Comprehensive Spatial Planning Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF FLOOD VULNERABILITY LEVELS IN LANDAK REGENCY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

Law No. 24/2007 defines a disaster as a series of events that threaten and disrupt people's lives caused by natural, non-natural, and human factors, resulting in loss of life, environmental damage, and property loss. Landak Regency is one of the areas in West Kalimantan that is often flooded. Floods in Landak Regency impact people's lives, so they must be minimized. One of the efforts to minimize flooding is by mapping flood vulnerability. Flood vulnerability mapping is one of the early mitigations that utilize technological developments.This article presents the research results that aim to map the level of flood vulnerability in Landak Regency. The mapping was carried out using ArcGIS 10.8 software, and the data used are rainfall data, land use maps, slope, soil type, and land cover.The analysis shows the runoff coefficient rose from 0.16 in 2012 to 0.19 in 2021 due to land use changes converting forests and agriculture to settlements, impacting drainage. Flood vulnerability mapping identified highly vulnerable areas covering 21.41% of Landak Regency, focused near Ngabang, Sebangki, and Mandor, particularly along rivers. Vulnerability in Ngabang District decreased due to upstream spatial control policies, which established it as a protected forest area under regulations. Flood vulnerability assessment against Landak Regency's RTRW revealed flood-prone areas covering 490,097.51 Ha (60.77%), dominated by plantations (303,947.52 Ha), production forests (73,610.58 Ha), and agriculture (47,259.98 Ha). These results highlight the necessity of comprehensive spatial planning to effectively manage flood risks and protect Landak Regency's environment and communities.

Taking climate-smart governance to the high seas.

Comprehensive spatial planning in international waters is key to achieving ocean sustainability.

Masterplan Kawasan Wisata dan Edukasi Muhammadiyah Ponorogo berbasis Potensi Lokal untuk Pengembangan Perekonomian

The Muhammadiyah Ponorogo Regional Leadership received 1.2 hectares of waqf land located in Plalangan Village, Jenangan, Ponorogo which can be used as a tourism business charity. Limited human resources are an obstacle in the arrangement and use of waqf land and more comprehensive spatial planning is needed involving all stakeholders. This program aims to increase the potential of waqf land to become a Muhammadiyah tourist village based on local potential for economic development. The partners of this program are elements of institutions under the authority of the Muhammadiyah Ponorogo Regional Leadership with 50 participants consisting of economic and business as well as tourism councils and elements of the community around Plalangan, Jenangan, Ponorogo. The method used was to present and create a master plan for the Muhammadiyah Ponorogo Tourism Village. The results of the program show that with the activities carried out, there has been a change from not having the potential of waqf land to become a Muhammadiyah tourist village based on local potential to understanding and having the potential of waqf land to becoming a Muhammadiyah tourist village based on local potential. It can be concluded that there has been an increase in skills among partners regarding the potential of waqf land to become a Muhammadiyah tourist village based on local potential.

Sustainable photovoltaic power generation spatial planning through ecosystem service valuation: A case study of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Climate change exerts profound negative effects on the Earth's natural and human systems. Transitioning to large-scale renewable energy (RE) production, especially solar photovoltaic (PV) power, can significantly mitigate carbon emissions. However, the fragility and sensitivity of the ecosystem and geo-environment disparity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) could potentially constrain solar PV power generation. In this study, we evaluated both the ecosystem service values (ESV) and the land suitability for PV power generation within the QTP. Through an integrated analysis, a comprehensive planning map highlighting areas suitable for PV power development was constructed. The results show that the suitable area is 7.62 × 105 km2, accounting for 29.48 % of the QTP. The high-priority development area is mainly concentrated in the southwestern and north-central of the QTP, covering a total area of 3.43 × 105 km2, with obvious advantages in PV power generation potential (610.09 kwh/m2). Notably, a disparity exists between the locations of current PV power installations and our planning pattern. Additionally, PV power generation in the whole planning region can reduce CO2 emissions by 2.15 × 1011 tons. This study provides a sustainable framework for the comprehensive spatial planning of PV power plants, aiming to minimize conflicts between PV power generation and ecosystem services.

