Comprehensive Treatment Methods Research Articles

New avenues in the treatment of ischemic heart disease - Stem cell therapy

Faced with the large number of patients with ischemic heart disease and high mortality rates, traditional drug treatments come with the risks of drug resistance and rebound effects after discontinuation, as well as the shortcomings of surgical treatments such as poor blood circulation and the inability to restore necrotic myocardium. This article starts from the perspective of stem cell regenerative medicine, focusing on the stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease, and provides a comprehensive review of the types of stem cells and transplantation methods. It also includes further summaries and prospects, believing that more comprehensive and improved treatment methods will emerge in the future to benefit patients.

Evaluation of the clinical effect of 4D digital strabismus and amblyopia visual function correction system combined with traditional comprehensive treatment methods on anisometropic amblyopia

PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a 4D digital strabismus and amblyopia visual function correction system (4D-DSAAVFCS) in combination with conventional modalities compared with conventional modalities alone in children with anisometropic amblyopia.MethodsThis nonrandomized controlled study collected data on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), simultaneous vision, fusion vision, near stereoscopic vision, the amplitude of P100 wave (graphic evoked visual potentials), and the latency of P100 wave from both eyes at the beginning of the treatment and one year later. The Mann‒Whitney U test was used to compare BCVA contrasts in different subgroups, and the independent samples t test was used to compare the amplitude and latency of P100 wave contrasts in different subgroups. The basic cure rate, simultaneous vision recovery rate, fusion vision recovery rate, and near stereoscopic vision recovery rate contrasts in different subgroups were compared via the chi-square test.ResultsThis study included 393 children (217 boys and 176 girls) aged 3 to 12 years with anisometropic amblyopia who were treated at the Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2020 to December 2022. The children were divided into two groups, the 4D group (263 cases) and the traditional group (130 cases), on the basis of the treatment modality. The children in the traditional group received treatment through the conventional method of occlusion and regular training. Meanwhile, the children in the 4D group received treatment through the traditional method and the 4D-DSAAVFCS. The 4D group was divided into two age groups: 3 ~ 6 years (161 cases) and 6 ~ 12 years (102 cases). The basic cure rate of the 4D group was significantly better than that of the traditional group (χ2 = 4.318, P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the BCVA, the latency of P100 wave, or the amplitude of P100 wave between the 4D group and the traditional group before treatment (U=-0.117, t=-0.05, all P > 0.05 ). After one year of treatment, a statistically significant difference was observed between the 4D group and the conventional group in terms of BCVA, the latency of P100 wave, and the amplitude of P100 wave (U=-1.243, t=-0.853, t=-1.546, all P < 0.05). These results suggest that the therapeutic effect was greater in the 4D group than in the conventional group. The recovery rates of simultaneous vision, convergent fusion, divergent fusion, and near stereoscopic vision were significantly greater in the 4D group than in the conventional group (χ2 = 4.344, 4.726, 5.123, and 2.036, respectively; all P < 0.05). Additionally, the basic cure rate of children aged 3 ~ 6 years in the 4D group was significantly greater than that of children aged 6 ~ 12 years (χ2 = 2.365, P < 0.05). In this study, BCVA was significantly lower in the 3 ~ 6-year-old group than in the 6 ~ 12-year-old group (U = -1.267, P < 0.05). Similarly, the amplitude of P100 wave was also significantly greater in the 3 ~ 6-year-old group than in the 6 ~ 12-year-old group (t = -1877, P < 0.05). The latency of P100 wave was lower in the 3 ~ 6-year-old group than in the 6 ~ 12-year-old group (t=-0.998, P < 0.05). Additionally, the recovery rate of near stereoscopic vision was significantly greater in the 3 ~ 6-year-old group than in the 6 ~ 12-year-old group (χ2 = 4.534, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe combination of the traditional method with the 4D-DSAAVFCS was more effective than the traditional method alone in treating amblyopic children. This approach was particularly helpful in improving the visual acuity of the children and restoring their optic nerve conduction function, simultaneous vision, fusion vision, and near stereoscopic vision. The combination of the traditional method and the 4D-DSAAVFCS is more effective for younger children.

SCINet: A Segmentation and Classification Interaction CNN Method for Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy Grading.

