Comprehensive Economic Evaluation Research Articles

Integration of very small modular reactors and renewable energy resources in the microgrid

Hybrid microgrids, integrating local energy resources, present a promising but challenging solution, especially in areas with limited or no access to the national grid. Reliable operation of off-grid energy systems necessitates sustainable energy sources, given the intermittent nature of renewables. While fossil fuel diesel generators mitigate risks, they increase carbon emissions. This study assesses the viability of integrating a very small modular renewable energy reactor into a microgrid for replacing conventional diesel generators, substantially curbing greenhouse gas emissions. A comprehensive analysis, including design and economic evaluation, was conducted for an off-grid community microgrid with an annual generation and load of 8.5 GWh and 7.8 GWh, respectively. The proposed microgrid configurations incorporate very small modular reactors, alongside solar, wind, and battery storage systems. MATLAB modeling and simulation across eight cases, accounting for seasonal variations, demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of case 7. This configuration, integrating modular reactors, photovoltaics, wind turbines, and battery storage, satisfactorily meets load demands. Notably, it boasts a high internal rate of return up to ∼31% and a shorter payback period of around 4 years compared to alternative scenarios.

Exploring the economic viability of Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) bark extraction: A comparative study

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive economic evaluation for the transition from lab-scale to large-scale production of jatobá bark extracts containing phenolic compounds. Building upon previous technical research, the present work compares conventional agitation (AG) to modern supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). SuperPro Designer was used to estimate the project’s economic indicators. Moreover, freeze drying and spray drying were evaluated as possible operations for water removal from the extract. The operating costs (OPEX) analysis at the most economical process condition showed the primary influence of raw material cost (CRM), regardless of the technique. Additionally, utilities cost (CUT) had a greater impact on UAE and AG than SFE. A sensitivity analysis revealed that extract selling price and productivity significantly impacted return on investment (ROI), followed by CRM and CUT. In summary, SFE, AG, and UAE were feasible for the recovery of phenolic extracts from jatobá bark, with payback times of 4.2, 2.0, and 3.4 years, respectively. This work shows the economic feasibility and potential scalability of these extraction processes, laying a foundation for future industrial implementation and commercialization of jatobá bark extracts.

Continuous design and technoeconomic assessment of commercial‐scale biorefinery processes for the production of succinic acid

AbstractSuccinic acid is recognized as a key component in the production of various commercially important chemical commodities. Technical‐economic analysis can provide valuable insights into the feasibility of large‐scale biochemical production of succinic acid. In this study, the effects of scale on the design of a biorefinery using sugarcane bagasse were evaluated using a detailed process modeling methodology. Four processes were simulated and compared, three based on patents from biosuccinic acid (bio‐SA) manufacturing companies and one based on a process economic program report (PEP). This methodology allowed for the analysis of scale benefits for each technological route. A comprehensive economic evaluation was conducted by comparing the biochemical processes in terms of investment and production costs, as well as the minimum selling price (MSP) of bio‐SA. Results show that the MSP of more promising process designs ranged from 3105 to 2095 $ t−1, which is compatible with the cost of petrochemical‐based succinic acid. Moreover, for capacities above 90 kt year−1, the MSP remains virtually constant, and every process evaluated revealed a breakdown in the project economy of scale. A sensitivity and risk analysis was carried out to evaluate the impacts of several process parameters on the project's technoeconomic analysis, resulting in bio‐SA selling price and investment costs as parameters with the highest impact on economic viability.

Comparing the Implementation of Different Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Models in Primary Health Care Settings in Northern India: Pragmatic Three-Arm Observational Study

Introduction: Early screening is recommended to prevent vision impairment (VI) and blindness globally due to diabetic retinopathy (DR). We aim to analyze the factors influencing the implementation of DR screening models in primary healthcare facilities. Methods: A pragmatic three-arm observational study will be conducted in the district of Mohali in Punjab, India. The study will compare three equal-sized groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at age 30 and above. The T2DM participants and healthcare providers (HCPs) will be interviewed to identify the barriers to retinal examinations in primary healthcare settings. The study includes a comprehensive economic evaluation to determine the cost-effectiveness of implementing different DR screening models in primary health settings. The present study will use the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance), to assess the implementation of two DR screening interventions and the extent of variation in outcomes. Qualitative and quantitative data collected from participants and research team observations will be examined to report on the five RE-AIM domains. Discussion: A screening program should ensure early detection and referral for DR treatment before it results in irreversible vision loss. However, understanding the problems of accessing DR screening and estimating the cost-effectiveness of such programs in a primary health setting is important before allocating public health resources.

