Compromise Programming Method Research Articles

Optimizing the management of multiple water resources in irrigation area under uncertainty: A novel scenario-based multi-objective fuzzy-credibility constrained programming model

Effective water resources management is vital for sustainable development, healthy ecosystems, stable socio-economic, and human well-being. However, managing water resources faces challenges due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders and uncertainties in various hydrologic fluxes. This complexity makes it rare for research to simultaneously address the hidden uncertainties in both objectives and constraints. Here, we developed a scenario-based multi-objective fuzzy-credibility constrained programming approach and applied it to the water resource management system (SMOFCP-WRMS) of the Zhaokou Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area Phase II Project (ZKID-II). This method handles uncertainties represented by scenarios and fuzzy sets, while also resolving fuzzy uncertainty parameters within the multiple objectives and constraints of the model. We solve the SMOFCP-RWMS model by integrating the Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA- III) and compromise programming (CP) method. The results show that: (1) An increase in constraints violation risks (credibility level from 0.5 to 1.0) results in a decrease in water resources allocation and pollutant discharge by 25.95 × 106 m3 and 207.63 tonne, respectively, accompanied by a decline in net economic income by 68.04 × 106 CNY; (2) From extraordinary dry year to normal year (design frequencies from 95 % to 50 %) leads to a reduction in water shortage by 167.07 × 106 m3. Incorporating ‘credibility levels’ and ‘design frequencies’ would be beneficial for addressing uncertainties, including fuzzy information and discrete possibilities for the future; (3) Regarding the multi-objective model solution, the combined NSGA- III and CP approach demonstrates an average increase of 1.71 % in net economic benefits and 4.03 % in total pollution discharge, along with a 5.91 % reduction in the water deficit ration compared to the traditional CP method. Although the ecological benefits decrease slightly in the compromise-optimal solutions using the combined NSGA- III and CP method, the economic and social benefits are improved compared to those from the combined NSGA- II and CP method. This study provides valuable decision-making guidance for water resources managers in irrigated areas, aiding them in balancing economic, social, and ecological benefits, and enabling the section of an optimal water resources management scheme based on acceptable risk levels under various uncertain conditions.

Topology optimization of wheel spoke under fatigue tests considering the rotation characteristics of automobile wheels

The topology structure of wheel spoke has a great impact on the safety and lightweight of automobile wheels. However, the rotation process of the wheels is difficult to be reflected in the design and optimization. In this paper, the topology optimization of wheel spoke under fatigue tests considering the rotation characteristics is studied. The bending fatigue test and radial fatigue test are first introduced and the corresponding computation models are presented to calculate the mechanical performances of the wheel hub. The relationship between the internal stress and the number of the wheel spokes is established, and the mechanical performances with different number of wheel spokes are analyzed to guide the selection to the number. Then, the rotation characteristics of the wheel hub are simplified as static loads at different directions or positions according to the configuration of the wheel spokes. A comprehensive evaluation function which includes the test and load levels is defined by the compromise programming method to simulate the stress during the rotation process. Two levels of topology optimization methods are determined. Next, a mathematical model of multi-objective topology optimization for the wheel spoke is established based on the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization, and a new wheel hub is obtained. Finally, the mechanical performances are compared with the original wheel hub. The obtained results show that the stiffness and strength of the wheel hub are improved under two test conditions, while the weight is reduced by 2.75%.

Application of NEXRAD precipitation data for assessing the implications of low development practices in an ungauged basin

AbstractHydrologic analysis in watersheds lacking rain gauge stations has been a challenge and even those with stations that do not contain the required amount of data create problems in model verification. So, the study integrates the Next Generation Weather RadarIII precipitation data and the Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) for evaluating the model's effectiveness. The study further integrates 100‐year return period precipitation intensity and PCSWMM to generate a one‐dimensional flood risk zone map, which shows the major sub‐catchments under risk zones. Based on the identification of risk zones from PCSWMM, three different low‐impact developments (LIDs), street plants, infiltration trenches, and green roofs are applied independently and uniformly to compare the decrease in flow. Thereafter, the prioritized list of critical sub‐catchments from hydraulic modeling is compared with the compromise programming method, an approach for studying the decrement in flow by increasing LID application (infiltration trench) in the first five critical sub‐catchments, suggesting planners and researchers identify the most critical sub‐catchments and develop future potential strategies.