The importance, orientation and key content of township-level comprehensive spatial planning in China

On the basis of fully understanding the key characteristics and problems of China’s township master plans, this article clarifies the requirements of the territorial spatial planning system reform for the governance system of townships and towns, urban–rural integration and high-quality development, and points out the necessity of overall planning for township-level territorial spaces in China. Then, based on the study of international experience and the division of administrative powers between county-level government and township-level government, it proposes the positioning features of overall planning for township-level territorial spaces, including the communication and implementation of municipal and county planning, innovating the control methods concerning the use of town seat space, and coordinating and guiding the formulation of detailed plans. It also indicates that the key content of overall planning for township-level territorial spaces must include natural resource management, development and utilization of territorial spaces, spatial pattern of town areas, spatial layout of town seats, management and control of village construction, etc.

City-county coordination in spatial planning: a case study in Wenzhou

County-level economy is a major driver of economic growth in Zhejiang Province. However, as it develops, it poses severe challenges to the comprehensive sustainable development of the cities, particularly Wenzhou. The comprehensive spatial planning of Wenzhou should incorporate an comprehensive and coordinated plan for the protection, development, utilization and restoration of the city’s territorial spaces to tackle the problems caused by decentralized development. To this end, we propose that the spatial planning of Wenzhou should focus on integrating the main center of the metropolitan area for coordinated allocation of resources. We have developed the planning strategy of “Strong Center, Strong Network, Strong Node and New Mechanism” for the main center of Wenzhou metropolitan area to help Wenzhou boost specialization and build further upon its areas of strength. These efforts help enhance the comprehensive capacity of Wenzhou through spatial integration.

Mapping forest ecosystem service supply in two case studies in Latvia

Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of goods and benefits for human survival and well-being. This includes materials, food and fiber and other goods and benefits. Ecosystem services (ES) paradigm is increasingly used in socio-ecological studies. ES generally include provisioning services, regulation & maintenance services and cultural services. Identifying and mapping areas important for ES supply in peri-urban forested landscapes is crucial for comprehensive spatial planning process which takes into account the needs and preferences of local inhabitants. This is in contrast to planning approaches which have focused on which have been focused on mapping and valuing ES supply but ignoring ES demand. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the benefits provided by peri-urban forest ecosystems in two case study regions in Latvia. For this study, we chose two case study areas in Latvia: the city of Daugavpils and its surrounding district. Daugavpils district is located in South-eastern part of Latvia and covers 1876.1 km2. Population in Daugavpils district is 19,553, city of Daugavpils – 80,627. We used 238 structured interviews to collect data on local inhabitants’ preferences and views. Interviewer asked to rank 21 types of forest landscapes using printed photographs of which were linked to particular ES. Later we mapped co-occurrences of desirable types of forest landscapes (selected by >20% of respondents) using 1 × 1 km grid and identified Hot- and Cold-spots of ES supply using Getis-Ord GI* analysis in ArcGIS Pro. We found that more than 70% of respondents, both urban and rural, saw thinned deciduous forest and middle-aged pine forest landscape as important for their well-being. Respondents also did not rank highly regulation & maintenace ES but focused on cultural and provisioning ES. Hot-spot analysis indicated multiple, statistically significant (α = 0.01) clusters of ES supply which were located in large tracts of mainly production forests and few in protected forest areas with significant restrictions. Overall, our approach demonstrated that our approach for identifying and mapping co-occurrences of desirable forest landscapes can be useful for spatial planning at local and regional levels. This approach is based on needs and preferences of local inhabitants and provide the perspective more relevant to local communities compared to imposed top-down planning approaches.