Economic-biological estimation of pear varieties in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

The paper presents the results of long-term research into winter hardiness, yield, and resistance to scab of introduced pear varieties. The research was carried out in 2021-2023 on collection plots (established in 2002, 2003) of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery in accordance with generally accepted methods. Objects of research included pear varieties ‘Krasnobokaya’ (K), ‘Krasulya’, ‘Vekovaya’, ‘Myth’, ‘Kuibyshevskaya Zolotistaya’, ‘Nezhnost’, ‘Isetskaya Sochnaya’, ‘Lel’, ‘Bolshaya’. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the damaging factors for the pear in the Orenburg region included low negative temperatures and thaws in winter, followed by frosts (2021 and 2023). The maximum degree of freezing (3.0 points) was observed in ‘Kuibyshevskaya Zolotistaya’ and ‘Nezhnost’ varieties in the winter of 2023, affecting their productivity (4.6 t/ha and 5.0 t/ha, respectively). Most of the studied varieties were found to be winter-hardy (slight freezing up to 2.0 points): ‘Krasnobokaya’ (K), ‘Krasulya’, ‘Vekovaya’, ‘Myth’, ‘Isetskaya Sochnaya’, ‘Lel’, ‘Bolshaya’. It was revealed that the maximum average yield for three years of research was obtained in varieties ‘Krasnobokaya’ (K) (8.3 t/ha), ‘Krasulya’ (9.1 t/ha), ‘Vekovaya’ (8.1 t/ha), ‘Myth’ (8.2 t/ha),’ Isetskaya Sochnaya’ (9.7 t/ha), ‘Lel’ (7.9 t/ha), ‘Bolshaya’ (8.5 t/ha). The highest average fruit weight was obtained in varieties ‘Vekovaya’ (120.6 g) and ‘Bolshaya’ (101.2 g). Meanwhile, ‘Bolshaya’ and ‘Lel’ varieties revealed no significant deviations in fruit sizes from the pomological description, unlike the other varieties. It was found that the degree of leaf scab damage varied from 0 (‘Krasulya’, ‘Vekovaya’, ‘Myth’, ‘Bolshaya’) to 2.0 points (‘Kuibyshevskaya Zolotistaya’, ‘Nezhnost’), fruit damage occurred in varieties ‘Nezhnost’ (1.0 point) and ‘Kuibyshevskaya Zolotistaya’ (1.5-2.0 points). Long-term research afforded ground for comprehensive economic and biological evaluation of the introduced pear varieties and identifying valuable samples to be involved in the selection process in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals: ‘Krasnobokaya’ (K), ‘Krasulya’, ‘Vekovaya’, ‘Myth’, ‘Isetskaya Sochnaya’, ‘Lel’, ‘Bolshaya’.

Efficiency and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Developed Embedded System-Controlled Seed and Fertilizer Applicator

In maize cultivation, the labour-intensive, time-consuming, and costly nature of manual planting necessitates the exploration of mechanized solutions. This study presents a comprehensive economic evaluation of an embedded system-controlled seed cum fertilizer applicator as a potential answer to these challenges. Precise planting methods offer a multi-pronged approach, aiming to reduce cultivation costs, minimize time requirements, and improve worker comfort during planting operations. By meticulously analyzing both ownership and operational expenses, this study empowers farmers with the knowledge necessary to make informed decisions. These decisions could involve adopting the precise seed cum fertilizer applicator technology, optimizing existing machinery, or exploring alternative methods to achieve enhanced farm productivity and financial gains. The embedded system-controlled seed cum fertilizer applicator was directly compared to traditional manual planting methods. This analysis revealed ownership and operating costs of 9.56 Rs/h and 63 Rs/h, respectively. The compelling findings demonstrated a remarkable 96.87% reduction in planting time and a 55.47% cost decrease when utilizing the embedded system compared to manual methods. These results highlight the significant cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits associated with adopting this precise planting system. This research offers valuable insights to farmers, potentially promoting the integration of advanced agricultural technologies that can optimize resource utilization, improve operational efficiency, and contribute to the implementation of sustainable farming practices.