Performance evaluation of multiple regional climate models to simulate rainfall in the Central Rift Valley Lakes Basin of Ethiopia and their selection criteria for the best climate model.

The historical datasets of five regional climate models (RCMs) available in the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa database are evaluated against ground-based observed rainfall in the Central Rift Valley Lakes Basin of Ethiopia. The evaluation is aimed at determining how well the RCMs reproduce monthly, seasonal, and annual cycles of rainfall and quantify the uncertainty between the RCMs in downscaling the same global climate model outputs. Root mean square, bias, and correlation coefficient are used to evaluate the ability of the RCM output. The multicriteria decision method of compromise programming was used to choose the best climate models for the climate condition of the Central Rift Valley Lakes subbasin. The Rossby Center Regional Atmospheric Model (RCA4) has downscaled ten global climate models (GCMs) and reproduces the monthly rainfall with a complex spatial distribution of bias and root mean square errors. The monthly bias varies in the range of - 35.8 to 189%. The summer (wet), spring, winter (dry), and annual rainfall varied within the range of 1.44 to 23.66%, - 7.08 to 20.04%, - 7.35 to 57%, and - 3.11 to 16.5%, respectively. To find the source of uncertainty, the same GCMs but downscaled by different RCMs were analyzed. The test results showed that each RCM differently downscaled the same GCM, and there was no single RCM model that consistently simulated the climate conditions over the stations in the study regions. However, the evaluation finds reasonable model skill in representing the temporal cycles of rainfall and suggests the use of RCMs where climate data is scarce after bias correction.

Optimization Design of Large-Aperture Primary Mirror for a Space Remote Camera

Lightweight, high stability, and high-temperature adaptability are the primary considerations when designing the primary mirror of a micro/nano satellite remote sensing camera. In this paper, the optimized design and experimental verification of the large-aperture primary mirror of the space camera with a diameter of Φ610 mm is carried out. First, the design performance index of the primary mirror was determined according to the coaxial tri-reflective optical imaging system. Then, SiC, with excellent comprehensive performance, was selected as the primary mirror material. The initial structural parameters of the primary mirror were obtained using the traditional empirical design method. Due to the improvement of SiC material casting complex structure reflector technology level, the initial structure of the primary mirror was improved by integrating the flange with the primary mirror body design. The support force acts directly on the flange, changing the transmission path of the traditional back plate support force, and has the advantage that the primary mirror surface shape accuracy can be maintained for a long time when subjected to shock, vibration, and temperature changes. Then, a parametric optimization algorithm based on the mathematical method of compromise programming was used to optimize the design of the initial structural parameters of the improved primary mirror and the flexible hinge, and finite element simulation was conducted on the optimally designed primary mirror assembly. Simulation results show that the root mean square (RMS) surface error is less than λ/50 (λ = 632.8 nm) under gravity, 4 °C temperature rise, and 0.01 mm assembly error. The mass of the primary mirror is 8.66 kg. The maximum displacement of the primary mirror assembly is less than 10 μm, and the maximum inclination angle is less than 5″. The fundamental frequency is 203.74 Hz. Finally, after the primary mirror assembly was precision manufactured and assembled, the surface shape accuracy of the primary mirror was tested by ZYGO interferometer, and the test value was 0.02 λ. The vibration test of the primary mirror assembly was conducted at a fundamental frequency of 208.25 Hz. This simulation and experimental results show that the optimized design of the primary mirror assembly meets the design requirements of the space camera.

