Comprehensive Literature Review Research Articles

Effect of goal-directed perceptual-motor exercise on children with specific learning difficulties: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAlthough perceptual interventions focus on sensory and cognitive skills, they significantly enhance the effectiveness of motor interventions by improving coordination, decision-making, and overall engagement in physical activities. A comprehensive literature review has demonstrated that incorporating perceptual interventions into motor exercises is beneficial. While there are several treatment strategies for SLD-diagnosed children, the potential role of goal-directed perceptual-motor exercises has not been studied. This study examined the effectiveness of goal-directed perceptual-motor training on attention, motor skills, and quality of life in children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD).MethodsThis was a randomized clinical study with 38 children diagnosed with SLD between September 2021 and April 2022. The control group (n = 19) received a standard intervention protocol, and the intervention group (n = 19) additionally received a perceptual-motor training program. Bourdon Attention Test, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test 2–Short Form (BOT2- SF), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PEDSQL) were used as outcome measures.ResultsThe intervention significantly improved attention, fine and gross motor skills, and life quality as evidenced by the within- and between-group comparisons at the end of therapy.ConclusionsGoal-directed perceptual-motor physical training with cognitive aspects may enhance academic performance, social participation, and life quality for children with SLD by improving basic motor skills. Therefore, the inclusion of physical and task-specific perceptual-motor exercises in educational programs may offer several avenues for cognitive skill development in SLD children.Trial registrationThe protocol is retrospectively registered with http://clinicaltrials.gov/ (16/August/2023, Clinical Trial, NCT05998083).

Mapping audience analytics use in newsrooms a conceptual typology integrating individual and organizational influences

ABSTRACT Despite the pivotal role of audience analytics in journalism, frequency and intensity of their use vary. This paper utilises the Theory of Planned Behavior and journalistic role orientations to consider various influences on audience analytics use, taking into account their complex interplay. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review, individual and organisational influences are identified to inform a conceptual typology of audience analytics users in newsrooms. It distinguishes six types, encompassing Analytics Experts, Integrators, Enthusiasts, Followers, Opportunists and Skeptics. Each type is characterised by specific traits, offering a nuanced understanding of their relationships and positions within newsrooms. This paper offers a refined perspective on how journalism navigates technological changes and economic challenges, and informs media management strategies by providing a deeper understanding of analytics-related newsroom dynamics.

The Analysis Study of Management of Rehabilitation in Patient with Bladder Dysfunction : A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Management of bladder dysfunction, a condition causing bladder problems, requires effective treatment strategies. PMR specialists, urologists, and gynecologists are primarily involved in this process. However, there is a lack of consensus on optimal treatment protocols, necessitating interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive care frameworks. Methods: This systematic review complied with the PRISMA 2020 requirements, concentrating solely on full-text papers published in English from 2014 to 2024. Editorials and review articles lacking a DOI were omitted to guarantee the use of high-quality sources. A comprehensive literature review was performed using esteemed databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SagePub to locate pertinent studies. Result: The initial database search yielded more than 3,000 publications related to the topic. Through a rigorous three-stage screening process, eight studies were identified that met the predefined inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. These selected studies underwent thorough critical evaluation, enabling an in-depth examination of the management of rehabilitation in patients with bladder dysfunction. This meticulous approach ensured that only the most relevant and high-quality studies were included in the review, providing a robust foundation for the subsequent analysis. Conclusion: Rehabilitation therapy has shown promising results in managing bladder dysfunction in neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injury. Non-invasive interventions like pelvic floor muscle training and electrostimulation improve urinary function and quality of life. Advanced therapeutic approaches like high-intensity-focused electromagnetic therapy and virtual reality offer personalized treatment options.

Magnitude and associated factors of postpartum family planning uptake among postpartum women in Ethiopia: an umbrella review