Comprehensive performance assessment and multi-objective optimization of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell system under variable load

Due to the advantages of zero emission, high efficiency and low noise, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has grown to be the spotlight in the field of new energy in recent years. In this work, a high-power PEMFC system model is designed, which consists of the fuel feed Subsystem, the air feed subsystem, the thermal management subsystem and the stack. Among them, the material diffusion in the catalyst layer of the stack is intensively studied and derived. For the comprehensive system performance assessment, the thermodynamic, economic and environmental evaluation models have been developed. The mapping relationships between the operating parameters, the structural parameters and the system comprehensive performance under variable load conditions are obtained. The results of the study prove that increasing the operating temperature and decreasing the membrane thickness under high load current conditions are conducive to increase the system net power output, but at the same time increase the levelized cost of energy and the carbon mass specific emission. In addition, a multi-objective optimization strategy based on the NSGA-Ⅱ is designed to obtain the optimal performance of the system under different operating conditions. The optimized net power, the levelized cost of energy and the carbon mass ratio emission of the system for the final optimal operating point are increased by 40.5 %, 10.3 % and 33.3 % respectively. The aforementioned evidence substantiates the effectiveness of the proposed multi-objective optimization strategy in enhancing the overall performance of the PEMFC system.

Reverse osmosis desalination for greenhouse irrigation: Experimental characterization and economic evaluation based on energy hubs

Water scarcity is a threat to crucial economic sectors, notably agriculture, which is a major concern in arid regions like Spain's Almería province, home to a substantial greenhouse industry. One of the possible solution for this fact is the use of alternative water sources, as desalination. This work offers a comprehensive characterization and economic evaluation of reverse osmosis desalinated water for greenhouse irrigation, exploring various scenarios, including photovoltaic electricity generation. To accomplish this, an economic model based on the energy hub methodology is proposed. This model provides a versatile framework that accounts for factors like variable electricity generation and water demand, allowing for accurate cost assessments. The results show that levelized cost of water between 2.51 and 3.69 €/m3 can be reached depending on the configuration of the system. Moreover, the cash flow analysis demonstrates that the investment in reverse osmosis systems for greenhouse irrigation can be recovered in less than three years in all the studied scenarios. These findings suggest that using reverse osmosis systems for greenhouse irrigation is a viable option particularly appealing to farmers and small associations in specific districts, promoting distributed desalination adoption in agriculture environments.

The holistic evaluation system of R&D results under the circular economy conditions

The object of the research is a holistic economic evaluation system of R&D results under the circular economy conditions. The system is based on the example of an innovative product – a three-wheeled electric scooter for disabled people, developed by specialists of the Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukraine). For this purpose, the prospects and problems of the market of the analyzed product in the context of circular economy development are studied and its market place is determined. The price indicators of the R&D result are substantiated based on the aggregation of cost, competitive and income methodological components of the holistic evaluation system, taking into account the provisions of the circular economy. Financial indicators of the project for implementing the R&D result based on the proposed holistic evaluation system are formed. The applied value of the developed holistic evaluation system is to provide the evaluator (developer, consumer, investor) with a range of price indicator values, among which one can choose the necessary, based on contractual conditions, market changes, etc. Unlike the existing methodological developments in the field of pricing for R&D results, the proposed holistic system makes it possible to aggregate the current evaluation approaches. Such aggregation is based on determining and choosing the optimum product price from a set of possible (suitable for the corresponding product, market, business, etc.). The system provides comprehensive economic evaluation, creates the basis for developing flexible management solutions and effective forecasting under the circular economy conditions

OP174 Health Technology Assessment And Economic Evaluations For A Genomic Strategy In Italy