Preparation of Site Plan and Landscape Design in the Development of Green and Edu Tourism in Semoyo Village, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

This research seeks to develop tourism potential and reduce economic inequality in Semoyo Village, Patuk District, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta tourism area in order to develop this area as a tourism destination. The challenge in Semoyo Tourism Village is that there is no comprehensive spatial planning and the tourism packaging is not yet appealing. The concept for the development of Semoyo Tourism Village employs a spatial planning approach and elements of Community-Based Green and Edu Tourism development, namely attraction, accessibility, amenities, and ancillary.

Developing an integrated urban ecological efficiency framework for spatial ecological planning: A case on a tropical mega metropolitan area of the global south

Rapid urbanization has emerged as one of the most critical challenges to ecological sustainability in urban areas. In developing countries, the degradation of the ecosystem is more prominent due to the lack of urban planning. Thus, it has become urgent for researchers to identify the ecological efficiency (EE) changes imposed by urban expansion and promote sustainable land use planning. This study aims to develop a comprehensive urban ecological efficiency (UEE) framework in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA), India, from 2000 to 2020. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to develop a remote sensing-based UEE index (UEEI) based on five effective ecological parameters (Greenness, Dryness, Heat, Wetness and vegetation health. A single sensitivity parameter was also calculated to determine the role of a single parameter based on which management strategies can be carried out. The findings showed that (i) there were substantial deteriorations of UEE in the last 20 years. In 2000 the areas with good EE were about 65.5% which declined to 53.72% in 2010 and 20.87% in 2020. The areas with good UEE decreased 68% and 61% from 2000 to 2020 and 2010 to 2020, respectively; (ii) the areas with good UEE were 52% in 2000, while 38% in 2010. Most urban centres (Bhadreshwar, Champdani, Srirampur, Bally, Howrah, Kamarhati, Baranagar, Dum Dum, South Dum Dum, Rajarhat, Bidhannagar) located around the Kolkata megacity are characterized by poor and very poor EE (ranges of 0.60–1.00). Thus, spatiotemporal pattern of UEE could assist to clarify the administrative responsibilities as well as obligations. In addition to this, the UEE framework can help for scientific guidance of urban ecosystem protection and restoration through comprehensive spatial landscape planning.

Green innovation ability and spatial spillover effect of marine fishery in China

Green innovation is of great significance to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's traditional marine fishery. Based on the panel data of Chinese 11 coastal provinces and cities during 2009–2019, the green innovation ability of marine fishery (MFGIA) was measured with entropy method from three dimensions of innovation input, innovation output and innovation potential in this paper. On this basis, the spatial and temporal characteristics were analyzed with spatial autocorrelation method, and the influencing factors and spatial spillover effect of the MFGIA in China were analyzed with spatial econometric model. It is found that, the overall level of the MFGIA was low though it was on the rise during the study period in China; And there were regional differences of the MFGIA in China, mainly showing a spatial positive correlation of high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration, presenting a structural characteristic of “High in the center-low on the sides” in regions with high innovation ability and low innovation ability; As to the direct effect of influencing factors, environmental regulation, innovation human resources input, capital input and industrial structure upgrading had a direct promoting effect on the MFGIA in local region, and the level of opening-up had a direct inhibitory effect on the MFGIA in local region; As to the spatial spillover effect, environmental regulation, innovative human resources input, capital input and industrial structure upgrading had positive spatial spillover effect, and the level of opening-up had negative spatial spillover effect. Therefore, a comprehensive spatial planning should be formulated to promote the sustainable development of the MFGIA on the basis of the regional correlation characteristics of the MFGIA in China.

Spared, shared and lost\u2014routes for maintaining the Scandinavian Mountain foothill intact forest landscapes