BackgroundThe World Health Organization indicates that despite advancements, the rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity during the postpartum period continue to be alarmingly high. Furthermore, untapped opportunities to enhance maternal health and promote effective newborn care, including family planning services, have not been fully leveraged. Earlier meta-analyses and systematic reviews have addressed this subject; however, a thorough evidence synthesis has not been provided. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compile the existing systematic reviews (SRs) concerning postpartum family planning uptake among postpartum women in Ethiopia.MethodThis review used an umbrella review method, incorporating numerous systematic reviews. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies guideline (MOOSE). A comprehensive literature review was conducted across prominent four electronic databases (including MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Science Direct) from June 15, to July 15, 2024. This review encompassed investigations carried out within the uptake of family planning among post-partum women and its determinants in Ethiopia were the primary outcome. A set of inclusion criteria was established to identify all pertinent systematic reviews, including studies, with no restrictions on data collection and publication year. The quality of the methods was evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool, (AMSTAR) tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 17 software, and the 95% confidence interval was utilized to establish statistical significance. I-squared statistics were employed to evaluate the heterogeneity of the studies by using a random-effects meta-analysis model.ResultsThe umbrella review includes five studies with a total of 44,276 postpartum women. The pooled prevalence of postpartum family planning utilization was 36.41% (95% CI: 24.78, 48.03). Family planning counseling (AOR: 4.12, 95% CI: 2.89, 4.71), couple discussion (AOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.42, 5.60), and postnatal follow-up (AOR: 3.48, 95% CI: 2.60, 4.83) were significantly associated with postpartum family planning uptake.ConclusionThe result (36.4%) which mentioned in the conclusion part will be removed and the whole text will be replaced by: The study results indicate that the adoption of postpartum family planning in Ethiopia requires focused intervention. This can be achieved by identifying and enhancing community frameworks to involve men in reproductive health initiatives and by providing comprehensive family planning information and services during postnatal care. Addressing the aforementioned factors is crucial to mitigate the risks associated with unintended pregnancies and to manage the swift increase in population.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024568435, PROSPERO (CRD42024568435).

The Effectiveness, Safety and Outcome of Low Dose Aspirin for The Prevention of Superimposed Preeclampsia in Women with Chronic Hypertension : A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Low-dose aspirin therapy has been shown to reduce pregnancy-related complications, including pre-eclampsia, in pregnant women with chronic hypertension. However, mixed findings suggest that it does not significantly alter the likelihood of developing superimposed pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, or perinatal mortality in women with chronic hypertension. Methods: This systematic review complied with the PRISMA 2020 requirements, concentrating solely on full-text papers published in English from 2014 to 2024. Editorials and review articles lacking a DOI were omitted to guarantee the use of high-quality sources. A comprehensive literature review was performed using esteemed databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SagePub to locate pertinent studies. Result: The initial database search identified over 200 publications relevant to the topic. Following a meticulous three-stage screening process, eight studies were selected that met the predefined inclusion criteria for comprehensive analysis. These studies were subjected to a rigorous critical evaluation, providing an in-depth investigation into the effectiveness, safety, and outcomes of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of superimposed pre-eclampsia. This focused approach ensured that the analysis drew from high-quality evidence directly aligned with the study's objectives. Conclusion: Superimposed preeclampsia, a condition causing preterm birth and neonatal intensive care unit admissions, is a risk for chronic hypertension women. Aspirin, a low-dose medication, has shown mixed efficacy in preventing this condition, with dose-dependent effectiveness.

What competencies does an orthodontic postgraduate need?

BackgroundCompetency frameworks are used to guide professional education and assessment. An orthodontic graduate needs various competencies. This study aimed to determine competencies and create a basic competency framework for orthodontic graduates.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study used the Delphi method. A comprehensive literature review was conducted in the ISI, Scopus, PubMed, Eric, and Google Scholar; the orthodontic curriculum in Iran; and the available orthodontic curricula. The sub-competencies and learning objectives necessary for an orthodontic graduate were extracted. The list of competencies was designed as an electronic questionnaire as the first round of Delphi. Fifty-two orthodontic specialists (university staff) were asked to determine the degree of necessity of competencies for an orthodontic graduate using a five-point Likert scale. In the second round, nine competencies were transferred from the first round of Delphi, and four competencies were extracted from the experts' opinions and were included in the questionnaire.ResultsA total of 85 articles and 4 curricula were reviewed and 77 competencies were identified in 11 domains. In the first round of the Delphi, 68 competencies were accepted, for a quota of 70%, and nine were transferred to the second round of the Delphi. At this round, most of the competencies in the field of “data collection and recording”, “treatment procedures”, “patient-centered treatment”, “dental knowledge, “clinical reasoning and moral judgment”, “communication skills”, “Health Promotion”, “Attitude, legal responsibilities and ethical issues (professionalism)”, “information management”, and “Self-development” through participation were accepted. Finally, the domain of competence “the dentist's role in the health system” was removed, and ten domains (73 competencies) were accepted.ConclusionsThe competencies identified in this study can be used in designing competency-based curricula, education, and assessment in post-graduate orthodontic programs.