As a common disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases pose a great harm threat to human wellness. Even using advanced and comprehensive treatment methods, there is still a high mortality rate. Arteriosclerosis, as an important factor reflecting the severity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, is imperative to detect the arteriosclerotic retinopathy. However, the detection of arteriosclerosis retinopathy requires expensive and time-consuming manual evaluation, while end-to-end deep learning detection methods also need interpretable design to high light task-related features. Considering the importance of automatic arteriosclerotic retinopathy grading, we propose a segmentation and classification interaction network (SCINet). We propose a segmentation and classification interaction architecture for grading arteriosclerotic retinopathy. After IterNet is used to segment retinal vessel from original fundus images, the backbone feature extractor roughly extracts features from the segmented and original fundus arteriosclerosis images and further enhances them through the vessel aware module. The last classifier module generates fundus arteriosclerosis grading results. Specifically, the vessel aware module is designed to highlight the important areal vessel features segmented from original images by attention mechanism, thereby achieving information interaction. The attention mechanism selectively learns the vessel features of segmentation region information under the proposed interactive architecture, which leads to reweighting the extracted features and enhances significant feature information. Extensive experiments have confirmed the effect of our model. SCINet has the best performance on the task of arteriosclerotic retinopathy grading. Additionally, the CNN method is scalable to similar tasks by incorporating segmented images as auxiliary information.

Algorithms of diagnosis and therapy of a primary depressive episode

Depressive disorders are among the most widespread forms of mental pathology with significant medical and social consequences and require adequate and timely medical assistance. It is known that algorithms are effective methods of optimizing the provision of psychiatric care in order to prevent the development of therapy-resistant forms of mental pathology and reduce their treatment costs, which is particularly relevant in the case of a primary depressive episode (PDE). The aim of the work is to develop algorithms for rapid diagnosis and therapy of the PDE. Materials and methods. During 2018–2021, 131 patients (49 men and 82 women) with the PDE who sought outpatient psychiatric help were clinically examined. All subjects were tested to determine the level of depressive disorder, according to the unified clinical protocol of highly specialized medical care, according to the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale. The clinical-ethological description consisted of three stages: at the first stage, at a patients’ first visit, a general description within the framework of a clinical and psychopathological examinations; at the second stage, the clinical-ethological characteristics of non-verbal behavior were studied; at the last, third stage, non-verbal behavior was recoded into ethological elements according to A. A. Korobov’s glossary (1991). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 license package of application programs. Results. An algorithm for the PDE diagnosis has been developed based upon four stages: the first one – the symptomatic state diagnosis; the second – clinical-ethological analysis of depressive phenomenon signs and a neurophysiological electroencephalographic (EEG) examination; the third – psycho-experimental examinations using appropriate tools; the fourth – structuring of the obtained diagnostic data, diagnosis verification and development of therapeutic intervention tactics. A therapeutic algorithm for the PDE treatment was also developed and proposed: at the first stage – use of existing antidepressants with proven clinical effectiveness; at the second – switching from a drug in case of its ineffectiveness within 3–4 weeks to another drug with a different mechanism of action; at the third – in case of the previous stage ineffectiveness, using a combination antidepressant therapy (combining drugs of different groups); at the fourth – application of therapeutic schemes using diuretics, pathogenetic psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy. Conclusions. The proposed diagnostic and treatment algorithms are reliable enough to detect and treat such a category as the primary depressive episode. The effectiveness of personalized comprehensive diagnostic and treatment methods for these conditions should be based on the principles of phasing, comprehensiveness, using integrated approaches, combining therapies aimed at developing an adequate attitude to a disease state, mitigating the intensity of negative emotions, restoring internal and external resources of patients.

A Survey on Korean Medicine Doctors’ Recognition for Developing Korean Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide data for the development of Korean medicine (KM) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for gastric cancer (GC) by identifying the awareness and knowledge needs of KM doctors (KMD) through an online survey.Methods: A survey questionnaire was produced by referring to the previous recognition survey studies for clinical KMDs. The survey questionnaire was composed of questions regarding the current status of clinical care for GC, the knowledge level of clinicians about GC, and other details that clinicians use during practice. The survey was conducted from September 20 to October 22, 2021. An online survey was conducted with 195 KMDs from the Society of Korean Medicine and the Korean Association of Traditional Oncology of KM.Results: A total of 195 respondents participated in the online survey regarding the current status of GC treatment. Of this number, 10.3% of the respondents specialize in GC, but even if they do not currently specialize in GC, they are more likely to treat patients with GC in the future. In terms of the specifics of KM treatment, there was a demand for information on comprehensive KM treatment methods, such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and chuna, as well as on analyzing the effectiveness of combined treatment with chemotherapy and radiation.Conclusion: In this study, we were able to understand the clinical KMDs’ perception of GC, knowledge level, and requirements in the CPG. The results of this study will provide the basic data for the development of CPG for GC.