Evaluation of General Circulation Models CMIP6 Performance and Future Climate Change over the Omo River Basin, Ethiopia

One of the world’s major issues is climate change, which has a significant impact on ecosystems, human beings, agricultural productivity, water resources, and environmental management. The General Circulation Models (GCMs), specially the recently released (coupled model intercomparison project six) CMIP6 are very indispensable to understand and support decision makers to identify adaptation strategies in response to future climate change in a basin. However, proper selection of skillful GCMs and future climate assessment is a prior task to climate impact studies. The objective of the study is an attempt to appraise the climate model’s performance and future climate scenarios of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in the Omo River Basin. The performance evaluation of 20 GCMs of the CMIP6 was properly performed to reproduce the precipitation and the maximum temperature in the basin. Their performance has been carried out against the best selected mean monthly Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) precipitation and European Community Medium Water Range Weather Forecasts Version 5 (ECMWF-ERA5) maximum temperature. The GCMs of the CMIP6 were selected and ranked using the compromise programming method of multi-criteria decision making. The result shows that ensemble models and NorESM2-MM models have been designated to reproduce the precipitation and maximum temperature in the basin respectively. The Mann–Kendall trend test was executed to appraise the trend of selected CMIP6 models, and subsequently, downscaling and bias correction techniques were conducted. The projected seasonal precipitation of June, July, August, September (JJAS) and March, April, May (MAM) shows an increasing trend with 10.86, 17.66, 38.96 and 11.85, 22.1, and 40.7% under SSP2452031-2060, SSP5852031-2060, and SSP5852071-2100 scenarios respectively. Furthermore, increasing trends were detected in MAM by 12.8% and decreasing trends in JJAS were detected by 15.23% under SSP2452071-2100 scenario. The maximum temperature projection will be increased on average by 0.95, 1.78, 1.4, and 3.88 °C in JJAS and 1.53, 2.24, 1.56, and 3.89 °C in MAM under climate change scenarios of near-future SSP2452031-2060, SSP5852031-2060, far-future SSP2452071-2100, and SSP5852071-2100, respectively. Additionally, the basin has shown temporal-spatial climate fluctuation in terms of precipitation and maximum temperature.

Dynamic and Static Multiobjective Topology Optimization for Gears of Directional Drill Transmission System

Aiming at the multiobjective topology optimization design of the structure, this paper proposes a method to establish the comprehensive objective function based on the normalized subobjective of the compromise programming method and to determine the weight coefficient of the subobjective of the comprehensive objective function by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). By using statistical analysis and modal analysis, the static and dynamic characteristics of the gear can be obtained. The single objective topology optimization is used to reduce the compliance of the gear and elevate the low-order natural frequency, and the frequency weighting method is used to suppress the oscillation phenomenon in the frequency-single-objective optimization. AHP was used to determine the weight coefficient of each subtarget. The compromise programming method is used for multiobjective topology optimization, and the gear design is improved according to the optimization results. By analyzing the improved gear structure, the weight of the optimized gear is reduced by 25.3%. The overall stiffness performance and strength performance are enhanced, and the natural frequencies of each order are improved to different degrees.

USE OF INTEGRATED MCDM APPROACH FOR THE SELECTION OF LEAN TOOLS TO IMPROVE THE ORGANIZATIONAL-BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

There are numerous strategies and concepts that management can use in order to improve the organizational business performance of companies in modern business conditions. Research shows that one of the most prevalent principles in the past few years is the use of Lean tools, which enable managers to continuously improve their business. Since in most cases the problem of choosing Lean tools is solved through experience, the paper proposes the application of an integrated multi-criteria approach for decision-making. The evaluation of the relative importance of the criteria was performed using the AHP method, while the selection of the most suitable Lean tool was carried out using the ELECTRE method, the PROMETHEE method and the Compromise Programming method, using specially developed software for that purpose. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance and quality of the application of the proposed model in real and modern conditions of business and organization.