Application Of Variation Translation Theory In The Translation Of Culture-Loaded Words

This paper explores the application of variation translation theory in the translation of culture-loaded words. It analyzes the challenges faced in translating such words and demonstrates how variation translation theory provides effective solutions. Through a comprehensive literature review, detailed methodology, analysis of results, and conclusive discussions, this study highlights the significance and relevance of applying variation translation theory in enhancing cross-cultural communication.

The Supplier Selection of Prefabricated Component Production Line: A Lean-Based AHP–Improved VIKOR Framework

Prefabrication is increasingly recognized as a sustainable construction practice, with the efficiency of prefabricated component (PC) production lines playing a critical role in its success. However, supplier selection for PC production lines has become more complex due to evolving industrial demands, uncertain supply chain conditions, and operational complexities. This study addresses this gap by developing a lean-based AHP–improved VIKOR decision-making framework to enhance the supplier selection for PC production lines. The framework integrates advanced lean principles with universal and specific evaluation criteria, identified through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews. Its validity was tested via a real-world case study with Yizhong Construction Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China. The results show that the three suppliers are ranked as Zhongjian > Tianyi > Xindadi, where Zhongjian is the best supplier in this case study, with a VIKOR index of 0.156. The findings show that the developed framework can improve the supplier selection efficiency by aligning with lean principles and enhancing the performance of PC production lines. By addressing the challenges of PC supplier selection, this study provides a practical tool to advance the adoption of prefabrication in construction. Furthermore, it contributes to the development of the PC industry by offering a robust method for the selection of suitable suppliers, which can help to optimize the production efficiency and support sustainable practices in construction.

Treatment Advances in Perinatal Depression: Innovations and Promising Approaches

Background/Objectives: Psychotherapy and antidepressants are the standard treatment for depression during pregnancy or postpartum. However, several new treatments for depression represent major advances and paradigm changes. This commentary highlights some innovative treatment options that are on the horizon. Most of these modalities are promising, and most are non-invasive. Many of these modalities have been used in the general population, where evidence supports their use. The methods have only recently been used for pregnant and postpartum women. Other modalities are specifically for perinatal women but do not have an established track record. Methods: This commentary describes some promising approaches to treatment, while acknowledging that the literature is preliminary. The goal is to highlight some interesting approaches drawn from a recent comprehensive review of the entire literature on treatment for perinatal mental illness. Results: Integrative treatments include vitamin D, infant massage, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, acupuncture, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Many studies in the general population have found that these methods are effective, and they also show promise for perinatal women without side effects associated with medications. Some of these treatments can also be adjuncts to what is considered standard care. Two new medications, brexanolone and esketamine, quickly and effectively treat severe depression and work on GABA and glutamate receptors rather than serotonin or norepinephrine. These medications become less effective after 30 days but can be combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Conclusions: Pregnant and postpartum women seeking care for depression and other mental health conditions have many options beyond psychotherapy and SSRI/SNRI antidepressants. These modalities can also be added to their care.

Asymptomatic Erosive Esophagitis.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common condition characterized by chronic symptoms, such as heartburn or epigastric and/or substernal pain, that are frequently associated with mucosal damage resulting from abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus (Fass et al. in Nat Rev Dis Primers 7:55, 2021; Richter and Rubenstein in Gastroenterology 154:267-276, 2018). However, this damage can manifest in patients who do not exhibit typical GERD symptoms. Asymptomatic erosive esophagitis (AEE) is a condition in which there is esophageal mucosal injury typical for GERD, such as erosions, ulcerations, and/or Barrett's esophagus, visible in upper endoscopy, without concurrent symptoms attributable to GERD. AEE has been challenging to study, and it is not yet clear what causes this condition. As a result, there are no definitive guidelines on how to manage it. AEE also has the potential to be very impactful on public health, as those who are affected may go years without a diagnosis, putting them at risk for a variety of complications, including strictures and even cancer. Further careful study is necessary in order to more effectively address this condition. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the scientific literature regarding AEE, examining its prevalence, clinical characteristics, potential causes and contributing factors, as well as identifying avenues for better characterization and management of this patient population.