Strengthening the construction of standardized system to enhance the standard diagnosis, treatment and comprehensive management of pulmonary hypertension in China

In recent years, there has been rapid progress in the field of pulmonary hypertension (PH). With the deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of PH, the increase of evidence-based medical evidence, the continuous updating of PH clinical classification, the hemodynamic diagnostic boundaries, and the emergence of new targeted drugs and interventions, the guidelines are constantly being updated. It brings new challenges to the standard diagnosis, treatment and comprehensive management of PH in China. Compared with the world, there are still many problems in the field of PH in China. The heterogeneity of PH causes the complexity of the disease and the difficulty of clinical management, and the early identification and diagnosis of pH face great challenges. Individualized and precise treatment needs to be further optimized, and standardized diagnosis and treatment strategies need to be popularized and promoted. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in the field of PH, including its pathogenesis, diagnostic thresholds, classification and comprehensive treatment methods, prompting an update of the guidelines, which brings a new level of standardized diagnosis and comprehensive management of PH in China. This guideline brings new challenges to the standardized diagnosis and treatment and comprehensive management of PH in China. Here, we discussed in depth the current situation of diagnosis and treatment in the field of PH, as well as the development of a standardized system for PH in China.

Integrative medicine: The future of Indian health care

Integrative medicine is a patient-focused healing-oriented medicine selectively incorporating elements of complementary (chiropractic therapy, yoga, and meditation) medicine and alternative medicine (drugs, surgery, and lifestyle changes) evidence-based and experience-based therapy into comprehensive treatment methods. It is a form of health care that seeks to understand the individual as a whole (body, mind, and spirit) including all aspects of lifestyle, and use all appropriate therapeutic approaches within a framework that focuses on health, the therapeutic relationship, and the whole person. In recent years, integrative medicine has developed into a distinct medical specialty as more and more health-care professionals have embraced it as an approach to patient care and the public has also become more educated and conscious enough about its foundational concepts. As defined by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine at the National Institutes of Health, integrative medicine combines mainstream medical therapies and complementary therapies for which there is some high-quality scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness. The term integration is used to express the formalization and official incorporation of traditional medicine into the National Health Services.[1] India is a reservoir of the antiquity of health practices supported by a strong foundation of indigenous traditional knowledge. The health needs of modern society are enormous and no single established and approved health-care system can address all the needs. Hence, became evident the need for a new collaborative regimen to guide health interventions and programs. India is backed with a rich heritage of indigenous knowledge coupled with a robust infrastructure and skilled workforce in modern medicine serving as a fertile land for medical pluralism to bloom. The integrative approach has thus proved effective in formulating strategies for healthy senescence, promoting self-management, and managing health-care expenditures. The Government of India has also promoted the integrative approach by mainstreaming Ayurveda and Yoga (AYUSH) with the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke in 2015 by the Ministry of AYUSH and Central Council of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences in collaboration with the Directorate General of Health Services with the objective to reduce drug dependency in chronic cases through yoga practices and Ayurveda and lifestyle changes. The application of Ayurveda as an adjuvant therapy has been used to reduce morbidities and associated ailments, to incorporate yoga sessions among admitted patients during their stay at the hospital for enhancing metabolism and positive physical and mental health. The National Health Policy 2017 advocates the improvement of health status through coordinated policy implementation in all sectors. The WHO Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2019 reiterates the need for integrating the best of traditional and complementary medicine and that of conventional medicine to tackle the unique health challenges posed in the 21st century.[23] Scope of Integrative Medicine and Ways Forward Integrative health recognizes that modern systems and AYUSH systems have their own strengths and limitations in a way that they complement each other. The strengths of modern medicine include emergency management, anesthesia, surgical management, antimicrobial therapy, and management of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. In contrast, the conventional systems of traditional Indian health practices have strengths in preventive and promotive health, dietetics, advocacy of moral conduct, yoga, etc., An integrative approach incorporating the strengths of different systems of medicine provides scope for holistic and comprehensive care. Integrative Medicine is Not… Unfortunately, integrative medicine has often been mislabeled as mixopathy necessitating the need for the professions and consumers to distinguish between the two. Understanding the reason for integration is a pivotal step in preserving, protecting, and rejuvenating health along with effective, ethical, and safe management of different ailments. Integration aims to bring together the best practices of each system without losing their identity. In contrast, mixopathy is the unethical practice of self-perpetuated and self-convenient methods by unqualified people, which is not supported by any evidence. A system of integrative medicine can thus avoid the ballooning of health-care expenditure and provide a continuum of care and help us realize the Sustainable Development Goal 3 of universal health care.[3]