Application of multi-objective genetic algorithm for optimal combination of resources to achieve sustainable agriculture based on the water-energy-food nexus framework

Understanding the systemic approach and its potential for decision-making is important for resource management, especially in agriculture in which increasing food demands and environmental and social issues are the main challenges. Therefore, multiple-criteria decision-making methods have a vital role in the optimum combination of resources. Computational models are commonly used to assist resource management decision-making; however, while water-energy-food nexus (WEFN) are increasingly well modeled, the inclusion of social issues has lagged behind. This paper outlines a model based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) that conceptualizes and proceduralizes balancing the goals of sustainable agricultural development highlighting impacts and interactions between social variables and the WEFN index in agriculture. The model was developed using a bottom-up approach, informed through farmer interviews, and secondary data in the Miandarband plain, west Iran. The Compromise Programming (CP) method, which is widely used to solve MOGA models, was applied to optimization algorithms in three-dimensional spaces. The model represents field conditions and provides a tool for policymakers and sustainable resource management. The modeling framework applied to the study area for the comparison of WFEN, life cycle assessment (LCA), and social dimension in current and optimum cultivation patterns. The proposed optimal cultivation pattern in minimum CP will reduce water and energy consumption by 2.56 % and 12.71 % while reducing environmental impacts by 6.82 %, and it will improve the social status of farmers. Results suggest that changes in the basic elements of objective functions will lead to a balance between cultivation patterns that depends on policies and socio-economic conditions. Moreover, proposed cultivation patterns may be sustainable but their viability varies across the periods and also in different human ecologies. However, by analyzing the feedback of the model and interactions between different dimensions, this work highlights that policymakers can decide sustainable agriculture how should be occur by comparing different solutions.

A multi-criteria risk-based approach for optimal planning of SuDS solutions in urban flood management

ABSTRACT This paper presents a multi-criteria risk-based approach for managing urban flood hazards by using a combination of conventional measures and contemporary Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS). A multi-objective optimisation model coupled with a simulation model of UDS in the SWMM software is developed with the three objectives of minimising total costs, the risk of flooding and pollution discharged into receiving waters. K-means clustering technique is used to group the optimal solutions. A few optimal solutions and individual SuDS solutions are then ranked together by using the compromise programming (CP) method. The methodology is demonstrated by its application on a case study of the Golestan city UDS in Iran. The results obtained show there are indirect correlations between non-dominated solutions that minimise the risk of either flooding or pollution. The results also show the selected optimal solutions can provide cost-effective strategies that reduce both flood and pollution risks by at least 27% and 50%, respectively.

The compromise programming method to choose artificial recharge sites in Mornag aquifer (Tunisia)

The compromise programming method to choose artificial recharge sites in Mornag aquifer (Tunisia)

Simulation of flood hazard, prioritization of critical sub-catchments, and resilience study in an urban setting using PCSWMM: a case study

Abstract Due to the dual pressure of rapid urbanization and climate change, urban flooding has become more common. Thus, for effective planning and mitigation strategies, it is of paramount interest to quantify the generated runoff and prioritize the urban critical sub-catchments. The present study investigates flood inundation in Hyderabad urban setting (zone-XII, zone-IV&V) using the Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) and prioritizes the critical sub-catchments using the compromise programming method (CPM) and PCSWMM. In addition, the system resilience is examined by integrating PCSWMM with GIS. The model simulation is performed for a 264 h (11 days) rainfall event that occurred in October 2020. The outcomes from the simulation are found to be satisfactory and in agreement with the field water logging points (WLPs). The inundation map results are validated with social media markers (SMMs). The critical sub-catchments are prioritized based on PCSWMM by runoff results and CPM by considering WLPs, slope and impervious percentage of sub-catchments as input criteria. The Integrated 1D-2D PCSWMM is used to examine the inundation velocity and depth. An urban flood hazard (UFH) map is generated to identify optimal low impact developments (LIDs). Subsequently, the present study showed how storage can improve the catchment capability and resilience of urban settings to tackle the excess stormwater.