Intact forest landscapes harbor significant biodiversity values and pools of ecosystem services essential for conservation, land use and rural development. Threatened by fragmentation and loss by transitions to industrial clear-cut forestry, those landscapes are of pivotal interest for protection that secures their intact character. With wall-to-wall land-cover data, we explored opportunities for maintaining intact forest landscapes through comprehensive spatial planning across a 2.5 million hectares boreal to sub-alpine forest region along the eastern slopes of the Scandinavian Mountain range. We analyzed forest and woodland types that are protected, need protection or potentially can be subject to continued forest management. We established that the fraction of already clear-cut forest is very small and that the forest landscape of the Scandinavian Mountain foothills contains a high proportion of protected high conservation value forests, covering almost 2 million ha, and that over 500,000 ha (27%) remains unprotected and may be subject to future protection or continued adapted forest management. We found evident north to south differences with respect to forest landscape configuration, distribution of unprotected forests and land ownership. With a focus on non-industrial private landowners, we conclude that sustainable land-use requires integrative, multi-functional approaches that rely on further protection, forest and forest landscape restoration and a much larger share of continuous cover forestry than presently. Our results provide input into ongoing policy implementation and green infrastructure planning in the context of securing intact forest values and integrative opportunities for rural livelihood and regional development based on multiple value chains.

Comprehensive Spatial planning of Sonamarg resort in Kashmir Valley, India for sustainable tourism

The tourism Industry is directly linked with the environment, as tourists mainly travel to natural and green environment destinations. This study has made an attempt to demonstrate the application of Geospatial Approach in evaluation of Master Planning for Sonamarg Resort most visited tourist place of Kashmir valley. Master Plan (MP) for Tourist Resort of Sonamarg was evaluated using topographical settings (Slope, Aspects and Elevation) natural drainage and land use land cover map. Evaluation of Master plan for Sonamarg tourist resort was carried out in two ways i.e., zone vise (A, B, C and D) and slope vise. High resolution Google Earth satellite images of IKONOS were used to analyze current land use land cover in Sonamarg, which are classified into 7 classes. ASTER DEM was used to prepare the slope, elevation and drainage maps. RETScreen Expert was used to get the climate data from NASA to correlate it with the Tourist inflow months. Results indicated that “Zone A” may exhibit conversion from pastures and built up into mixed zone and village settlement; “Zone B” from agriculture to riverfronts; “Zone C” from pasture land to golf course and camping areas; “Zone D” from built up, pastures and recreations sites to golf lodges and facilities areas. Slope vise evaluation indicated that forest should be on higher slope, recreational tourist including Golf Course, River Front and Organized Parks on the moderate slope while built up on the lower slope. The Rapid settlement expansion is seen as one of the potential threats to sustainable development and settlement planning coupled with effective resource utilization and allocation of infrastructure initiatives are other key concerns.

PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN WISATA BANYUURIP DESA JATIMULYO, KECAMATAN DLINGGO, KABUPATEN BANTUL

Two objectives of this study are the development of tourism potentials and the environmental conservation in Banyuurip tourism area, Jatimulyo Village, Dlinggo District, Bantul Regency, Special region of Yogyakarta. Our goal is to improve the physical quality of the site for competitive capacity. The issue concerning comprehensive spatial planning, tourist attractions, and optimization of human resources should be address more seriously. The spatial planning development concept applies in Banyuurip area should covered 4 planning approaches (4A) : Attraction, Accessibility, Amenity, and Ancillary.

Potentials and constraints of the spatial and regional development perspective using regional genetic methods

Regional development is a strategy of utilizing and combining internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and challenges) that exist as potentials and opportunities that can be utilized to increase the region’s production of goods and services that are a function of the needs both internally and externally. These internal factors are in the form of natural resources, human resources and technological resources, while external factors can be opportunities and threats that arise along with their interactions with other regions. The comprehensive spatial planning and development of the region certainly needs the support of information on the potential and constraints of the region with its own genetic background as a whole, meaning that all complete information about all aspects relevant to the spatial needs are met. Information for spatial planning includes potential including physical-mechanical properties of various types of rock masses. Leles is one of the sub-districts in Garut regency which has an area of 6.5 million hectares with a large potential of mining excavation. Regional Spatial Planning Arrangement based on the potential of mineral excavation ensures mining plans in the area do not kill other potentials and shows conformity to the plan long-term. Mountain sand eruption excavated as an industrial commodity is the biggest potential in the Leles region. The existing constraints are related to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Shallow geophysics of the Asinara Island Marine Reserve Area (NW Sardinia, Italy)