Analysis of selected methods of diagnostics and physiotherapy of pes plano-valgus in children

Introduction: Flat feet is one of the most common posture defects among children and it usually co-occurs with valgus of the heels, which is called pes plano-valgus. There are many diagnostic methods and physiotherapeutic activities that allow for early detection and appropriate correction of the defect. The use of non-surgical methods may allow the child to avoid surgery in the future. Aim and Methods: Review and analysis of the current scientific literature on the diagnosis and physiotherapy of plano-valgus feet in children. Conclusions: In the diagnostic process, there are many static and dynamic methods for the assessment of plano-valgus foot among children. Special devices such as plantoconturograph, podoscope, and pedobarographic mat are used in the diagnosis of feet in children and have proven to be helpful in the detailed analysis of foot defects. However, an extensive range of physiotherapeutic methods allows for comprehensive treatment using not only corrective exercises, but also physical therapy treatments in order to relieve pain and accelerate recovery. Orthopedic appliances, such as supination insoles, also play an important role in the treatment. The best results were seen in the use of comprehensive treatment and multiple terapeutic methods. Early detection and correct diagnosis of foot abnormalities allow for appropriate treatment with the use of a wide range of physiotherapy methods. This increases the chances of restoring normal foot functions among children and reducing pain with other abnormal symptoms.

Study on Comprehensive Technology of Preventing Mud Cake of Large Diameter Slurry Shield in Composite Stratum

When large-diameter slurry shields are tunneling in a composite stratum with a high clay content, the cutter head may form a mud cake. After the mud cake is formed, it will cover the cutter and reduce the opening rate of the cutter head, thus reducing the penetration of the cutter and the driving speed. Based on a road upgrading project, this paper studies the prevention and treatment of a mud cake and forms a set of comprehensive treatment methods. For a large mud cake, through theoretical analysis, two calculation methods of the cutter head sealing coefficient are obtained, and the cutter head sealing coefficient relationship model is established. Comparing the calculated cutter head’s actual opening coefficient with the required cutter head opening coefficient can provide a judgment basis for the time of manual warehousing. For medium and small mud cakes, the numerical simulation is carried out based on the cutter head and the scouring system, the distribution characteristics of the flow field near the cutter head are analyzed, and the angle of the central scouring hole is optimized. For a small mud cake, hydrogen peroxide is selected as an additive through microscopic mechanism analysis. The effect of the hydrogen peroxide solution concentration on dissolving a mud cake is obtained through laboratory tests, and its effectiveness is verified through field tests. The research results can provide a reference for the mud cake prevention of slurry shields in similar strata.

Comprehensive treatment options and influencing factors in elderly patients with breast cancer

Objective: To investigate the treatment options for breast cancer patients aged 65 and over, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: The clinical data of 521 elderly patients aged 65 years or older,who underwent surgery in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to December 2015, were collected. They were all female and 65-98 years old. The patients were divided into 65-74 years old group (n=353) and ≥ 75 years old group (n=168). The differences of variables including age, functional status, treatment methods, pathological characteristics, comorbidities and survival time between the two groups were compared, and the differences of comprehensive treatment methods and their impact on clinical efficacy were analyzed. Results: The main operation methods of the two groups were modified radical mastectomy [39.1% (138/353) and 33.9% (57/168), respectively], breast conserving surgery [56.9% (201/353) and 61.3% (103/353), respectively]. Among the patients choosing adjuvant therapy, there was no significant difference between the two groups except chemotherapy (all P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the choice of chemotherapy was related to age, surgical methods, pathological types, tumor burden, molecular typing, functional status and comorbidities (all P<0.05). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and the number of comorbidities were independent factors affecting the choice of chemotherapy for breast cancer in the elderly: [ECOG score: adjusted OR=0.45 (95CI: 0.26-0.75), number of comorbidities: adjusted OR = 0.63 (95CI:0.41-0.98); all P<0.05]. The 5-year disease-free survival rate of 521 elderly patients with breast cancer was 86.3%, 5-year overall survival rate was 88.8%, and the breast cancer specific survival rate was 94.3%. Conclusions: The comprehensive treatment of breast cancer patients aged 65 and above is not affected by age, but is associated with tumor burden, pathological type, molecular typing, comorbidities and ECOG score. Among them, ECOG score and the number of comorbidities are the independent factors influencing the choice of adjuvant chemotherapy.