IntroductionThe challenge to health systems is sustainability, not only in the economic and financial sense of compatibility of spending with allocated resources, but also in terms of equity in access to services and care, quality, safety, innovation and research, that is, in terms of the effectiveness of the right to health. Some countries, such as Italy, do not have formal health technology assessment (HTA) or other similar processes that take into account views outside the decision maker.MethodsIn the Italian national context, there is currently no single tariff for the reimbursability and pricing of genomic technologies. In fact, although genomic tests have been in clinical practice for many years now, to date they have not yet been included in the LEA (Minimum healthcare provision), especially in view of the fact that a defined and transparent process for updating the Essential Levels of Care has been operational since 2018. With the goal of structuring guidelines for the adaptability of economic evaluations to currently available and developing genomic technologies, a literature review was conducted.ResultsThe literature review showed that there are some methodological and practical issues that need to be carefully considered when designing and conducting economic evaluations of genomic tests. In more detail, five key concepts were identified in order to implement the most comprehensive economic evaluation of the technologies under study: the PICO model, the survey perspective, the costs included in the analysis, the effectiveness analysis, the time horizon, and the discount rate.ConclusionsAdequate definition of these concepts appears to be of paramount importance in view of the fact that genomic testing may have important consequences for future generations as well. For the purpose of sustainability of access of genomic technologies, the use of Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) is recommended in all analysis settings being essential for the regulator to tie access to its available budget capacity.

Determination and implementation of an onsite management system for motor-vehicle wash effluents: A field-scale commercial application toward sector sustainability

The global upsurge of vehicle wash enterprises is allied to the production of large wastewater volumes. This effluent contains organic and inorganic compounds which can cause environmental pollution. Upscaling the laboratory-scale systems for motor-vehicle wash wastewater (MVWW) treatment to field-scale commercial application is essential for enabling the circular economy framework, meeting the United Nations' 2030 Agenda. In this study, 98 research publications on MVWW treatment technologies were scrutinized for bibliometric-meta analysis. After, a practical treatment option was identified and designed for implementation in a Ugandan motor-vehicle wash station and a comprehensive economic evaluation was performed. A continental outlook on MVWW quality showed that its major pollutants include oil-greasy compounds, surfactants, and suspended solids. Results showed that a hybrid system consisting of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation and sand/gravel filtration was identified as the most practical treatment method for implementation in motor-vehicle washing stations. The final effluent of the field-scale integrated treatment system contained turbidity = 2 ± 0.0 NTU, chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 18.9 ± 0.6 mg/L, surfactants = 3.2 ± 0.3 mg/L, supporting onsite recyclability in motor-vehicle washing activities. The integrated system demonstrated a profitability scenario with a benefit-cost ratio (B/C) > 1 and a payback period of 2.7 years. Implementing the hybrid system for onsite MVWW treatment could fulfil targets of sustainable development goals related to; water conservation, water recycling and reuse, and environmental protection.

Study on the heat recovery behavior of horizontal well systems in the Qiabuqia geothermal area of the Gonghe Basin, China

Geothermal energy, as a highly regarded renewable energy source, holds vast potential for widespread applications. However, the methods of geothermal energy extraction need to be optimized and improved according to specific geological conditions. This study aims to provide a multi-level horizontal branch well heat recovery system for the Qiabuqia geothermal field in the Gonghe Basin. To begin, this study systematically investigated the influence of various engineering parameters on production temperature and establishes mathematical models to depict the relationships among these parameters. Subsequently, we unveiled the precise numerical correlation between well length and the limit injection rate, utilizing multiple production indexes to comprehensively characterize the practical production characteristics and effectiveness of the multi-level heat recovery system. Finally, a comprehensive economic evaluation of the system was conducted. The research findings indicate that there exists a linear relationship between production temperature and injection temperature, while a second-order polynomial relationship is observed between production temperature and injection rate, wellbore size, and well length. In single-well heat recovery systems, the ratio of well length to the limit injection rate is 4000, whereas in multi-level branch well system, the limit injection rate is 88 % of that in single-well systems. Furthermore, branch wells located farther from the injection end exhibit greater heat recovery capacity but relatively higher production costs. Nonetheless, overall, the production cost for 1000-m-long branch wells can be reduced to around $0.05 $/kWh, demonstrating significant economic feasibility. These research findings provide momentum for the sustainable development and utilization of hot dry rock resources, simultaneously offering more precise guidance for the design and operation of hot dry rock power generation projects.

Budget Impact Tool for Implementing Contingency Management for Co-occurring Alcohol Use Disorders and Serious Mental Illness.