Low-fat versus Low-carbohydrate Diet

Abstract The global obesity rate has risen significantly, prompting research into the optimal dietary strategies for weight loss, particularly in relation to macronutrient composition. Despite numerous studies, the most effective macronutrient balance for weight reduction remains under debate. The objective of this article is to compare the impacts of a low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet on weight loss and cardiovascular health. A comprehensive literature review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies included randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews to provide a broad analysis of the evidence on a low-carbohydrate versus a low-fat diet. Short-term weight loss was significantly higher with a low-carbohydrate diet compared to an unrestricted low-fat diet. However, when matched for calorie intake, no significant difference in weight was observed between the two diets, suggesting that total calorie intake may be more influential than macronutrient composition. Notably, a low-carbohydrate diet induced a greater decrease in triglyceride levels and an increase in both high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to a low-fat diet.

Transforming Architectural Programs to Meet Industry 4.0 Demands: SWOT Analysis and Insights for Achieving Saudi Arabia’s Strategic Vision

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) has profoundly transformed industries worldwide through the integration of advanced digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, digital twins, building information modeling (BIM), and the Internet of Things (IoT). The Architecture, Construction, and Engineering (ACE) sectors are increasingly adopting these innovations to meet the evolving demands of the global market. Within this dynamic context, Saudi Arabia has emerged as a front-runner and significant investor in this sector, as evidenced by the launch of ambitious mega-projects such as NEOM and The Line. These developments prompt valuable discussions about the readiness of graduates to adapt to rapid technological advancements and meet the current demands of the Saudi market. Although numerous studies have explored this issue, the Saudi context presents unique challenges and opportunities due to the accelerated pace of change within the ACE sectors, driven by the goals of Vision 2030. For this reason, this paper aims to address this gap by exploring the readiness of architectural programs in the context of Saudi Arabia to meet the demands of Industry 4.0. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, developing an analytical framework. Subsequently, a multiple-cases approach was employed, with an overall top-level discussion on the undergraduate architecture program subjects available in the five regions in Saudi Arabia. A combination of field observations, domain expertise, and evidence-based coding methods was employed to develop the SWOT analysis. The SWOT framework was utilized to identify key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within the current academic programs. The findings were then analyzed in a comprehensive discussion, highlighting necessary transformations in existing programs. The methodology employed in our study involves prolonged engagement and persistent observation to enhance the quality and credibility of the discussion. This paper serves as a roadmap for guiding future educational reforms and aligning architectural education with emerging industry demands and technological advancements in the field. Four key themes are essential for aligning architectural education with Industry 4.0: sustainability in the built environment, innovation and creativity, digital applications in the built environment, and entrepreneurship and leadership in venture engineering. It also strongly emphasized sustainability courses and noted notable deficiencies in preparing students for a digitally driven professional landscape. For example, the average program comprises 162 credit hours and 58 courses, with only six related to Industry 4.0. The top five institutions offering Industry 4.0 courses ranked from highest to lowest are ARCH-U11, ARCH-U8, ARCH-U3, ARCH-U4, and ARCH-U15. ARCH-U11 offers the most Industry 4.0 courses, totaling 15, which account for 26.8% of its courses and 15% of its credit hours, in contrast to ARCH-U20, which offers no courses. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of the readiness of architecture program curricula from 20 Saudi universities to meet the requirements of Industry 4.0. Importantly, these findings support previous studies that established guidelines that mandate the inclusion of sustainability, innovation, and digital skills in architectural education programs. Contribution to the knowledge and findings is valuable for educational institutions, policymakers, and industry leaders, offering insights into evolving architectural education to meet future industry demands and foster technological innovation and sustainable development. Moreover, it provides actionable recommendations for curriculum development in alignment with Vision 2030. Contrary to expectations, findings show that lower-ranked universities offer more Industry 4.0-related courses than higher-ranked ones, emphasizing the need to align university evaluation standards with labor market demands.

Identification of diagnostic methods for African swine fever: A systematic literature review

This review emphasizes the urgent need for effective diagnostic strategies for African swine fever (ASF), a serious disease affecting pig populations worldwide. The aim of the review is to analyze the existing research on ASF diagnostics through a comprehensive literature review, focusing on different diagnostic approaches, including clinical assessments, PCR tests, ELISA, rapid tests and epidemiological models. It examines their sensitivity, specificity and overall performance, addressing challenges such as the varying sensitivity of tests and cross-reactivity. The review highlights both the strengths and limitations of current methods and suggests areas for improvement and standardization. Recommendations are made for future research and the development of innovative diagnostic tools to improve ASF surveillance and control. This study makes a practical contribution by providing a detailed assessment of ASF diagnostic methods from which veterinary scientists and practitioners can benefit. Theoretical contributions include the identification of gaps in ASF diagnostics and the refinement of discussions on diagnostic accuracy and reliability. These findings are consistent with the journal’s focus on infectious diseases and veterinary research and support progress in veterinary medicine and animal welfare.