ABSTRACT We present a high-resolution swath bathymetric and backscatter map of the entire sector of the Marine Reserve Area (MRA) of the Asinara Island, along with a geological and sediment thickness map derived from the interpretation of a large set of high-resolution seismic profiles, and an airborne-derived hyperspectral image of the Asinara Island. Acquired data show that most of the eastern marine sector of the Asinara Island is characterized by quite gentle bathymetric gradients, whereas the western coastline appears to be very indented, with an articulated and rough morphology of the seafloor, which deepens sharply towards the open sea. The maps presented in this study at the 1:50.000 scale do not only provide the first, high-resolution bathymetry of the MRA of the Asinara Island but also may furnish the base for the creation of a benthic habitat map and a more comprehensive maritime spatial planning of this protected area.

A Community-Based Vulnerability Assessment of Terrestrial Flooding in the South Oropouche River Basin After Tropical Storm Bret

The year 2017 had a very active season for hurricanes and extreme weather conditions. Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria did damage to several Caribbean islands. Even Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), a country which rarely experiences extreme weather conditions, was affected by Tropical Storm Bret. Tropical Storm Bret caused flooding in T&T, especially in the low lying South Oropouche River Basin.There is a dearth of research conducted in T&T about the impact of extreme weather conditions and flooding on communities and families. Thus, this study sought to conduct a community base vulnerability assessment (CBVA) of the impact of the Tropical Storm Bret induced flooding upon the residents of the South Oropouche River Basin.Primary data was collected via semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to conduct the CBVA. Furthermore, this study introduced a Modal Community Based Vulnerability Assessment Index (MCBVAI) to help determine which factors the residents South Oropouche River Basin are most vulnerable to.This study found that the most vulnerable residents were vulnerable largely to their building of structures at locations unsuitable for housing. Moreover, the most vulnerable residents also built structures that were not resilient to flooding and was elevated less than 4 feet (ft) off the ground. The appropriate policy response for the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GORTT) would be to i) establish building codes, ii) develop a comprehensive spatial planning strategy which prohibits people from building structures in unsuitable areas, and iii) implement disaster risk reduction programmes which focus on improving pre-event disaster preparedness, improving the national and local response, and promoting educational awareness.

Regulatory Capture by Default: Offshore Drilling for Oil and Gas

This article examines a form of regulatory capture that occurs when significant ambiguity exists regarding the environmental protection standards for new types of activities in the marine environment. To begin with, there is little research that categorizes the typologies of regulatory capture despite the ubiquity of the phenomenon. After a discussion of theoretical approaches to regulatory capture, I describe the operative definition and theory appropriate to the situation related to authorization of oil and natural gas production in Israel following the discovery of large offshore reserves in 2010. This approach, embodying several facets of existing typologies, is applied to decisions made authorizing construction of the Gabriella offshore exploratory drilling platform. The analysis highlights the nature of capture in the absence of clear agency jurisdiction over new activities located in offshore environs organized as temporal and spatial “vacuums”. I conclude that comprehensive marine spatial planning would result in less capture and the development of more capture-resistant regulations.

Spatial and environmental patterns of off-road vehicle recreation in a semi-arid woodland