A retrospective clinical study of patients with pregnancy-associated breast cancer among multiple centers in China (CSBrS-008).

Background:Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a special type of breast cancer that occurs during pregnancy and within 1 year after childbirth. With the rapid social development and the adjustment of reproductive policies in China, the average age of females at first childbirth is increasing, which is expected to lead to an increase in the incidence of PABC. This study aimed to accumulate clinical experience and to investigate and summarize the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of PABC based on large multicenter samples in China.Methods:According to the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery, a total of 164 patients with PABC in 27 hospitals from January 2016 to December 2018 were identified. The pregnancy status, clinicopathological features, comprehensive treatment methods, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:A total of 164 patients of PABC accounted for 0.30% of the total number of cases in the same period; of which, 83 patients were diagnosed during pregnancy and 81 patients during lactation. The median age of PABC was 33 years (24–47 years). Stage I patients accounted for 9.1% (15/164), stage II 54.9% (90/164), stage III 24.4% (40/164), and stage IV 2.4% (4/164). About 9.1% (15/164) of patients were luminal A. Luminal B patients accounted the most (43.3% [71/164]). About 15.2% (25/164) of patients were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) overexpression and 18.9% (31/164) of patients were triple-negative breast cancer. For pregnancy breast cancer, 36.1% (30/83) of patients received direct surgery and 20.5% (17/83) received chemotherapy during pregnancy. About 31.3% (26/83) chose abortion or induction of labor. The median follow-up time was 36 months (3–59 months); 11.0% (18/164) patients had local recurrence or distant metastasis and 3.0% (5/164) died.Conclusions:It is safe and feasible to standardize surgery and chemotherapy for PABC.

Increased KIAA0101 gene expression associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer.

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) has long been a major death threat facing women worldwide. With the development of comprehensive treatment methods, the prognosis of BC was improved but still unsatisfactory. This study was aimed to identify the key genes in BC tumorigenesis and investigate potential prognostic predictors.MethodsDifferential expression genes were analyzed in TCGA BRCA dataset using Genevestigator software. The expression profile of target gene was explored, and the correlations between selected genes with important clinical parameters were evaluated as well. The prognostic values of target genes were also carried out through Kaplan-Meier plotter OncoLnc and BC gene-expression miner.ResultsKIAA0101 gene was selected for further analysis from the differential expression genes identified. At both mRNA and protein levels, the expression of KIAA0101 in BC was higher than that in normal tissues. Further analysis indicated that overexpression of KIAA0101 was significantly correlated with worse clinical outcome parameters. KIAA0101 was highly expressed in older patients, in the luminal group, and in patients with advanced stages. Moreover, BC patients with elevated KIAA0101 expression had worse overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ConclusionsTaken together, KIAA0101 could be considered as a diagnostic biomarker or predictor for BC prognosis.

Bibliometric analysis of refractory facial paralysis based on CNKI database

The current development situation and the hotspot of the relevant research on refractory facial paralysis are explored. The articles on refractory facial paralysis are retrieved from CNKI database. The bibliographic items co-occurrence matrix builder (BICOMB) 2.0 is adopted to extract and analyze statistically literature characteristics and generate the high-frequency keywords matrix. The graphical clustering toolkit (gCLUTO) 1.0 is used to cluster the high-frequency keywords. A total of 750 articles are included, mostly published in Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion (63 articles), Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion (54 articles) and Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (27 articles) separately. The number of published articles by the active first authors are accounted for 10.1% of the total. When the high-frequency keywords are clustered into 4 categories, the topics with good cluster effect including the inheritance of the experiences of famous doctors in the comprehensive treatment of refractory facial paralysis, the comprehensive treatment measures with the a quite high curative effect on refractory facial paralysis based on heat-sensitive moxibustion and those based on the intervention by enhancing acupoint stimulation effect, as well as the study on the comprehensive treatment measures. General speaking, the regimen of acupuncture and moxibustion is a hotspot in the study on refractory facial paralysis. Research fellows give the consideration on the inheritance of the experiences of famous doctors, adopt the comprehensive treatment methods and enhance the actions of "warming" and "promoting" in the regimen by focusing on the pathogenesis. Such an idea has certain enlightening role to the study on the treatment of refractory diseases.