Heat Stress Prevention in Construction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors and Control Strategies

In hot and humid work environments, construction workers can experience heat stress and heat-related illnesses (HRIs). While several studies have investigated engineering and administrative control methods to prevent certain heat stress risk factors, a comprehensive understanding of all existing risk factors and their corresponding control strategies is still lacking. It is crucial to identify gaps in current control strategies and develop a safety management framework for effective heat stress control by implementing existing measures. In addition, the effectiveness of the most common control strategies must be rigorously evaluated to ensure their efficacy and to guide future research aimed at enhancing these strategies or developing more effective ones. This study employed a mixed literature review methodology to address this knowledge gap. A structured literature review investigated and synthesized heat stress risk factors and control methods to find the gaps in control options to address underestimated risk factors. Furthermore, a comprehensive systematic literature review, including trend analysis, scientometric analysis, and meta-analysis, determined research foci and evaluated the effectiveness of the heat stress control methods. The scientometric analysis identified 11 clusters, encompassing key research themes such as environmental risk factors (e.g., high-temperature environments, climate change), administrative controls (e.g., work–rest schedules, climate change risk assessment), and personal interventions (e.g., cooling vests and sleep-related strategies). These findings highlight that the most commonly studied control methods are cooling vests, work–rest schedules, and cooling interventions. According to these results and the availability of quantitative results, the meta-analysis evaluated nine datasets of reductions in core body temperature by using types of cooling vests and anti-heat-stress uniforms and established the significant effectiveness of this control strategy in mitigating heat stress with a medium effect size. Moreover, five potential research studies have been identified to address gaps in control strategies for certain underestimated risk factors, including leveraging sensor technologies, conducting control training, dynamic work–rest schedules, using cutting-edge PPE, and governmental initiatives. Insights gained from this study enhance decision making for resource allocation, selection of control options, and intervention prioritization within a heat-stress-control framework based on the safety management system. The findings also highlight the effectiveness of cooling vests and areas that need to be developed, and evaluate potential heat-stress-control methods in construction.

An Overview of Gaucher Disease

Background: Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the GBA1 gene that lead to a deficiency in the glucocerebrosidase gene. This deficiency results in the accumulation of glucocerebrosides in macrophages, primarily affecting the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Focusing on the Mexican population, this study aims to review GD’s epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options to enhance early diagnosis and optimize treatment outcomes. Methods: This study is a comprehensive literature review analyzing epidemiological data, clinical presentations, and current therapeutic approaches for Gaucher disease, including enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT). Conclusions: Early diagnosis and individualized treatment, primarily through enzyme replacement therapy, significantly improve the prognosis of patients with Gaucher disease, particularly type 1. Continued research is required to enhance therapeutic approaches for the neuropathic types and better understand the disease’s epidemiology in Mexico. These efforts will contribute to improved clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.

Friends, Brands, and Influencers: Unpacking the Role of Social Media Marketing in Sustainable Fashion Adoption

This study examines the impact of social media marketing (SMM) on consumer behaviour toward sustainable fashion practices, addressing critical environmental challenges posed by the fashion industry. The research focuses on the influence of three key SMM components—social media influencers, friends and family, and fashion brands—on consumer adoption of recycling, sustainable fabric choices, and garment care practices. A mixed-method approach was utilized, combining a comprehensive literature review with quantitative data collected through an online questionnaire distributed to a diverse audience. Linear regression analysis was conducted to test three hypotheses, all of which were supported, confirming the significant role of SMM in shaping consumer behaviour. The findings reveal that friends and family are the most trusted sources, followed by fashion brands and influencers, in encouraging sustainable practices. Despite their varying levels of influence, all three components contribute to fostering consumer interest in sustainability. The study underscores the importance of creating engaging, transparent, and reliable content tailored to different audience contexts. It also highlights the challenges of limited consumer awareness and trust, recommending strategies such as collaborative initiatives, incentives, and clear communication to enhance the impact of SMM. This research contributes to the understanding of how SMM can promote sustainable fashion practices, offering practical insights for marketers, business owners, and environmental advocates.

