Compressed Air Motor Research Articles

New books & media

A Traveler’s Guide to the StarsSection:ChooseTop of pageA Traveler’s Guide to the... <<Einstein: The Man and His...Engines: The Inner Workin...A Traveler’s Guide to the Stars, Les Johnson, Princeton U. Press, 2022, $27.95Although people have been dreaming of space exploration for decades, visiting and settling other worlds is still the stuff of science fiction. Nevertheless, in A Traveler’s Guide to the Stars, the physicist Les Johnson, a long-time proponent of interstellar travel, discusses what it will take to reach for the stars. After first providing a brief history of spaceflight and pondering potential destinations, Johnson launches into the core of the book: the technology challenges that will need to be met, which include revolutionary advancements in spacecraft propulsion, communications, navigation, and life-support systems. Rather than discourage, however, Johnson aims to encourage readers from all disciplines, not just science and engineering, to “think big.” —ccEinstein: The Man and His MindSection:ChooseTop of pageA Traveler’s Guide to the...Einstein: The Man and His... <<Engines: The Inner Workin...Einstein: The Man and His Mind, Gary S. Berger and Michael DiRuggiero, Damiani, 2022, $70.00Nearing 70 years after Albert Einstein’s death, the mystique surrounding the physicist shows no signs of abating. Probably the first celebrity scientist, his name alone is synonymous with genius. This new coffee-table book published by the Italian art press Damiani reproduces over a hundred Einstein-related items—including photographs, letters, and offprints of his scientific articles—from the private collection of Gary Berger. It distinguishes itself from the realm of kitschy Einsteiniana in how the documents illustrate the physicist’s human side: The letters and the inscriptions on the photos show how even after decades in the US, Einstein’s social circles remained dominated by Germanophone émigrés such as the photographer Lotte Jacobi. —rdEngines: The Inner Workings of Machines That Move the WorldSection:ChooseTop of pageA Traveler’s Guide to the...Einstein: The Man and His...Engines: The Inner Workin... <<Engines: The Inner Workings of Machines That Move the World, Theodore Gray; photographs by Nick Mann, Black Dog & Leventhal, 2022, $32.00This new large-format book by Theodore Gray, an author and chemistry enthusiast, is a tinkerer’s dream. Featuring images, cross sections, and diagrams of engines and motors of all varieties, Engines delves into how those ubiquitous devices function. A particular highlight is Gray’s deep dive into the diesel-powered hydraulic motors used by the Amish, who generally eschew electricity but still need to produce furniture on an industrial scale: They retrofit commercial electric devices to use compressed-air motors. The book mainly focuses on steam engines, internal-combustion engines, and electric motors, and a final chapter examines a grab bag of devices such as linear motors and sewing machines. —rd© 2022 American Institute of Physics.

Function Integration in Additive Manufacturing: Design and Realization of an LPBF Built Compressed Air Motor.

We present a compressed air motor, completely built by laser powder bed fusion. To highlight the fully functional integration by additive manufacturing, the rotor, stator, bearings, turbine, gas inlet and outlet were all built in a single print job. The material used was Inconel 718, and the motor was 44 mm tall and 12 mm in diameter. With the rotation axis of the motor in print in the direction of the laser powder bed fusion process, no build supports are needed, and thus the rotor and stator are fully moveable against each other. Plain bearings were used to position the rotor inseparably inside the stator, with a bearing gap of 0.2 mm, resulting in stable rotation. The idle rotation speed of the motor was measured with a digital laser measuring device as a function of air pressure and inlet size. With linear behavior between the rotation speed and gas pressure of up to 5.5 bar, the motor can be easily controlled. With varying gas inlet sizes, the idle rotation speed of the compressed air motor is also varied. A maximum rotation speed of 90,000 rpm was achieved at 1.5 mm gas inlet size and 3 bar gas pressure.

Efficiency from a pneumatic system to a mechanical traction system

Pneumatic traction systems have already been used since Denise Papín, who apparently already had the idea of using compressed air in cars. Currently in Uruguay and India with Armando Miguel Regusci Campomar and the French inventor Guy Negre respectively, they make use of this energy and mention high efficiency in their compressed air motors. In this vein and in order to continue research with this energy, explore non-polluting alternative energies and their efficiency, a Pneumatic-Mechanical traction system is proposed in this research, in a mobile of our own manufacture. The system works under two principles of elementary physics; Pascal's pneumatic energy and Tesla's alternating pneumatic energy that is, alternating pneumatic energy, their efficiency is tested with the energy of the compressed air tank and the displacement energy of the mobile

The Dimensioning of a Compressed Air Motor Dedicated to a Compressed Air Storage System

Storage represents the key to the penetration of renewable energies especially wind and solar energy on the network electric. It avoids unloading in the event of overproduction, ensuring real-time The production-consumption balance and also improve the robustness of the electricity grid. CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) is a mature technology that allows to store long or short duration an amount of energy sucient to support the number of cycles requested. The E-PV-CAES system will be presented and the modeling of the compressed air engine will also be treated in more detail in this article.