Outdoor recreation is a widely recognized cultural ecosystem service. Ensuring that appropriate, high quality recreation opportunities are available requires, among other factors, knowledge of the environmental preferences of recreation users and spatial indicators of where those environmental features exist on the landscape and offer the potential to meet recreation goals. Diverse types of outdoor recreation exist, and different forms of recreation may be associated with different environmental features. The focus of this study is off-road vehicle (ORV) recreation. We demonstrate how readily available spatial environmental datasets, including high resolution image data provided within GoogleEarth, can be used to develop a cost-effective, objective indicator of ORV recreation across a landscape, which can inform management to provide desired recreation opportunities while protecting ecologically sensitive areas.ORV recreational tracks were delineated from GoogleEarth imagery throughout our study area in the Great Western Woodlands of Western Australia. In this region, ORV use is a popular recreation activity and a growing concern of conservation organizations, but is not yet actively managed. Most recreational ORV tracks in the study area are informal and user-created. Mapped ORV recreation tracks were used to model and map the environmental associations of ORV recreation. The pattern of existing tracks indicated associations between recreation and noteworthy environmental amenities in the study area such as the shores of salt lakes and rock outcrops with high ecological and cultural value. However, one of the most important determinants of ORV track presence was accessibility, especially proximity to a road. Access infrastructure, such as proximity to roads, is often used to proxy demand and use in expert-based spatial assessments of ecosystem services. The results of our empirical model underscore the importance of incorporating patterns of both supply (i.e., desired natural amenities) and demand (i.e., access) into ecosystem service assessments. In addition, when integrated with maps of environmental sensitivity and more detailed information about human use, the predictive map of areas providing potential recreation experiences can be used for comprehensive spatial planning of sustainable ORV recreation. One possibility suggested by our results is that careful planning and management of access routes may be an effective means to achieve sustainable ORV recreation.

Assessing the Integration of Landscape Connectivity into Comprehensive Spatial Planning in Spain

The integration of landscape connectivity criteria into spatial planning through ecological networks formed by coherent open space systems has received increasing attention in Europe in the last few decades. In Spain, such integration began recently, in parallel with the development of a supralocal comprehensive spatial planning policy, which was practically non-existent a decade ago. An assessment of such integration is reported here, specifically on ecological networks inclusion within the spatially explicit zoning regulations of 11 regional and 66 subregional plans which had been approved in Spain until the end of 2012. At the same time, a survey was conducted among 22 Spanish and 14 European practitioners in order to detect possible deficiencies and opportunities to optimise this integration in Spain through a comparison with other European countries. An increasing integration of ecological networks into supralocal plans was observed, especially in subregional plans approved in the last five years, coinciding with a period of greater development in supralocal spatial planning policy, the end of the Spanish speculative housing bubble and new national legislation which encourages the promotion of ecological networks. However, the integration process is very uneven because homogeneous guidelines are not applied in the different regions. Spanish practitioners discerned wide room for improvement. The integration of ecological networks into multiscale spatial planning should be optimised in Spain, including improvements in local planning, strategic environmental assessment and training of planners in this topic.

Measuring rural settlement expansion in Uzbekistan using remote sensing to support spatial planning

Population growth demands sustainable spatial planning strategies for settlements in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, especially in rural areas that are inhabited by approximately 64 percent of the country's population. Where can settlements expand in rural Uzbekistan and does settlement growth affect valuable agricultural land? SPOT-5 data with a resolution of 2.5 m was utilized for mapping building layers and assessing settlement growth between 2006 and 2011 at the example of 53 communities located in the Khorezm province in North-West Uzbekistan. Object based image analysis was conducted, i.e. a multi-scale segmentation for the derivation of building contours, followed by a random forest (RF) classification of the object's spectral and spatial characteristics. A geographical information system (GIS) was used for identifying settlement densification and expansion processes, and for quantifying agricultural land parcels of different soil quality occupied during settlement growth.A calibration routine based on indices of segmentation quality enabled the selection of optimal segmentation parameters. After GIS-based refinements of the RF classification results, the overall accuracy (OA) of the building layers of both years exceeded 95%. The OA of the change map was 92.7%. The results revealed that the building area increased by 20%, whilst settlement expansion amounted to 10% in 2006–2011. Settlements widely expanded in accordance with the existing rules prohibiting the conversion of agricultural land to housing areas. Nevertheless, about 20% of the settlement growth occurred on agricultural production areas, also on those with highly productive soils. The results indicated both, the pressure on land resources for settlement growth and – in face of continuous population growth – an increasing demand for comprehensive spatial planning in rural Uzbekistan. The elaborated methodological approach can be extrapolated to regions throughout Central Asia with similar environmental conditions.