Isometric Exercise for Blood Pressure and Endothelial Function in Metabolic Syndrome: A Review

Context: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of metabolic disorders, including hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, which collectively heighten the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The global prevalence of MetS is steadily increasing, paralleling the rise in obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Pharmacological treatments for MetS often face challenges such as inadequate blood pressure (BP) control and limited improvements in cardiovascular outcomes. Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on non-pharmacological interventions, particularly exercise. Among various exercise modalities, isometric resistance training (IRT), which involves static muscle contractions without joint movement, has emerged as a promising strategy for effectively lowering BP and enhancing endothelial function, both of which are critical for cardiovascular health. Evidence Acquisition: This comprehensive literature review synthesizes existing research on the effects of isometric exercise on BP regulation and endothelial function in individuals diagnosed with MetS. The review examines studies sourced from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Key discussion areas include the underlying physiological mechanisms of IRT, comparisons with other exercise modalities, clinical implications, and recommendations for future research. Articles were selected based on qualitative and descriptive reviews. Results: Evidence indicates that isometric resistance training effectively reduces both systolic and diastolic BP, achieving results comparable to other exercise forms like aerobic and dynamic resistance training. Furthermore, IRT has significantly improved endothelial function, particularly among populations with MetS. These physiological benefits are attributed to mechanisms such as enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability, reduced oxidative stress, and improved autonomic regulation. Conclusions: The review supports the integration of isometric exercise into hypertension management protocols, especially for individuals with MetS. Isometric resistance training offers a viable non-pharmacological alternative or adjunct to traditional treatments, with the added advantages of accessibility and adaptability for diverse populations. However, further research is necessary to optimize exercise protocols, determine long-term outcomes, and fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular benefits of IRT.

Unveiling Linguistic Frontiers in the 21st Century: A Systematic Literature Review of the Rise of Big Data’s Role in Data-Driven Language Learning in the Saudi Arabian Context

This study delves into the potential role of big data and data-driven language learning in shaping the language learning landscape within the Saudi Arabian context. A comprehensive literature review, following the four main phases of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines involving Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to employ specific inclusion/exclusion criteria as well as truncation techniques across major academic databases and prominent journal publishers, revealed a significant gap in research about how data-driven approaches influence language teaching in the Saudi educational context and sociocultural environment. As such, this study aims to illuminate the need to fill the identified gap by providing insight into future avenues for exploring big data’s role in language pedagogy specific to Saudi Arabia. By addressing the main research question of how big data can influence and enhance language learning, this research underscores the importance of developing innovative, data-informed strategies that align with Saudi Arabia’s educational goals. Ultimately, findings will inform and recommend various approaches to empower language educators, policymakers, and stakeholders in harnessing the transformative potential of big data. This will enable the development of data-driven strategies to foster linguistic competence, promote lifelong language learning, and cultivate a data-driven culture of language proficiency among Saudi students. The research provides valuable insights into an understudied area at the intersection of big data, language pedagogy, and the distinct Saudi educational landscape

Validation of a Questionnaire on COVID-19 Knowledge and Attitude for Dental Patients

Objectives: The current study aimed to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire in both English and Persian to assess dental patients' knowledge and attitude during the COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and Methods: Through a comprehensive literature review, we designed the primary questionnaire in English and then translated it into Persian. The questionnaire consisted of six sections covering background information, knowledge of emergency dental treatments, transmission routes of disease, required preparation, source of information, and attitude. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the researchers obtained expert opinions using the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave). They distributed online versions of the questionnaire to a total of 60 English-speaking adults in Nigeria and the United States, and 60 Persian-speaking adults in Iran to measure its reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Results: I-CVI score, S-CVI/Ave, and Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire ranged from 0.29-1, 0.62-0.99, and 41.1-87.6%, respectively. After reviewing the scores and comments received on each item, taking into account the opinions of the research team, a decision was made to remove, merge, modify, or retain certain items. This led to a final version of the questionnaire consisting of nine questions in the background section and 46 items in the remaining five sections. Conclusion: Overall, the developed questionnaire appears to be valid and reliable for assessing the knowledge and attitude of dental patients toward COVID-19 in dental settings. It can potentially serve as an appropriate scale in future infectious disease epidemics across diverse populations.

Analysing Sustainable Strategies for Entrepreneurial Success in Malaysia: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Analysing Sustainable Strategies for Entrepreneurial Success in Malaysia: A Comprehensive Literature Review