Contingency management (CM) is a behavioral intervention in which tangible incentives are provided to patients when they achieve a desired behavior (e.g., reducing or abstaining from alcohol use). The authors sought to describe the resource requirements and associated costs of various CM versions (usual, high magnitude, and shaping) tailored to a high-risk population with co-occurring serious mental illness and severe alcohol use disorder. A microcosting analysis was conducted to identify the resource requirements of the different CM versions. This approach included semistructured interviews with site investigators, who also staffed the intervention. The resource costing method-multiplying the number of units of each resource utilized by its respective unit cost-was used to value the resources from a provider's perspective. All cost estimates were calculated in 2021 U.S. dollars. The cost of setting up a CM program was $6,038 per site. Assuming full capacity and 56% of urine samples meeting the requirement for receipt of the CM incentive, the average cost of 16 weeks of usual and shaping CM treatments was $1,119-$1,136 and of high-magnitude CM was $1,848-$1,865 per participant. A customizable tool was created to estimate the costs associated with various levels of treatment success and CM design features. After the trial, the tool will be updated and used to finalize per-participant cost for incorporation into a comprehensive economic evaluation. This costing tool will help a growing number of treatment providers who are interested in implementing CM with budgeting for and sustaining CM in their practices.

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF USING THE TECHNOLOGY OF LAYING COVERS FROM DRAINING ASPHALT CONCRETE

This study assesses the economic viability of utilizing porous asphalt concrete in comparison to crushed-mastic asphalt concrete, both of which share similar applications and use cases. Key differentiators affecting costs between these two asphalt concrete types are identified, including fuel consumption during production, material expenses, and overall mixture costs. Methodologies encompassing technical specifications and experimental investigations are applied, employing analytical and comparative techniques.A comprehensive technical and economic evaluation of porous and crushed-mastic asphalt concrete is conducted, factoring in identified cost variables. To determine comparative economic efficiency, industry-standard resource consumption metrics, material utilization norms, recommendations, and laboratory analyses are incorporated. Estimates are derived using aggregated data and the price calculator provided by the State Enterprise "DerzhdorNDI SE," referencing June 2023 data from Ukraine's infrastructure restoration and development services. Analysis reveals that, when assessing material, production, and installation costs exclusively, porous asphalt concrete demonstrates superior economic advantages. Furthermore, the study establishes that the implementation of porous asphalt concrete has the potential to reduce road accidents substantially. This reduction in accidents yields significant economic benefits by mitigating overall socio-economic losses stemming from traffic incidents, thus counterbalancing expenses associated with specific challenges linked to winter maintenance and the cleaning of asphalt pores.

Health economic analysis of the integrated cognitive assessment tool to aid dementia diagnosis in the United Kingdom.

The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive economic evaluation of the integrated cognitive assessment (ICA) tool compared with standard cognitive tests when used for dementia screening in primary care and for initial patient triage in memory clinics. ICA was compared with standard of care comprising a mixture of cognitive assessment tools over a lifetime horizon and employing the UK health and social care perspective. The model combined a decision tree to capture the initial outcomes of the cognitive testing with a Markov structure that estimated long-term outcomes of people with dementia. Quality of life outcomes were quantified using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the economic benefits were assessed using net monetary benefit (NMB). Both costs and QALYs were discounted at 3.5% per annum and cost-effectiveness was assessed using a threshold of £20,000 per QALY gained. ICA dominated standard cognitive assessment tools in both the primary care and memory clinic settings. Introduction of the ICA tool was estimated to result in a lifetime cost saving of approximately £123 and £226 per person in primary care and memory clinics, respectively. QALY gains associated with early diagnosis were modest (0.0016 in primary care and 0.0027 in memory clinic). The net monetary benefit (NMB) of ICA introduction was estimated at £154 in primary care and £281 in the memory clinic settings. Introduction of ICA as a tool to screen primary care patients for dementia and perform initial triage in memory clinics could be cost saving to the UK public health and social care payer.

Comprehensive technology and economic evaluation based on the promotion of large-scale carbon capture and storage demonstration projects

Comprehensive technology and economic evaluation based on the promotion of large-scale carbon capture and storage demonstration projects

China's economic development quality grows faster than economic quantity.