Identification of Key Factors for Urban—Industrial Water Reuse: A Multi-Criteria Analysis Case Study

The industrial reuse of existing municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent can play a major role in improving water security in urbanized regions facing scarcity. As the complexity of engineered direct water reuse is related to various economic, technical, legal, social, environmental, and public health aspects, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is a feasible decision-making tool in this context. The present work aimed to establish the relevant key factors for the application of MCA, wherever plant planning, design, and construction did not previously consider reuse practices. The adopted methodology considers the proposition and valuation of key criteria, based on the existing literature, expert consultations, statistical analysis, and the application of MCA to a real municipal WWTP located in Campinas city (São Paulo State, Brazil). The 13 proposed criteria encompass multiple categories, and their relevance is demonstrated, given the high significance frequencies assigned. The best values are related to effluent quality, health risks, and treatment reliability, in addition to environmental costs and benefits. The application of those criteria in Cooperative Game Theory (CGT) and Compromise Programming (CP) methods is proved to be suitable, considering the characteristics of the studied area (i.e., highly urbanized with a history of water scarcity). Among nine surveyed end-users, the first position in the hierarchy corresponds to the largest industries with the shortest distance from the WWTP.

Multi-Objective Topology Optimization for Curved Arm of Multifunctional Billet Tong Based on Characterization of Working Conditions

A windlass driven heavy duty multifunctional billet tong was designed for large-scale forging and casting to reduce the number of auxiliary material handling devices in manufacturing workshops. To improve its mechanical performance and safety, a novel multi-objective topology optimization method for its curved arm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the influence of different open angles and working frequencies for the curved arm was simplified to a multi-objective optimization problem. A comprehensive evaluation function was constructed using the compromise programming method, and a mathematical model of multi-objective topology optimization was established. Meanwhile, a radar chart was employed to portray the comparative measures of working conditions, the weight coefficient for each working condition was determined based on the corresponding enclosed areas, combining the stress indices, the displacement indices and the frequency indices of all working conditions. The optimization results showed that the stiffness and strength of the curved arm can be improved while its weight can be reduced by 10.77%, which shows that it is feasible and promising to achieve a lightweight design of the curved arm of a billet tong. The proposed method can be extended to other equipment with complex working conditions.

Selection of the gridded temperature dataset for assessment of thermal bioclimatic environmental changes in Amu Darya River basin.

Assessment of the thermal bioclimatic environmental changes is important to understand ongoing climate change implications on agriculture, ecology, and human health. This is particularly important for the climatologically diverse transboundary Amy Darya River basin, a major source of water and livelihood for millions in Central Asia. However, the absence of longer period observed temperature data is a major obstacle for such analysis. This study employed a novel approach by integrating compromise programming and multicriteria group decision–making methods to evaluate the efficiency of four global gridded temperature datasets based on observation data at 44 stations. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by comparing the results obtained using symmetrical uncertainty, a machine learning similarity assessment method. The most reliable gridded data was used to assess the spatial distribution of global warming-induced unidirectional trends in thermal bioclimatic indicators (TBI) using a modified Mann–Kendall test. Ranking of the products revealed Climate Prediction Center (CPC) temperature as most efficient in reconstruction observed temperature, followed by TerraClimate and Climate Research Unit. The ranking of the product was consistent with that obtained using SU. Assessment of TBI trends using CPC data revealed an increase in the Tmin in the coldest month over the whole basin at a rate of 0.03–0.08 °C per decade, except in the east. Besides, an increase in diurnal temperature range and isothermally increased in the east up to 0.2 °C and 0.6% per decade, respectively. The results revealed negative implications of thermal bioclimatic change on water, ecology, and public health in the eastern mountainous region and positive impacts on vegetation in the west and northwest.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00477-022-02172-8.

Suitability of different precipitation data sources for hydrological analysis: a study from Western Ghats, India.

For hydrological analysis, it is essential to have continuous and long-term precipitation data. However, the precipitation data from rain gauge stations are often insufficient and not continuous. At present, ground-based gridded data and satellite-based gridded data are often used as an alternative. However, these data sets have to be evaluated for their suitability in hydrological studies. The current study compared three different rainfall data sources with the observed station data for the Kallada River basin of Kerala, India. The ground-based gridded rainfall data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the high-resolution satellite product Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B43, version 7), and the reanalysis data Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) are used in the analysis. The correlation coefficient, normalized root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, modified index of agreement, and volumetric efficiency are used as performance indicators. The performance indicator's weights are based on the entropy method. The multi-criteria decision-making techniques like compromise programming and Preference Ranking Organization Method (PROMETHEE II) are used for ranking the precipitation data sources. It is found that IMD ground-based gridded data is ranked 1 among the three data sets. The IMD ground-based gridded data are not homogeneous based on the absolute homogeneity test, even though they had the highest rank. The IMD gridded data are further corrected based on double mass curve analysis. The corrected data were analyzed using the precipitation concentration index (PCI) to assess the temporal variation in precipitation, and it was found that the location falls under a uniform distribution zone.