Study on treatment method of low efficiency well in S12 block

In recent years, the production decline of some oilfields is obvious, and a large number of oil wells begin to be in inefficient or ineffective production. Only by controlling these wells can the oilfields maintain effective production. By means of dynamic and static multidisciplinary integrated research, through elaborate dissection of typical potential blocks, the optimal treatment measures are selected from four aspects of “ reservoir heterogeneity and production status, type and distribution law of remaining oil, causes of low efficiency wells, classification and comprehensive treatment countermeasures and methods”, so as to provide technical support for potential tapping and comprehensive treatment of old oilfields.

Current status of surgical treatment of rectal cancer in China.

With the changing lifestyle and the acceleration of aging in the Chinese population, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have risen in the last decades. On the contrary, the incidence and mortality of CRC have continued to decline in the USA since the 1980s, which is mainly attributed to early screening and standardized diagnosis and treatment. Rectal cancer accounts for the largest proportion of CRC in China, and its treatment regimens are complex. At present, surgical treatment is still the most important treatment for rectal cancer. Since the first Chinese guideline for diagnosis and treatment of CRC was issued in 2010, the fourth version has been revised in 2020. These guidelines have greatly promoted the standardization and internationalization of CRC diagnosis and treatment in China. And with the development of comprehensive treatment methods such as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, the post-operative quality of life and prognosis of patients with rectal cancer have improved. We believe that the inflection point of the rising incidence and mortality of rectal cancer will appear in the near future in China. This article reviewed the current status and research progress on surgical therapy of rectal cancer in China.

232 Poster - Effects of chemotherapy on serum lipids in Chinese postoperative breast cancer patients

Background: Chemotherapy is one of the comprehensive treatment methods for breast cancer, nevertheless its associated adverse effects are drawing consequential attention along its substantially improving efficacy. The changes of serum lipids of breast cancer patients induced by chemotherapy have been reported by previous studies, whereby the former increases the incidence rate of cardiovascular disorders. However, the variations in the changes of serum lipids with different chemotherapy regimens have seldom been reported.

Spectroscopic and Theoretical Insights into Surprisingly Effective Sm(III) Extraction from Alkaline Aqueous Media by o-Phenylenediamine-Derived Sulfonamides.

Alkaline high-level waste (HLW) generated as a result of years of nuclear weapons production has complicated composition and requires comprehensive treatment methods, which would allow concentrating its most radiotoxic components in a small volume for geological disposal. We have investigated six alkyl-substituted o-phenylenediamine-derived sulfonamides for extraction and consecutive stripping of Sm(III) from alkaline aqueous media. Up to 81% of Sm(III) recovery at pH 13.0-13.5 was achieved by disulfonamide (dsa) or dsa/Et3N in CH2Cl2, measured after contact with organic phases and subsequent stripping with 0.1 M HNO3. The use of Et3N dramatically enhances Sm(III) extraction at lower pH ranges (10.5-11.5) but decreases extraction at pH 13.0-13.5, while control experiments with Et3N and no dsa showed no extraction. Analysis of the extraction equilibria gave a 1:1 sulfonamide-Sm(III) complexation ratio, with the extracted species also presumed to contain coordinated H2O or OH-, as also shown by DFT calculations. Titration experiments of sulfonamides with Sm(III) in CH3CN were consistent with a 1:1 complexation ratio of dsa-6 to Sm(III) with a K11 = 6.6 × 107 M-1 derived from nonlinear regression analysis of the 1:1 binding isotherm. Theoretical DFT calculations determined the structures of possible species formed during extraction and the thermodynamics of extraction processes based on several initial [Sm(OH)y(NO3)z(H2O)x]3-y-z species and 1:1 Sm(III)/dsa-32- complexes formed in the organic phase, in which dsa complexes to Sm(III) in its bis-deprotonated form (denoted below as dsa-32-). Organization of close ion pairs of type {Na[Sm(dsa-32-)(OH)2]·2H2O} was shown to be thermodynamically favorable for extraction from alkaline aqueous media with pH = 13.0-13.5. Theoretical calculations also demonstrated thermodynamically favorable coordination to Am(III).