It is known that the rapid progress of the Chinese economy is perceived to be aligned more towards increasing the economic quantity (GDP) rather than its quality primarily owing to a large amount of carbon emission, increased environmental pollution, and high resource consumption. However, such perception comes with no single evidence or study that compares growth rates between the quantity and quality of China's economic development. Such a comparative study could provide useful information to the Chinese government and concerned agencies to manage and promote sustainable economic development in China. Here we developed a comprehensive economic development quality evaluation indicator system to study China's progress on economic quality from 1978 to 2017 and compare it with GDP growth rates over the same period. Results indicate that during the period 1978-2017, China's economic development quality index has increased significantly, higher than the average annual growth rate of GDP during the same period. This higher growth rate of Chinese economic development quality could be attributed to the country's achievements in tackling environmental pollution, narrowing the income gap, promoting technological progress and innovation, improving economic efficiency, maintaining social stability, and improving social welfare. We suggest the world re-evaluate China's economic development achievement and growth patterns that can provide a reference for other developing countries.

A comprehensive technical, economic, and environmental evaluation for optimal planning of renewable energy resources to supply water desalination units: Kuwait case study

A comprehensive technical, economic, and environmental evaluation for optimal planning of renewable energy resources to supply water desalination units: Kuwait case study

Techno-economic and environmental assessment of different municipal wastewater treatment systems

A comprehensive economic evaluation and environmental assessment of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a precondition to ensure long-term economic, environmental, and social sustainability. In this study, a techno-economic feasibility analysis for different modern compact municipal wastewater treatment technologies including aerobic granular sludge (AGS), high rate activated sludge (HRAS) coupled with membrane bioreactor (MBR), HRAS + MBR process, was conducted. The findings were comparatively evaluated with the conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O) process. Capital, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs for each system were investigated in detail. Environmental benefits for each system were assessed and an energy balance for each system was conducted. 21 % lower energy consumption was observed in the AGS system in comparison to the A2O system. This finding might be associated with the absence of mixers, return sludge pumping and recirculation of wastewater for nitrogen removal in AGS system. The unit total cost was found to be 0.113 €/m3, 0.091 €/m3, and 0.195 €/m3 for A2O process, AGS process, and HRAS + MBR process in order. Based on the energy balance and economic analysis, AGS system was found to have lower net energy consumption and total cost compared to A2O process and HRAS + MBR process. The results obtained from this study are of vital importance in the economic evaluation of the projected large new WWTPs.

Mobile Thermal Energy Storages as Complementary Technology to District Heating Networks

District heating networks (DHN) are an important backbone of today´s heat supply with high potential to contribute to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, if their heat sources are increasingly transformed into renewable ones. However, an economically viable application of such networks requires adequate occupancy rates and power density along the lines, because the infrastructure causes significant effort in terms of investment, operation and maintenance. This is one of the reasons, why DHN are mostly implemented in urban regions. On the other hand, industrial plants are not always located within the meaningful range of DHN, although they require huge amounts of heat as well as release significant amounts of waste heat, depending on the specific industrial sector. The utilisation of mobile thermal energy storages (M-TES) can be a possibility to close the gap of energy transfer between a DHN and the industry or even directly between two or more industrial plants. The intention of this approach is to transfer heat by charging a mobile heat storage at the producer and transfer it to the consumer by means of common transport and available infrastructure, e.g. by a truck on the road. In this way, the M-TES concept could serve as a complementary heat supply technology for regions without DHN or it could even be a competitor to DHN for the case that it might by economically advantageous. M-TES was already investigated in the past, even by experimental implementation, but with the energy prices of 2015 is was financially not feasible [1]. As energy markets had to face unknown fluctuations in 2022, the research work presented by this paper had the aim to analyse the M-TES concept for the current situation. Therefore, a comprehensive economic evaluation was performed, based on VDI2067, for calculating the levelised costs of heat (LCOH) for M-TES. This investigation was done for the three main types of heat storing mechanisms, namely sensible, latent and thermochemical storages. In each category, several material types were considered to meet possible requirements of the specific application, e.g. in terms of temperature demand. This updated analysis of M-TES yielded positive results for thermochemical and latent heat storages, as the LCOH are significantly lower compared to the heat costs of DHN in Austria in 2022. However, the transportation distance is the most sensitive parameter in this study, which restricts the viability of M-TES to near surroundings.