Lightweight design method and application of MEWP bracket based on multi-level optimization

<abstract> <p>Mobile elevating work platform (MEWP) is a large-scale engineering machinery equipment that transports workers and tools to the designated height for operation. As the key supporting component of MEWP, the bracket simultaneously needs to meet the performances of high stiffness and strength. Furthermore, the mechanical performance of the bracket can be significantly influenced by its cross-sectional shape. However, the optimal cross-sectional shape of bracket is not easily to obtain owing to the lacking of lightweight design method. Thus, a lightweight design method of MEWP bracket based on multi-level optimization is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the multi-case topology optimization model of MEWP bracket is constructed by using the compromise programming method, and the optimal section configuration of MEWP bracket is obtained based on Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP). Secondly, the parameterization of the cross-sectional shape of bracket is realized using the mesh deformation technology, and the multi-case optimization mathematical model of the MEWP bracket is established. Then, the cross-sectional shape and gauge of the bracket are optimized using multi-level optimization method. The optimized results show that weight reduction mass is 11.66 kg and the ratio is 52.4% under the premise that the stiffness of the bracket does not decrease. Furthermore, the weight of MEWP bracket optimized by the multi-level optimization method reduced by 1.27 kg compared with single gauge optimization method. Finally, a physical prototype is developed according to the optimization results.</p> </abstract>

Performance assessment of general circulation models: application of compromise programming method and global performance indicator technique

Performance assessment of general circulation models: application of compromise programming method and global performance indicator technique

Application of MCAT to provide multi-objective optimization model for municipal waste management system.

Choosing an appropriate municipal waste management method is a very complicated environmental problem in cities. This research introduces an optimization model for waste management in the southwest region of Tehran province. It was developed by a metaheuristic algorithm that was used to minimize the economic and environmental costs. Incineration, composting, recycling and landfilling waste management methods were considered. Three scenarios were developed to determine the optimum allocation of waste to each method such to fulfill the objective of overall minimum of environmental burdens and costs. A multi-objective scenario selection model was implemented by the compromise programming method in MCAT software. Considering the budget limitation and available facilities on site, optimum allocations to recycling, composting, incineration and landfilling methods were obtained as 115,486, 132,094, 71,905 and 45,516 tons/year, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the metaheuristic algorithm in MCAT software was an efficient tool in decision making about waste management systems and thus, it was suggested to municipality managers and regional planning authorities.

Topology optimization of wheel drive planetary carrier

In order to improve the reliability of the wheel drive system and the service life of the transmission system of the large-tonnage mining dump truck, the finite element model of the planetary carrier is established. According to the stress characteristics, the load, and constraint conditions of the main load, the static analysis and modal analysis are carried out. It is found that the maximum deformation and the maximum equivalent stress are small, and the fifth order modal frequency is high, which can further optimize the structure. Based on the SIMP (solid isotopic material with penalization) interpolation model in the variable density method, the mathematical model of multi-objective function for improving stiffness and reducing flexibility is established by using a compromise programming method. The structure topology of the planetary carrier is optimized to find a more reasonable distribution of materials, and the optimized structure is obtained. Based on the optimization results, the new planet carrier was redesigned, and the dynamic and static performance simulation analysis was performed to ensure the rationality of the improved design of the planet carrier structure. The research shows that the simulation results verify the safety and reliability of the structure, the performance of the optimized planetary carrier can meet the requirements, and the mass is reduced by 14.5%. and a new structure is obtained which is better than the original one.