Molecular mechanisms involved in drug-induced liver injury caused by urate-lowering Chinese herbs: A network pharmacology study and biology experiments.

As an important part of the comprehensive treatment methods, the urate-lowering Chinese herbs could provide favorable clinical effects on hyperuricemia in its ability to invigorate spleen and remove dampness. Owing to the long-term duration, it brought up the potential adverse reactions (ADRs) and concerns about the drug-induced liver injury from these herbs. To address this problem, the bioinformatics approaches which combined the network pharmacology, computer simulation and molecular biology experiments were undertaken to elucidate the underlying drug-induced liver injury molecular mechanisms of urate-lowering Chinese herbs. Several electronic databases were searched to identify the potential liver injury compounds in published research. Then, the putative target profile of liver injury was predicted, and the interaction network was constructed based on the links between the compounds, corresponding targets and core pathways. Accordingly, the molecular docking simulation was performed to recognize the representative compounds with hepatotoxicity. Finally, the cell experiments were conducted to investigate the biochemical indicators and expression of the crucial protein that were closely associated with liver injury. In conclusion, the current research revealed that the compounds with potential liver injury including diosgenin, baicalin, saikosaponin D, tetrandrine, rutaecarpine and evodiamine from urate-lowering Chinese herbs, could lead to decline the survival rate of L-02 cell, increase the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in cell-culture medium, enhance the expression of p-p38/p38, while the p38 inhibitor could achieve the trend of regulating and controlling liver injury. These research findings bring further support to the growing evidence that the mechanism of the liver injury induced by the compounds from urate-lowering Chinese herbs may be associated with the activation of p38α.

Numerical evaluation of aerosol exhalation through nose treatment

Aerosol medicine exhalation through the nose (ETN) is one of the most promising and comprehensive treatment methods for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (ECRS) with asthma. In this work, we performed turbulent Large Eddy Simulations (LES) coupled with a Lagrangian method for particles to model the transport phenomena of aerosol medicine during exhalation. The goal of these simulations is to evaluate the curative effect of ETN. Expiration condition is a critical parameter for the success of ETN, this study proposes to evaluate two different exhalation conditions, exercise and quiet breathing states. As a result of airflow analysis, we observe impinging jet towards the posterior part of nasopharynx, with a subsequent complex swirl and circulation flow in the nasopharynx region. This is the most important zone of turbulence production. As the flow reaches the separation of left and right nasal cavities, the turbulence intensity is greatly reduced. We also observe that particle deposition increases with exercise breathing condition. The most important deposition mechanism is inertial impaction after the turbulent dispersion. Total particle deposition for exercise breathing condition is 5 times more important than for the quiet breathing condition and 7 times more important in the sinuses. Relative important deposition efficiency is observed in sinuses, which represents a significant dose of therapeutic aerosols. In summary, we conclude that ETN is a promising method of drug delivery.

Coaxial extrusion bioprinted shell-core hydrogel microfibers mimic glioma microenvironment and enhance the drug resistance of cancer cells

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant central nervous system tumor. The current treatment is mainly surgical resection combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other comprehensive treatment methods. However, the treatment effect is unsatisfactory, the resistance of cancer cells to alkylating agent is the major reason for the recurrence of GBM. It is necessary to develop an ideal in vitro model to investigate the drug resistance of glioma cells. In this study, shell-glioma stem cell GSC23/core-glioma cell line U118 (G/U) hydrogel microfibers with high cell viability were constructed by coaxial extrusion bioprinting. It was found that core-U118 cells gradually proliferated to form fiber-like cell aggregates and the interactions between cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) were increased. Furthermore, compared with shell/core-U118 (U) hydrogel microfibers, the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), MMP9, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) which are related to tumor invasion and drug resistance were significantly enhanced in G/U hydrogel microfibers. Moreover, U118 cells derived from G/U microfibers had greater drug resistance in vitro and the level of MGMT promoter methylation in G/U cultured U118 cells was significantly lower than that of U cultured cells. In summary, coaxial extrusion bioprinted G/U hydrogel microfiber is a preferable platform for mimicking glioma microenvironment, as well as for drug development and screening.