Study of Recent Manufacturing Trends towards Smart Automobile Vehicle

This chapter describes these themes and thereby the current situation in the manufacturing landscape the current manufacturing industry is already transforming changing social mindset and government aim for sustainable production. This general trend is accompanied by globalization, increasing competition and changing markets, which manufacturing companies need to cope with. Next to these general trends the developments on ‘Lean Manufacturing’, ‘TQM’ and ‘Logistic innovations’ are more and more accepted supported by the ongoing acceptance of Information and Communication Technology ‘ICT’. As mentioned this ICT developments are more and more visible in the inbound and outbound logistics of companies. Nowadays the manufacturing companies of Current time even cannot function without ICT guided logistics. Significant technological development has taken place, changing and reinventing how motor vehicles have been produced in the last 79 years. The manufacturing processes are now adopted to play greater role towards developments as aesthetical, aerodynamic, ergonomically comfortable design, with low periodic break down, highly fuel efficient and least pollution emitting motor vehicles. The complete process lines are almost undergoing automation to ensure quality, durability and cost effectiveness, resulting better future by way of sustainability of energy as well as adding to Fuel Saving & release of low emission to reduce Health hazards & Ecological imbalances. Since the fast depletion of fossil fuel has now a day become worldwide problem and technology has generally led to a greater use of hydrocarbon fuels for about 150 years, thus the decrease in supply of fossil fuel is making civilization vulnerable. The use of large number of vehicles for transport is also contributing to about 70% of total air pollution. In India vehicular pollution has also reached 8 times than it was 20 years before. Currently India is the fifth country which produces higher rate of emission and creating environmental & ecological imbalance after rating of USA, China, Russia & Japan. The world wide researches are going on and Japan has taken leading role for development of automobile vehicles at large. This paper covers the history of technological developments, use of CAD / CAM in designs, use of modern techniques for manufacturing processes & unconventional machining processes for vibration free, low noise and most balanced engines, use of sensor devices, development of alternative fuel efficient & low pollution automobile engines, tapping all other non conventional energy sources to develop fuel cell, battery operated, photocell and compressed air motor vehicles for future.

Characterization of a variable reluctance harvester

In our last year's PowerMEMS contribution we presented a proof-of-concept of a variable reluctance harvester for the application in a railroad surveillance system. It was shown that intermittently closing a magnetic circuit could supply power output in the range of mW's. The test setup used showed unwanted energy pickup from the electro motor used. In this paper we present thorough measurements of the reluctance circuit with a compressed air motor to exclude the effects of the above mentioned magnetic stray fields. The effects of eddy currents and moment of inertia on the output power, the optimal coil position on the stators, and effects of different magnetic field strengths are studied. The gap width is set to a fixed value of 14 mm, representing a realistic scenario.

Determining the principal parameters of piston expansion engines by different computational methods

We consider various engineering methods of calculating the parameters of machines. We carried out experimental tests on laboratory specimens of the stages of a gas expansion engine and a compressed air motor (PEE). Relations are given here for determining the indicated power of a PEE with combined and countercurrent gas distribution systems as well as the main propositions of the procedure for engineering calculations.

A simple quartz ampoule opener for damageless extraction of semiconductor ingots

Semiconductor ingots grown in quartz ampoules sometimes adhere to the walls of the ampoules which also may not always have a perfect regular cylindrical shape. This often results in the breaking of fragile materials when extracted from the ampoules. A simple apparatus using a compressed-air motor and a circular diamond saw operating without water is described, which realises longitudinal and transverse grooves along and across the ampoules. Then, by applying a controlled pressure on these grooves, the quartz ampoules can be cleaved into several shell parts which are easily removed. Ingots of 16-25 mm diameter are thus extracted without any damage.

The Migration of Epinephrin in a New Apparatus for Electrodialysis

CONSIDERING the importance of electrodialysis in biological investigations, one of us (Sokoloff)1 suggested to Dr. N. Michailovsky the construction of an improved apparatus which could be used for the study of the migration of epinephrin. Before stating the results of the latter experiments, we shall describe the new apparatus for electrodialysis. Figures 1 and 2 show the apparatus which has been used in our work with epinephrin. The improvement concerns the construction of the glass cell in which the electrolysis is carried out. The cell is built in three parts: A., M., and C., which correspond to the anode, middle, and cathode divisions. Divisions C. and A. are attached to the middle division by two clamps in such a way as to allow them to be separated if desired. Between the three divisions it is possible to place two diaphragms with a diameter of 3½ inches. Each diaphragm is held in position tightly between the divisions by means of two rubber rings. Filters of various kinds can be used in combination with these diaphragms. The electrodes are removable, so that it is possible to use different kinds of electrode material. They have an area of 38 sq. cm., and are made of fine wire mesh. The glass cylinders which form the anode and cathode divisions have circular openings about ½ inch in diameter through which it is possible to withdraw or add the solution of epinephrin and also to observe the temperature. It is possible to let water circulate through the Divisions A. and C. by means of suction and in this way to replace the used liquid with new fluid, thus assuring a perfect removal of electrolytes. Figure 1 shows an arrangement in which water circulates through the two side divisions containing the two electrodes. The big flask, D, on the left contains distilled water which is drawn up into Divisions A. and C. by means of a vacuum pump (v) and is collected in the two smaller bottles (B1 and B2). The vacuum is indicated by a manometer, E, which is attached on top of the control board. The cell in which the electrodialysis is carried out is attached in such a manner that it can be rotated by means of the agitator, F, which is operated by a compressed air motor. The apparatus can be operated by a direct or alternating current, using a wide range of current intensity and potential. It is possible to take readings from one milliampere to ten amperes and from one to one hundred and fifty volts. Indicators are provided to take readings by alternating and direct current. A sensitive rheostat, R, is connected in the circuit of the ammeters. The conditions of the middle division are such that primarily only dissociation and migration can occur. We used as diaphragms Norton Alundum Filter Discs 3½ inches in diameter and 5/32 inch in thickness, having a porosity of 43.9 per cent. At 20° C. the electrical resistance of this filter disc is 9 × 106 ohms, cm. cube.