the CST than that using the transmission (R2 ~ 0.83) method by measuring the density range. An increase of 24.6% in the average scattered intensity was observed at the location where the knot was present, and it was found that an inhomogeneity of the order of ~4mm or more could be detected by the CST.

Mass Attenuation Coefficient and Effective Atomic Number of Ag/Cu/Zn Alloy at Different Photon Energy by Compton Scattering Technique

Mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers of Ag/Cu/Zn alloy (14.80%/57.61%/27.59% weight fraction) were determined at energy range 220 to 662 keV using gamma rays transmission method. The photon energy has been changed by Compton scattering technique. The results show that, the experimental values of mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers are in good agreement with the theoretical values with less than 1% of error. The mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers were decreased with increasing of gamma rays energies due to the higher photon interaction probability of Ag/Cu/Zn alloy at lower energy.

Measurement of Mass Attenuation Coefficients of Blue Sapphire at Different Photon Energy by Compton Scattering Technique

The mass attenuation coefficients of blue sapphire were measured at the different energy of γ-rays using the Compton scattering technique. There are in good agreement of scattered gamma rays energies between theoretical value and experimental value, reflecting the validation of Compton scattering system setup. The results show that, the experimental values of mass attenuation coefficient are in good agreement with the theoretical values. The mass attenuation coefficients increase with the decrease in gamma rays energies. This may be attributed to the higher photon interaction probability of blue sapphire at lower energy. This result is a first report of mass attenuation coefficient of blue sapphire at different gamma rays energies.

Materials characterization in petroleum pipeline using Compton Scattering technique

In this paper Compton Scattering technique is analyzed as a possible tool for the characterization of materials inside draining petroleum pipelines. The study was accomplished in laboratory scale, so the results should be analyzed to conclude if the system could be used in the field. The system used was composed of two detectors aligned by a Ce-137 source forming an angle of 90° with the detectors line (662keV—direct beam, and 288keV—scattered beam). The results obtained show the capability of the system for the characterization of materials like sand, paraffin and water inside pipelines.

Compton Study of the Electronic State in Fe–NiAlloys

In this paper we report a study of the electronic state inFe0.64Ni0.36 (Invar) andFe0.5Ni0.5 alloys using the Compton scatteringtechnique. Measurements were made on the polycrystalline alloys andalso the parent metals using 59.54keV radiation from a 5 CiAm241 source. In the case of Invar, our data showsreasonable agreement with the rigid-band APW calculation of Wakoh. Thedata on both the alloys are in good agreement with the superpositionof Compton profiles of the pure constituent metals, weighted by theircompositions, suggesting that there is no charge transfer. Acomparison with an earlier work on Fe0.51Ni0.49has also been made.

Detection of paraffin deposition inside a draining tubulation by the Compton Scattering Technique

This work shows an application of the Compton Scattering Technique (CS) in the detection of the problem produced by the formation of paraffin (condensed petrol) inside the petrol draining pipeline in deep-water exploration (off-shore). This study was made using an inspection system by CS. The measurements were made with two types of beam, punctual and fan-beam, by analysing a pipeline cross-section or small elements of volume through a transversal line. The punctual system can detect a minimum of 10% paraffin. This value is about 20% with a fan-beam system.

Electron-momentum distribution in zirconium.

The electron-momentum distribution in hexagonal-close-packed zirconium has been studied for the first time with use of a Compton-scattering technique. Measurements have been made by scattering 59.54-keV \ensuremath{\gamma} rays. Theoretical computations have been carried out with use of the renormalized-free-atom model for various 4d-5s configurations. Best agreement between theory and experiment is found if the electron configuration is chosen as 4${d}^{3}$5${s}^{1}$.

Temperature Variations in the Fermi Momentum of Aluminum Metal by Compton Scattering Technique

γ-ray Compton profile measurements of Al metal were made over the temperature range from 25 to 900°C in both the solid and liquid states. The Fermi momentum was determined by the Fourier transform of the Compton profile. It is found that the temperature variation in the Fermi momentum of Al metal corresponds to the change in the electronic density in both the solid and liquid states and that the discontinuous change of the Fermi momentum takes place at the melting point.